1# tzdb data for Asia and environs 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 8# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 9# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 10 11# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19): 12# 13# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 14# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 15# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 16# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 17# 18# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 20# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 21# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 22# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 23# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 24# 25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 27# I found in the UCLA library. 28# 29# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 31# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 32# 33# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 34# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 35# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 36# 37# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 38# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 39# 40# The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables 41# (corrections are welcome): 42# std dst 43# LMT Local Mean Time 44# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 45# 2:00 IST IDT Israel 46# 5:30 IST India 47# 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 48# 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 49# 8:00 CST China 50# 8:00 PST PDT* Philippine Standard Time 51# 8:30 KST KDT Korea when at +0830 52# 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 53# 9:00 JST JDT Japan 54# 9:00 KST KDT Korea when at +09 55# 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 56# *I invented the abbreviation PDT; see "Philippines" below. 57# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03 58# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets. Although earlier 59# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every 60# offset, this did not reflect common practice. 61# 62# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 63 64# From Guy Harris: 65# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 66# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 67# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 68# Worldwide Edition). 69 70############################################################################### 71 72# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 73# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 74Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 75Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 76Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 77Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 78Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 79Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 80Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 81Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 82Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 83Rule RussiaAsia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 84Rule RussiaAsia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 85 86# Afghanistan 87# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 88Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 89 4:00 - +04 1945 90 4:30 - +0430 91 92# Armenia 93# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 94# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 95# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 96# readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 97# when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 98# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 99# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 100# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 101# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 102 103# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 104# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 105# follow Russia's "old" rules. 106 107# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 108# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 109# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 110# 111# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 112# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 113# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 114# or 115# (brief) 116# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 117# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 118Rule Armenia 2011 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 119Rule Armenia 2011 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 120# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 121Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 122 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 123 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 124 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 125 4:00 - +04 1997 126 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2011 127 4:00 Armenia +04/+05 128 129# Azerbaijan 130 131# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 132# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 133# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17). 134# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf 135 136# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17): 137# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to 138# daylight saving time.... 139# https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html 140# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html 141# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html 142 143# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 144Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 - 145Rule Azer 1997 2015 - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 146# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 147Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 148 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 149 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 150 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 Sep lastSun 2:00s 151 4:00 - +04 1996 152 4:00 EUAsia +04/+05 1997 153 4:00 Azer +04/+05 154 155# Bahrain 156# See Asia/Qatar. 157 158# Bangladesh 159# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 160# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 161# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 162# 163# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 164# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 165# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 166# 167# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 168# June 169# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 170# crippling power crisis. " 171# 172# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 173# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 174 175# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 176# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 177# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 178# 179# Some sources: 180# https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 181# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 182# 183# Our wrap-up: 184# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 185 186# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 187# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 188# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 189# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 190# 191# No DST end date has been announced yet. 192 193# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 194# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 195# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 196# 197# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 198# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 199# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 200# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 201 202# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 203# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 204# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 205# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 206# "continue for an indefinite period." 207# 208# One of many places where it is published: 209# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 210 211# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 212# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 213# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 214# 215# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 216# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 217# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 218# 219# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 220# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 221# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 222# Minister's Office last night..." 223 224# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 225# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 226# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 227# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 228# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 229 230# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 231Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 - 232Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 233 234# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 235Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 236 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 237 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 15 238 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 239 6:30 - +0630 1951 Sep 30 240 6:00 - +06 2009 241 6:00 Dhaka +06/+07 242 243# Bhutan 244# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 245Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 246 5:30 - +0530 1987 Oct 247 6:00 - +06 248 249# British Indian Ocean Territory 250# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 251# 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 252# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 253# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 254# then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 255# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 257 5:00 - +05 1996 258 6:00 - +06 259 260# Brunei 261# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 262Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 263 7:30 - +0730 1933 264 8:00 - +08 265 266# Burma / Myanmar 267 268# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 269 270# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 271# Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is 272# used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead 273# of Greenwich." This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630, 274# a transition for which Shanks is the only source. 275 276# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 277Zone Asia/Yangon 6:24:47 - LMT 1880 # or Rangoon 278 6:24:47 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon local time 279 6:30 - +0630 1942 May 280 9:00 - +09 1945 May 3 281 6:30 - +0630 282 283# Cambodia 284# See Asia/Bangkok. 285 286 287# China 288 289# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02): 290# The following comes from Table 1 of: 291# Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai. 292# Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50. 293# http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020 294# The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times. 295# Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding 296# zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power. 297# 298# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 299Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 300Rule Shang 1940 only - Oct 12 24:00 0 S 301Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 302Rule Shang 1941 only - Nov 1 24:00 0 S 303Rule Shang 1942 only - Jan 31 0:00 1:00 D 304Rule Shang 1945 only - Sep 1 24:00 0 S 305Rule Shang 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 306Rule Shang 1946 only - Sep 30 24:00 0 S 307Rule Shang 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 308Rule Shang 1947 only - Oct 31 24:00 0 S 309Rule Shang 1948 1949 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 310Rule Shang 1948 1949 - Sep 30 24:00 0 S #plan 311 312# From Guy Harris: 313# People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 314 315# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 316# No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 317# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 318# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 319# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of 320# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 321# 322# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 323# painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 324# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 325# 326# 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 327# 1987 mid-April - ?? 328 329# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 330# CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 331# CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 332 333# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 334# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 335# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 336# observing daylight saving time in 1986. 337 338# From P Chan (2018-05-07): 339# The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00 340# (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end).... 341# Government notices about summer time: 342# 343# 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22 344# (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour 345# at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.) 346# 347# 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114 348# (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September) 349# 350# 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709 351# (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April 352# until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September) 353# 354# 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152 355# (To suspend summer time from 1992) 356# 357# The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time 358# to begin on 17 April. 359# http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg 360 361# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 362Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 2:00 1:00 D 363Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 2:00 0 S 364Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=11 2:00 1:00 D 365 366# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 367# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 368# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 369# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 370# 371# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 372# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 373# https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 374# boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 375# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 376# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 377# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 378# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 379# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 380# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 381 382# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05): 383# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 384# 385# (1) 386# Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 387# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 388# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 389# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9. 390# http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003 391# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 392# officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 393# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 394# been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 395# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 396# to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 397# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 398# could well have ignored any such mandate. 399# 400# (2) 401# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 402# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 403# [undated and unknown publication location] 404# It says several things: 405# * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 406# * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 407# the official calendar book of 1914. 408# * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 409# French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 410# Observatory and set to local mean time. 411# * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 412# * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 413# eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 414# became used by railways as well. 415# * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 416# five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 417# at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 418# * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 419# this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 420# Japanese-occupied territory. 421# * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 422# * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 423# place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 424# how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 425# * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 426# 427# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 428# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 429# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 430# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 431# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08. 432# 433# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 434# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 435# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 436# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 437# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 438# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 439# 440# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30 441# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 442# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 443# 444# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08 445# Now part of Asia/Shanghai. 446# most of China 447# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 448# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century". 449# 450# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07 451# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here. 452# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 453# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong 454# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 455# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 456# 457# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06 458# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with 459# current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that 460# disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here. 461# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 462# the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 463# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 464# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 465# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 466# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 467# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 468# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 469# 470# Kunlun Time UT +05:30 471# This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above). 472# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 473# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 474# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 475# and Yarkand. 476 477# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 478# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 479# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 480# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 481# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 482# they implicitly use Beijing time. 483# 484# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 485# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 486# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang 487# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 488# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in 489# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 490# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 491# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 492# 493# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 494# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 495# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 496# 497# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 498# or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 499# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 500# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 501# others moving their clocks ahead.) 502 503# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 504# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 505# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 506# 507# 1. Wulumuqi... 508# 2. Kashi... 509# 3. Urumqi... 510# 4. Kashgar... 511# ... 512# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 513# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 514# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 515# 516# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 517# start date for Xinjiang time. 518# 519# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 520# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 521# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 522# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 523 524# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 525# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: 526# https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 527 528# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 529# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 530# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 531# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 532# Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 533# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 534# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; 535# and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 536# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 537# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 538# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as 539# having the same time as Beijing. 540 541# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 542# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06) 543# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, 544# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 545# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 546# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 547# 548# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 549# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 550# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 551# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 552# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 553# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 554# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 555# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 556# quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 557# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 558# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 559# guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of +08 before 560# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and 561# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 562# +08 mandate back then. 563 564# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 565# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 566Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 567 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 May 28 568 8:00 PRC C%sT 569# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi 570# / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 571Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 572 6:00 - +06 573 574 575# Hong Kong (Xianggang) 576 577# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 578 579# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 580# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 581# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 582# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 583# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 584# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 585# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 586# obtained from 587# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 588 589# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 590# Here are the dates given at 591# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 592# as of 2009-10-28: 593# Year Period 594# 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 595# 1942 Whole year 596# 1943 Whole year 597# 1944 Whole year 598# 1945 Whole year 599# 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 600# 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 601# 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 602# 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 603# 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 604# 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 605# 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 606# 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 607# 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 608# 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 609# 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 610# 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 611# 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 612# 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 613# 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 614# 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 615# 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 616# 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 617# 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 618# 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 619# 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 620# 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 621# 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 622# 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 623# 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 624# 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 625# 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 626# 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 627# 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 628# 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 629# 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 630# 1977 Nil 631# 1978 Nil 632# 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 633# 1980 to Now Nil 634# The page does not give start or end times of day. 635# The page does not give a start date for 1942. 636# The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 637# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 638# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 639# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 640 641# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 642Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 643Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 644Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 645Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 646Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 647Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 648Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 649Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 650Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 651Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 652Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 653Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 654Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 655Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 656Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 657Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 658Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 659Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 660Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 661# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 662Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 663 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 664 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 665 8:00 HK HK%sT 666 667############################################################################### 668 669# Taiwan 670 671# From smallufo (2010-04-03): 672# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 673# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 674# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 675 676# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 677# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 678# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 679# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 680# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 681# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 682# found on Wikisource: 683# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 684# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 685# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 686# declared officially. 687# 688# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 689# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 690# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 691# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 692# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 693# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 694# (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 695# be found on Wikisource: 696# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 697# 698# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 699 700# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 701# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9 702# back to UT+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 703# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 704# zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21. And in another 705# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 706# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 707# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 708# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 709# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 710# that: 711# 712# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 713# the time at 135E (GMT+9) 714# 715# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 716# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 717# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 718# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 719# 720# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 721# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 722# Time. 723# 724# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 725# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 726# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 727# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 728# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 729# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 730 731# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 732# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 733# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 734# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 735# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 736# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 737# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 738# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 739# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 740# would be a good one. 741# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 742# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 743 744# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 745# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 746# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 747# 748# Original Bulletin: 749# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 750# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 751# 752# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 753# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 754# 755# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 756# 757# Here is a brief translation: 758# 759# The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 760# midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 761# adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 762# 763# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 764# be found from historical government announcement database. 765 766# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 767# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01 768# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 769# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 770 771# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 772Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 773Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 774Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 775Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 776Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 777Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 778Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 779Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 780Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 781Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 782Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 783Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 784Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 785Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 786Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 787 788# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 789# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 790Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 791 8:00 - CST 1937 Oct 1 792 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 793 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 794 795# Macau (Macao, Aomen) 796# 797# From P Chan (2018-05-10): 798# * LegisMac 799# http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt 800# A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in 801# Chinese and Portuguese. The term "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" can be used for 802# searching decrees about summer time. 803# * Archives of Macao 804# http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/ 805# It contains images of old official gazettes. 806# * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the 807# summer time history. But it is not complete and has some mistakes. 808# http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm 809# Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong. Clocks were 810# advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds. Which means the LMT used was 811# +7:34:10. As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904 812# and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904. 813# http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10_00025_Grey.JPG 814# 815# Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau. 816# 817# From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ... 818# [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation] 819# DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20 820# DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30 821# DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10 822# PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17 823# PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25 824# PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29 825# PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27 826# PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28 827# PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10 828# PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29 829# PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01 830# PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30 831# PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02 832# PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29 833# PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25 834# PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28 835# PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24 836# PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27 837# PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05 838# PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25 839# PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28 840# PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31 841# PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20 842# PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30 843# PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19 844# PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05 845# PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17 846# PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03 847# PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23 848# PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26 849# PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22 850# PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25 851# PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21 852# PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24 853# PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12 854# PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29 855# PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11 856# PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28 857# PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10 858# PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27 859# PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23 860# PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26 861# PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14 862# PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24 863# PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10 864# PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16 865# PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09 866# PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08 867# PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15 868# PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14 869# PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13 870# PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12 871# PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19 872# PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18 873# PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11 874# PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10 875# PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03 876# PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09 877# PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01 878# PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07 879# PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07 880# PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06 881# PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22 882# PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12 883# PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12 884# PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11 885# PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03 886# PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09 887# PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12 888# PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20 889# Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" according to 890# LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched 891# between GMT+9 and GMT+10. Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am. 892 893# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10): 894# The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of 895# Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT. 896 897# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 898Rule Macau 1942 1943 - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 - 899Rule Macau 1942 only - Nov 17 23:00 0 - 900Rule Macau 1943 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 S 901Rule Macau 1946 only - Apr 30 23:00s 1:00 D 902Rule Macau 1946 only - Sep 30 23:00s 0 S 903Rule Macau 1947 only - Apr 19 23:00s 1:00 D 904Rule Macau 1947 only - Nov 30 23:00s 0 S 905Rule Macau 1948 only - May 2 23:00s 1:00 D 906Rule Macau 1948 only - Oct 31 23:00s 0 S 907Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D 908Rule Macau 1949 1950 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S 909Rule Macau 1951 only - Mar 31 23:00s 1:00 D 910Rule Macau 1951 only - Oct 28 23:00s 0 S 911Rule Macau 1952 1953 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 D 912Rule Macau 1952 only - Nov 1 23:00s 0 S 913Rule Macau 1953 1954 - Oct lastSat 23:00s 0 S 914Rule Macau 1954 1956 - Mar Sat>=17 23:00s 1:00 D 915Rule Macau 1955 only - Nov 5 23:00s 0 S 916Rule Macau 1956 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 03:30 0 S 917Rule Macau 1957 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 03:30 1:00 D 918Rule Macau 1965 1973 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D 919Rule Macau 1965 1966 - Oct Sun>=16 02:30 0 S 920Rule Macau 1967 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S 921Rule Macau 1973 only - Dec 30 03:30 1:00 D 922Rule Macau 1975 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 03:30 1:00 D 923Rule Macau 1979 only - May 13 03:30 1:00 D 924Rule Macau 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 03:30 0 S 925 926# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 927Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:10 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 928 8:00 - CST 1941 Dec 21 23:00 929 9:00 Macau +09/+10 1945 Sep 30 24:00 930 8:00 Macau C%sT 931 932 933############################################################################### 934 935# Cyprus 936 937# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 938# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 939 940# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09): 941# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's 942# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round. 943# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/ 944# 945# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31): 946# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night. 947# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/ 948 949# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 950# Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus 951# staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus. See: Anastasiou A. 952# Cyprus to remain united in time. Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17. 953# https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/ 954 955# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 956Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 957Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 958Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 959Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 960Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 961Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 962Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 963Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 964Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 965# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 966Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 967 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 968 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 969Zone Asia/Famagusta 2:15:48 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 970 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 971 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 2016 Sep 8 972 3:00 - +03 2017 Oct 29 1:00u 973 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 974 975# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 976# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 977Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 978 979# Georgia 980# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 981# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 982# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 983# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 984# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 985# 986# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 987# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 988# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 989# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 990# 991# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 992# 993# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 994# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 995# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 996# ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 997# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 998# of integration into Europe. 999 1000# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 1001# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 1002# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 1003# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 1004# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 1005# about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 1006# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 1007# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 1008# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 1009 1010# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 1011# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 1012# Go with Byalokoz. 1013 1014# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1015Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 1016 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 1017 3:00 - +03 1957 Mar 1018 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1019 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 1992 1020 3:00 E-EurAsia +03/+04 1994 Sep lastSun 1021 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 1996 Oct lastSun 1022 4:00 1:00 +05 1997 Mar lastSun 1023 4:00 E-EurAsia +04/+05 2004 Jun 27 1024 3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 1025 4:00 - +04 1026 1027# East Timor 1028 1029# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 1030 1031# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 1032# East Timor may be late for its millennium 1033# <https://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 1034# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 1035# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 1036# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 1037# conflicts with their way of life. 1038 1039# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 1040# We don't have any record of the above attempt. 1041# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 1042 1043# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 1044# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 1045# (2000-08-16): 1046# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 1047# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 1048# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 1049# midnight on Saturday, September 16. 1050 1051# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1052Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1053 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 21 23:00 1054 9:00 - +09 1976 May 3 1055 8:00 - +08 2000 Sep 17 0:00 1056 9:00 - +09 1057 1058# India 1059 1060# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic 1061# https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/ 1062# (2015-12-22): 1063# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the 1064# outskirts of Bombay.... They were protesting the proposed abolition of 1065# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time.... Journalists called this 1066# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks." It lasted nearly half a century. 1067 1068# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20): 1069# Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India. 1070# "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic 1071# measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras 1072# (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time, 1073# and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time: 1074# 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19. 1075# "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present 1076# standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time. The citizen of 1077# Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of 1078# his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat 1079# of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change 1080# the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted 1081# Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the 1082# rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its 1083# place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement. 1084# Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55. 1085# 1086# "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the 1087# only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time, 1088# first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR).... 1089# Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their 1090# local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and 1091# Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145. 1092# 1093# Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8. 1094# https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212 1095# This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on 1096# 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530. Some 1097# municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta 1098# continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at 1099# government offices. Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or 1100# at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book). Railway time is more 1101# appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do 1102# elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was 1103# consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata. So, use railway 1104# time for 1870-1941. Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the 1105# 1941-1945 data. 1106 1107# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1108Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata 1109 5:53:20 - HMT 1870 # Howrah Mean Time? 1110 5:21:10 - MMT 1906 Jan 1 # Madras local time 1111 5:30 - IST 1941 Oct 1112 5:30 1:00 +0630 1942 May 15 1113 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 1114 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 1115 5:30 - IST 1116# Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata: 1117# Andaman Is 1118# Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 1119# Nicobar Is 1120 1121# Indonesia 1122# 1123# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06): 1124# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia 1125# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta. 1126# 1127# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 1128# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 1129# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 1130# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 1131# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 1132# 1133# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 1134# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 1135# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 1136# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 1137# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 1138# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 1139# These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 1140# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions 1141# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 1142# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 1143# (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 1144# switched on 1945-09-23. 1145# 1146# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 1147# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 1148# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 1149# when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 1150# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 1151# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 1152# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 1153# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are: 1154# 1155# WIB - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 1156# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 1157# WIT - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 1158# 1159# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1160# Java, Sumatra 1161Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 1162# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 1163# but this must be a typo. 1164 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 1165 7:20 - +0720 1932 Nov 1166 7:30 - +0730 1942 Mar 23 1167 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1168 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1169 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1170 7:30 - +0730 1964 1171 7:00 - WIB 1172# west and central Borneo 1173Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 1174 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 1175 7:30 - +0730 1942 Jan 29 1176 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1177 7:30 - +0730 1948 May 1178 8:00 - +08 1950 May 1179 7:30 - +0730 1964 1180 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 1181 7:00 - WIB 1182# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 1183Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 1184 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 1185 8:00 - +08 1942 Feb 9 1186 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 23 1187 8:00 - WITA 1188# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 1189Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 1190 9:00 - +09 1944 Sep 1 1191 9:30 - +0930 1964 1192 9:00 - WIT 1193 1194# Iran 1195 1196# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 1197# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 1198# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 1199# 1200# Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 1201# No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 1202# 1203# The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 1204# 1205# The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 1206# based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 1207# of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 1208# and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 1209# and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 1210# for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 1211# 1212# The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 1213# at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 1214# to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 1215# Shahrivar. 1216# 1217# First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 1218# 1219# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 1220# for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 1221# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 1222# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 1223# 1224# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 1225# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 1226# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 1227# leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 1228# plan to change that law.... 1229# 1230# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1231# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 1232# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 1233# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 1234# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 1235# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 1236# 1237# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1238# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1239# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1240# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1241# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1242# known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1243# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1244# no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1245# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1246# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1247# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1248# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1249# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1250# 1251# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1252# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1253# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1254# 1255# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: 1256# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1257# daylight saving time ... 1258# https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1259# 1260# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1261# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1262# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1263# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1264# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1265# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1266# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1267# thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1268# 1269# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1270Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1271Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 1272Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 - 1273Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 - 1274Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 - 1275Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1276Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1277Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1278Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1279Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1280Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1281Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1282Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1283Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1284Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1285Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1286Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1287Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1288Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1289Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1290Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1291Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1292Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1293Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1294Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1295Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1296Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1297Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1298Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1299Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1300Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1301Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1302Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1303Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1304Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1305Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1306Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1307Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1308Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1309Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1310Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1311Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1312Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1313Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1314Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1315Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 - 1316Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 1317# 1318# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038. 1319# These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the 1320# restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format. 1321# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite 1322# possibly Iran will change the rules first. 1323Rule Iran 2036 max - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 - 1324Rule Iran 2036 max - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 1325 1326# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1327Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1328 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1329 3:30 - +0330 1977 Nov 1330 4:00 Iran +04/+05 1979 1331 3:30 Iran +0330/+0430 1332 1333 1334# Iraq 1335# 1336# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1337# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1338# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1339# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1340# are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1341# 1342# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1343# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1344# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1345# to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1346# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1347# 1348# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1349 1350# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1351# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1352# news sources (in Arabic): 1353# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1354# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1355# 1356# We have published a short article in English about the change: 1357# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1358 1359# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1360Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 - 1361Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1362Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 - 1363Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 1364Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1365Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 - 1366# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1367# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1368# 1369Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 - 1370Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 - 1371# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1372Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1373 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1374 3:00 - +03 1982 May 1375 3:00 Iraq +03/+04 1376 1377 1378############################################################################### 1379 1380# Israel 1381 1382# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1383# 1384# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1385# different abbreviations in use: 1386# 1387# JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1388# IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1389# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1390# 1391# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1392# I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1393# EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1394# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1395# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1396# settings in Israeli computers. 1397# 1398# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1399# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1400# family is from India). 1401 1402# From Shanks & Pottenger: 1403# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1404Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1405Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1406Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1407Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1408Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1409Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1410Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1411Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1412Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1413Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1414Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1415Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1416Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1417Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1418Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1419Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1420Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1421Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1422Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1423Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1424Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1425Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1426Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1427Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1428Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1429Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1430Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1431Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1432Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1433Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1434Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1435Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1436Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1437Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1438Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1439Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1440Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1441Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1442 1443# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1444# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1445# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1446# ends and changes to Sunday. 1447Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1448Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1449 1450# From Ephraim Silverberg 1451# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1452# and 2005-02-17): 1453 1454# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1455# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1456# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1457# days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1458# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1459# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1460# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1461# time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1462# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1463# conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1464# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1465# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1466# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1467# 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1468# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1469# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1470# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1471# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1472# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1473# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1474# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1475# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1476 1477# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1478Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1479Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1480Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1481Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1482Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1483Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1484Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1485Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1486Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1487Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1488 1489# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1490# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1491# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1492 1493# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1494Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1495Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1496Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1497Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1498 1499# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1500# time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1501# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1502# 1503# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1504# 1505# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1506# 1507# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1508# 1509# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1510# 1511# where YYYY is the relevant year. 1512 1513# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1514Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1515Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1516Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1517Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1518Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1519Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1520Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1521Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1522 1523# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1524# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1525# years 2001-2004 as well. 1526# 1527# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1528# 1529# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1530# 1531# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1532# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1533# 1534# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1535 1536# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1537Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1538Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1539Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1540Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1541Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1542Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1543Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1544Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1545Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1546Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1547 1548# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1549# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1550# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1551# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1552# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1553# 1554# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1555# 1556# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1557 1558# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1559# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1560# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1561# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1562# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1563# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1564# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1565# 1566# Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1567# 1568# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1569# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1570# springtime transitions explicitly. 1571 1572# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1573Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1574Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1575Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1576Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1577Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1578Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1579Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1580Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1581Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1582Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1583Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1584Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1585 1586# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1587# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1588# Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1589# in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1590# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1591# 1592# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1593# in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1594 1595# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1596Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1597Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1598 1599# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1600Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1601 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1602 2:00 Zion I%sT 1603 1604 1605 1606############################################################################### 1607 1608# Japan 1609 1610# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1611 1612# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1613# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1614# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1615# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1616 1617# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 1618# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 1619# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1620# [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1621# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1622# deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1623# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1624# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1625# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1626# wanted to keep it.) 1627 1628# From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19): 1629# The source of information is Japanese law. 1630# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm 1631# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm 1632# ... In summary, it is written as follows. From 24:00 on the first Saturday 1633# in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September. 1634 1635# From Phake Nick (2018-09-27): 1636# [T]he webpage authored by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 1637# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EF.html 1638# ... mentioned that using Showa 23 (year 1948) as example, 13pm of September 1639# 11 in summer time will equal to 0am of September 12 in standard time. 1640# It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed 1641# during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation 1642# of the summer time is described in the document. 1643# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf 1644# The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at 1645# September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can 1646# change the clock before they sleep. 1647# 1648# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27): 1649# This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that. zic treats 1650# it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can 1651# do in any POSIX or C platform. The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later, 1652# which should be safe now. 1653 1654# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1655Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 1656Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S 1657Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 1658Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sat>=1 24:00 1:00 D 1659 1660# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1661# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1662# Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N. 1663# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1664# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1665# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1666# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1667 1668# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1669# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1670# which stands for the time on 135° E. 1671# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1672# standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1673# time", which stands for the time on 120° E.... But "western standard 1674# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1675# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1676# standard.... 1677# 1678# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1679# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1680 1681# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1682# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1683# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1684# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 1685# 1686# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1687# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1688# Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1689# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 1690 1691# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1692Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1693 9:00 Japan J%sT 1694# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1695 1696# Jordan 1697# 1698# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1699# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1700# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1701# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1702# all year round. 1703# 1704# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1705# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1706# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1707# by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1708# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1709# government's departments from six to seven hours. 1710# 1711# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1712# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1713# 1714# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1715# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1716# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1717# 1718# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1719# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1720# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1721# 1722 1723# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1724# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1725# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1726# 1727# Google's translation: 1728# 1729# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1730# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1731# > of the month of March of each year. 1732# 1733# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1734 1735# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1736# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1737 1738# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1739# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1740# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1741# until about the same time next year (at least). 1742# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1743 1744# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1745# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1746# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1747# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1748# Official, in Arabic: 1749# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1750# ... Our background/permalink about it 1751# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1752# ... 1753# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1754# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1755# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1756 1757# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1758# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1759 1760# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1761Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1762Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1763Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1764Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1765Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1766Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1767Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1768Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1769Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1770Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1771Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1772Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1773Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1774Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1775Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1776Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1777Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1778Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1779Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1780Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1781Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1782Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1783Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1784Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1785Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1786Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1787Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1788Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1789Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1790Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1791Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1792# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1793Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1794 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1795 1796 1797# Kazakhstan 1798 1799# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11 1800# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 1801# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1802# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1803# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1804# 1805# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1806# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1807# was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1808# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1809# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1810# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū, 1811# Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1812# everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1813# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1814 1815# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 1816# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/ 1817# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan: 1818# 1819# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR 1820# from 1991-02-04 No. 20 1821# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545 1822# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR 1823# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991. 1824# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR, 1825# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time. 1826# 1827# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers 1828# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet 1829# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its 1830# text. 1831# 1832# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20 1833# (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via 1834# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during 1835# transition to "summer" time: 1836# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova, 1837# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug 1838# were to move clocks 1 hour forward. 1839# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik 1840# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts 1841# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards. 1842# Other territories were to not move clocks. 1843# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be 1844# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding 1845# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan. 1846# 1847# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170 1848# was one of such changes. 1849# 1850# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время 1851# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that 1852# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast) 1853# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks 1854# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards. 1855# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an 1856# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not 1857# move clocks.) 1858# 1859# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while 1860# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06 1861# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth 1862# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ... 1863# 1864# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1865# from 1992-01-13 No. 28 1866# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_ 1867# (text includes modification from the 1996 act) 1868# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian 1869# 1992-01-08 act. It specified that time would be calculated 1870# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks 1871# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at 1872# 2:00, specified DST rules. It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was 1873# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the 1874# border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk 1875# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth 1876# time belt). 1877# 1878# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for 1879# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from 1880# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk).... 1881# 1882# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1883# from 1992-03-27 No. 284 1884# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_ 1885# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts 1886# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth 1887# and the fifth time belts respectively. 1888# 1889# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1890# from 1994-09-23 No. 384 1891# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_ 1892# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū 1893# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on 1894# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a 1895# result).... 1896# 1897# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1898# from 1996-05-08 No. 575 1899# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_ 1900# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead 1901# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act. 1902# 1903# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1904# from 1999-03-26 No. 305 1905# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_ 1906# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the 1907# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth 1908# time belt. 1909# 1910# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.... 1911# 1912# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1913# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749 1914# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000 1915# replaces the previous five documents. 1916# 1917# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the 1918# fourth and the fifth time belts. They account for changes in spelling 1919# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997 1920# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast 1921# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast 1922# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the 1923# fourth time belt (no change in practice). 1924# 1925# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1926# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342 1927# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_ 1928# modified the 2000-11-23 act. No relevant changes, apparently. 1929# 1930# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1931# from 2004-07-20 No. 775 1932# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004 1933# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into 1934# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not 1935# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time 1936# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07). The changes were to be implemented 1937# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically 1938# amended before implementation happened. 1939# 1940# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1941# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059 1942# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_ 1943# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time" 1944# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the 1945# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan, 1946# Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks 1947# during the 2004 transition to "winter" time. 1948# 1949# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no 1950# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to 1951# +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently) 1952# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00.... 1953# 1954# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan 1955# from 2005-03-15 No. 231 1956# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_ 1957# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the 1958# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15 1959# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication. 1960# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer 1961# time. 1962# 1963# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation 1964# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details]. 1965# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27 1966# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992. 1967 1968# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08): 1969# Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay 1970# oblast. Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone. 1971# (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations 1972# according to wikipedia.) 1973# 1974# [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/ 1975# suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on 1976# 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt. But I do not understand 1977# how that could happen.... 1978# 1979# [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree 1980# (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html 1981# and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in 1982# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03). 1983 1984# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06): 1985# The tables below reflect Golosunov's remarks, with exceptions as noted. 1986 1987# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1988# 1989# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1990# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA, 1991# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ. 1992Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1993 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 1994 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1995 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 1996 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 1997 6:00 - +06 1998# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY) 1999# This currently includes Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS); 2000# see comments below. 2001Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 2002 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2003 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2004 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2005 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2006 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2007 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2008 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2009 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2010 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2011 6:00 - +06 2012# The following zone is like Asia/Qyzylorda except for being one 2013# hour earlier from 1991-09-29 to 1992-03-29. The 1991/2 rules for 2014# Qostanay are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai 2015# reorganization, so this zone is commented out for now. 2016#Zone Asia/Qostanay 4:14:20 - LMT 1924 May 2 2017# 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2018# 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2019# 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2020# 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2021# 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2022# 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2023# 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2024# 6:00 - +06 2025# 2026# Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT) 2027Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 2028 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2029 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2030 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2031 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2032 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2033 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2034 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2035 5:00 - +05 2036# Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN) 2037# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 2038# so include timestamps before 1963. 2039Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 2040 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2041 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 2042 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2043 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2044 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2045 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1994 Sep 25 2:00s 2046 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2047 5:00 - +05 2048# Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from 2049# +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994. 2050Zone Asia/Atyrau 3:27:44 - LMT 1924 May 2 2051 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2052 5:00 - +05 1981 Oct 1 2053 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2054 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2055 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2056 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1999 Mar 28 2:00s 2057 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2058 5:00 - +05 2059# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP) 2060# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2061# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2062Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 2063 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2064 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 2065 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 2066 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 2067 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2068 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2069 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2070 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 2004 Oct 31 2:00s 2071 5:00 - +05 2072 2073# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 2074# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2075 2076# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 2077# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 2078# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 2079# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 2080# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 2081# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 2082# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 2083# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 2084 2085# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2086Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 - 2087Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2088Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 - 2089Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 2090# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2091Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 2092 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2093 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2094 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Aug 31 2:00 2095 5:00 Kyrgyz +05/+06 2005 Aug 12 2096 6:00 - +06 2097 2098############################################################################### 2099 2100# Korea (North and South) 2101 2102# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 2103# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012 2104# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it 2105# during the 1950-53 Korean War. The system was temporarily enforced 2106# between 1987 and 1988 ... 2107 2108# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29): 2109# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html 2110# According to the Korean Wikipedia 2111# https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시 2112# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC] 2113# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows.... And I checked old 2114# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia. 2115# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST 2116# started at June 1 in that year. For another example, the article in 2117# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year. 2118 2119# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2120Rule ROK 1948 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 2121Rule ROK 1948 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 2122Rule ROK 1949 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 D 2123Rule ROK 1949 1951 - Sep Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 2124Rule ROK 1950 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 2125Rule ROK 1951 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 D 2126Rule ROK 1955 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 D 2127Rule ROK 1955 only - Sep 9 0:00 0 S 2128Rule ROK 1956 only - May 20 0:00 1:00 D 2129Rule ROK 1956 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 S 2130Rule ROK 1957 1960 - May Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 D 2131Rule ROK 1957 1960 - Sep Sun>=18 0:00 0 S 2132Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 2133Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 3:00 0 S 2134 2135# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 2136# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets: 2137# 2138# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5) 2139# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367 2140# (Announcement No. 338) 2141# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17) 2142# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07) 2143# 2144# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30 2145# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.) 2146# 2147# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 2148# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 2149# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 2150# 2151# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we 2152# have no information otherwise. 2153 2154# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07): 2155# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to 2156# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example: 2157# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049 2158# 2159# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15): 2160# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations. See: 2161# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time' 2162# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html 2163# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone. 2164# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK. 2165 2166# From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29): 2167# North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang 2168# Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time). 2169# 2170# From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30): 2171# Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan. 2172# https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf 2173# ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ... Citation should be Decree 2174# No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's 2175# Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun. 2176# From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29): 2177# It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column. 2178# 2179# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-04): 2180# The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today. 2181# https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705 2182 2183# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2184Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2185 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2186 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 2187 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 2188 8:30 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 2189 9:00 ROK K%sT 2190Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1908 Apr 1 2191 8:30 - KST 1912 Jan 1 2192 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 2193 9:00 - KST 2015 Aug 15 00:00 2194 8:30 - KST 2018 May 4 23:30 2195 9:00 - KST 2196 2197############################################################################### 2198 2199# Kuwait 2200# See Asia/Riyadh. 2201 2202# Laos 2203# See Asia/Bangkok. 2204 2205 2206# Lebanon 2207# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2208Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 2209Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 2210Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 2211Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2212Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2213Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2214Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 2215Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 2216Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2217Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2218Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 2219Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2220Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2221Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 2222Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2223Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2224Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 2225Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2226Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2227Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2228Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 2229Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 2230Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2231Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 2232# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2233Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 2234 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 2235 2236# Malaysia 2237# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2238Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 - 2239Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 2240# 2241# peninsular Malaysia 2242# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2243# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2244# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2245Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2246 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2247 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 2248 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 2249 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 2250 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 2251 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2252 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 2253 8:00 - +08 2254# Sabah & Sarawak 2255# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 2256# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 2257# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 2258# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2259Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 2260 7:30 - +0730 1933 2261 8:00 NBorneo +08/+0820 1942 Feb 16 2262 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 2263 8:00 - +08 2264 2265# Maldives 2266# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2267Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Malé 2268 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Malé Mean Time 2269 5:00 - +05 2270 2271# Mongolia 2272 2273# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 2274# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 2275# (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 2276 2277# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 2278# General Information Mongolia 2279# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 2280# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 2281# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 2282# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 2283# eight hours." 2284 2285# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 2286# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 2287# being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 2288# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 2289# of implementation may have been different.... 2290# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 2291# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 2292# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 2293 2294# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 2295# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 2296# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 2297# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 2298# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 2299# is good enough for our purposes. 2300 2301# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 2302# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 2303# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 2304# there are three time zones. 2305# 2306# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 2307# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, 2308# Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi 2309# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar 2310# 2311# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 2312 2313# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 2314# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 2315# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 2316# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 2317# 2318# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 2319# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 2320# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 2321 2322# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 2323# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 2324# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 2325# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 2326# Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that 2327# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST. 2328# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 2329# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 2330# He also found 2331# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 2332# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 2333# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 2334# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 2335# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 2336# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 2337# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 2338# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 2339 2340# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 2341# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 2342# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 2343# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 2344 2345# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 2346# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 2347# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 2348# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 2349# database on this, e.g.: 2350# 2351# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 2352# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 2353# 2354# both say GMT+08:00. 2355 2356# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 2357# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 2358# schedule here: 2359# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 2360# (click the English flag for English) 2361# 2362# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 2363# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 2364# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 2365# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 2366# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 2367# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 2368 2369# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2370# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 2371# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 2372# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 2373# this is almost surely wrong. 2374 2375# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10): 2376# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use 2377# daylight saving time in Mongolia.... Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of 2378# March 2015, daylight saving time starts. And 00:00AM of last Saturday of 2379# September daylight saving time ends. Source: 2380# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969 2381 2382# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2383Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 - 2384Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2385# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 2386# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 2387# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 2388# 2389# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 2390# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place 2391# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 2392# the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 2393# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 2394# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 2395 2396# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09): 2397# Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight 2398# saving time adoption in Mongolia. Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192 2399 2400Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 - 2401Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2402# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 2403Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2404Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 2405Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2406Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 - 2407Rule Mongol 2015 2016 - Sep lastSat 0:00 0 - 2408 2409# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2410# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 2411Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 2412 6:00 - +06 1978 2413 7:00 Mongol +07/+08 2414# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 2415Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 2416 7:00 - +07 1978 2417 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2418# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 2419# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 2420Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 2421 7:00 - +07 1978 2422 8:00 - +08 1983 Apr 2423 9:00 Mongol +09/+10 2008 Mar 31 2424 8:00 Mongol +08/+09 2425 2426# Nepal 2427# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2428Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 2429 5:30 - +0530 1986 2430 5:45 - +0545 2431 2432# Oman 2433# See Asia/Dubai. 2434 2435# Pakistan 2436 2437# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 2438# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 2439# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 2440# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 2441# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 2442# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 2443 2444# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 2445# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: 2446# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 2447# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 2448# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 2449# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 2450# 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 2451# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 2452# it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 2453# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 2454# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 2455 2456# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 2457# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 2458# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 2459 2460# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 2461# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 2462# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 2463# 2464# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 2465# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 2466# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 2467# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 2468# 2469# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 2470# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 2471 2472# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2473# 2474# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 2475# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 2476# 2477# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 2478# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 2479# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 2480# 2481# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 2482# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 2483 2484# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2485# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 2486 2487# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2488# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 2489# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 2490# instead of August 31. 2491# 2492# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 2493# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 2494 2495# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 2496# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 2497# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 2498# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 2499# official working." 2500# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2501# 2502# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2503# introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2504# 2505# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2506# April 08, 2009 2507# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2508# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2509# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2510# 2511# .... 2512# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2513# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2514# conserve energy" 2515 2516# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2517# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2518# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2519# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2520# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2521# this regard." 2522# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2523 2524# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2525# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2526# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 2527# October 1, 2009. 2528# 2529# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2530# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2531# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2532# 2533# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2534# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2535# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2536# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2537# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2538# Monday." 2539# 2540# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2541# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2542# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2543# obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2544# 2545# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2546# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2547# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2548 2549# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): 2550# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2551# will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2552 2553# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2554# Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2555# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2556# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2557# > 2558# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2559# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2560# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2561# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2562# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2563# 2564# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2565# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2566# 2567# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2568# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2569 2570# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2571Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2572Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2573Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2574Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2575Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2576 2577# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2578Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2579 5:30 - +0530 1942 Sep 2580 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 15 2581 5:30 - +0530 1951 Sep 30 2582 5:00 - +05 1971 Mar 26 2583 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 2584 2585# Palestine 2586 2587# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 2588# 2589# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 2590# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 2591# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 2592# 2593# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2594# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2595# time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2596# though. 2597# 2598# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2599# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2600# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2601# Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2602# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2603# East Jerusalem. 2604# 2605# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2606# for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2607# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2608# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2609# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2610# 2611# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2612# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2613# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2614# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2615# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2616# Jordanian one). 2617# 2618# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2619# 2620# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2621# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2622# Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2623# West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2624# Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2625# 2626# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2627# have one). 2628 2629# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2630# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2631# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2632# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2633# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2634# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2635# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2636# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2637# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2638# to Palestine's rules. 2639 2640# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2641# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2642# 2643# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2644# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2645# one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2646# the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2647 2648# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2649# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2650# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 2651# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2652# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2653# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2654# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2655# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2656 2657# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2658# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2659 2660# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2661# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2662# the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2663# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2664# earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2665 2666# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2667# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2668# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2669# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2670# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2671# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2672# the West Bank. 2673 2674# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2675# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2676# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2677# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2678# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2679# > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2680# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2681# because of the Ramadan. 2682 2683# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2684# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2685# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2686 2687# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2688# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2689# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2690# surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2691# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2692# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2693 2694# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2695# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2696# 2697# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2698# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2699# 2700# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2701# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2702# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2703 2704# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2705# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2706# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2707# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2708# 2709# (in Arabic) 2710# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2711# 2712# (English translation) 2713# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2714 2715# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2716# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2717# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2718# 2719# One news source: 2720# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2721# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2722# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2723# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2724# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2725# minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2726# 2727# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2728# end date, we will keep this page updated: 2729# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2730 2731# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2732# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2733# 2734# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2735# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2736# 2737# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2738# (from Palestinian National Authority): 2739# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2740# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2741 2742# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2743# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2744# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2745# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2746# 2747# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2748# (in Arabic) 2749# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2750 2751# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2752# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2753# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2754# noon though: 2755# 2756# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2757# (Ma'an News Agency) 2758# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2759# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2760 2761# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2762# According to several sources, including 2763# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2764# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2765# Gaza and the West Bank. 2766# Some more background info: 2767# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2768 2769# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2770# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2771# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2772# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2773# Ramadan. 2774# 2775# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2776# Additional info: 2777# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2778 2779# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2780# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2781# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2782# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2783# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2784# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2785# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2786# ... 2787# https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2788# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2789# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 2790 2791# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2792# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2793# 00:00). 2794# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2795# 2796# Many sources, including: 2797# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2798 2799# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2800# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2801# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2802# Some of many sources in Arabic: 2803# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2804# 2805# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2806# 2807# Our brief summary: 2808# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2809 2810# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2811# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2812# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2813# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2814# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2815# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2816 2817# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2818# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2819# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2820# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2821# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2822# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2823# official source...: 2824# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2825 2826# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03): 2827# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257 2828# and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will 2829# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected. 2830# 2831# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03): 2832# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014 2833# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00. 2834 2835# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09): 2836# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728 2837# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight 2838# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning, 2839# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead." 2840 2841# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19): 2842# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on 2843# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf 2844# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00. 2845# 2846# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19): 2847# Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on. 2848# This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring 2849# predictions. 2850# 2851# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19): 2852# It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today: 2853# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza 2854# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron 2855 2856# From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16): 2857# Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 by advancing the 2858# clock by 60 minutes as per Palestinian cabinet decision published on 2859# the official website, though the decree did not specify the exact 2860# time of the time shift. 2861# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817 2862# 2863# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-16): 2864# For 2016 on, predict spring transitions on March's fourth Saturday at 01:00. 2865 2866# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2867Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2868Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2869Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2870Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2871Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2872Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2873 2874Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2875Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2876Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2877Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2878Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2879Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2880Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2881Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2882Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2883Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2884Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2885Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2886Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2887Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2888Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2889Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2890Rule Palestine 2012 2014 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2891Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2892Rule Palestine 2013 only - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2893Rule Palestine 2014 2015 - Oct Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2894Rule Palestine 2015 only - Mar lastFri 24:00 1:00 S 2895Rule Palestine 2016 max - Mar Sat>=22 1:00 1:00 S 2896Rule Palestine 2016 max - Oct lastSat 1:00 0 - 2897 2898# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2899Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2900 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 2901 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2902 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2903 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2904 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2905 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2906 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2907 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2908 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2909 2:00 - EET 2012 2910 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2911 2912Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2913 2:00 Zion EET/EEST 1948 May 15 2914 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2915 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2916 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2917 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2918 2919# Paracel Is 2920# no information 2921 2922# Philippines 2923# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the 2924# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2925# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 2926# History of the International Date Line 2927# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 2928# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2929 2930# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2931# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2932# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2933# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2934# but no details] 2935 2936# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 2937# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 2938# March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 2939# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 2940# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 2941# Philippine Star 2014-08-05 2942# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 2943 2944# From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15): 2945# In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535 2946# which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time". 2947# The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although 2948# the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish 2949# it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)." 2950# [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/ 2951# [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535 2952# 2953# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19): 2954# I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is 2955# more popular among reliable English-language news sources. This is 2956# not just a measure of Google hit counts: it's also the sizes and 2957# influence of the sources. There is no current abbreviation for DST, 2958# so use "PDT", the usual American style. 2959 2960# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2961Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 D 2962Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 S 2963Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 D 2964Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 S 2965Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 2966Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 2967# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2968Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2969 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2970 8:00 Phil P%sT 1942 May 2971 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2972 8:00 Phil P%sT 2973 2974# Qatar 2975# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2976Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2977 4:00 - +04 1972 Jun 2978 3:00 - +03 2979Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain 2980 2981# Saudi Arabia 2982# 2983# From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29): 2984# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 2985# standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it 2986# has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 2987# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 2988# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 2989# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 2990# o'clock for "Arab" time). 2991# 2992# Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi 2993# Arabia you were in. In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common 2994# practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset - 2995# which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from 2996# the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm 2997# instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they 2998# used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line 2999# Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western. 3000# (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.) Antar writes, 3001# "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power 3002# station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he 3003# assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he 3004# shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is 3005# going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did." See: 3006# Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3. 3007# http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm 3008# newspapers.com says a similar story about Higgins was published in the Port 3009# Angeles (WA) Evening News, 1965-03-10, page 5, but I lack access to the text. 3010# 3011# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 3012# we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 3013# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 3014# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 3015# Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 3016# earlier date. 3017# 3018# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 3019# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of 3020# the country. Presumably this is documenting airline time. Ignore this, 3021# as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 3022# 3023# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3024Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 3025 3:00 - +03 3026Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden # Yemen 3027Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait 3028 3029# Singapore 3030# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 3031# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 3032# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3033Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 3034 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 3035 7:00 - +07 1933 Jan 1 3036 7:00 0:20 +0720 1936 Jan 1 3037 7:20 - +0720 1941 Sep 1 3038 7:30 - +0730 1942 Feb 16 3039 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 12 3040 7:30 - +0730 1982 Jan 1 3041 8:00 - +08 3042 3043# Spratly Is 3044# no information 3045 3046# Sri Lanka 3047 3048# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 3049# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 3050# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 3051# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 3052# Shanks and Pottenger. 3053 3054# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 3055# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 3056# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 3057# no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 3058# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 3059# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 3060# 3061# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 3062# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 3063# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 3064# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 3065# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 3066 3067# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 3068# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 3069# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 3070# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 3071 3072# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 3073# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 3074# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 3075# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 3076# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 3077# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 3078# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 3079# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 3080 3081# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19): 3082# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units, 3083# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka 3084# standard time is SLST. 3085# 3086# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18): 3087# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time 3088# zone nerd sources. I searched Google News and found three uses of 3089# it in the International Business Times of India in February and 3090# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing 3091# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in 3092# other English-language news sources. Our old abbreviation "LKT" is 3093# even worse. For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can 3094# switch to "SLST" if it catches on. 3095 3096# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3097Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 3098 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 3099 5:30 - +0530 1942 Jan 5 3100 5:30 0:30 +06 1942 Sep 3101 5:30 1:00 +0630 1945 Oct 16 2:00 3102 5:30 - +0530 1996 May 25 0:00 3103 6:30 - +0630 1996 Oct 26 0:30 3104 6:00 - +06 2006 Apr 15 0:30 3105 5:30 - +0530 3106 3107# Syria 3108# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3109Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 3110Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 3111Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 3112Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3113Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 3114Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3115Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3116Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3117Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 3118Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3119Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 3120Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 3121Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 3122Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3123Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 3124Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 3125Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 3126Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 3127Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 3128Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3129Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 3130Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 3131Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 3132Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3133Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3134Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 3135Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 3136Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 3137# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 3138# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 3139# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 3140# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 3141# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 3142# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 3143Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3144Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 3145Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 3146Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 3147# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 3148# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 3149# this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 3150Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 3151# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 3152# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 3153# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 3154Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3155# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): 3156# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 3157# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 3158# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 3159# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 3160# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 3161# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 3162# 3163# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 3164# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: 3165# 3166# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 3167# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 3168# 3169# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 3170# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 3171# 3172# which using Google's translate tools says: 3173# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 3174# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 3175# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 3176Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 3177 3178# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 3179# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 3180# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 3181# Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 3182# Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 3183# Variation 3184# Syrian Arab 3185# Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 3186# 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 3187# 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 3188 3189# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 3190# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 3191# Agency (SANA)... 3192# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 3193# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 3194# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 3195# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 3196# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 3197# shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 3198 3199# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3200# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 3201# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 3202# compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 3203# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 3204 3205# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 3206# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 3207# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 3208# 3209# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 3210# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 3211# clocks back 60 minutes). 3212# 3213# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 3214 3215# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 3216# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 3217# two examples: 3218# 3219# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 3220# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 3221# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 3222# (Arabic, gov-site) 3223# 3224# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 3225# 3226# Our summary 3227# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 3228 3229# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 3230# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 3231# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 3232# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 3233# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 3234 3235# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 3236# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 3237# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 3238# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 3239 3240# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 3241# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 3242# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 3243# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 3244# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 3245 3246# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 3247# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 3248# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 3249# 3250# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 3251# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 3252# 3253# Our brief summary: 3254# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 3255 3256# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 3257# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 3258 3259Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3260Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 3261Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3262Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 3263Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 3264Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 3265 3266# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3267Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 3268 2:00 Syria EE%sT 3269 3270# Tajikistan 3271# From Shanks & Pottenger. 3272# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3273Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 3274 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3275 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3276 5:00 1:00 +05/+06 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 3277 5:00 - +05 3278 3279# Thailand 3280# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3281Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 3282 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 3283 7:00 - +07 3284Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh # Cambodia 3285Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane # Laos 3286 3287# Turkmenistan 3288# From Shanks & Pottenger. 3289# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3290Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 3291 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3292 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3293 4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00 3294 5:00 - +05 3295 3296# United Arab Emirates 3297# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3298Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 3299 4:00 - +04 3300Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat # Oman 3301 3302# Uzbekistan 3303# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 3304# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3305Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 3306 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 3307 5:00 - +05 1981 Apr 1 3308 5:00 1:00 +06 1981 Oct 1 3309 6:00 - +06 1982 Apr 1 3310 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3311 5:00 - +05 3312# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 3313Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 3314 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 3315 6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00 3316 5:00 RussiaAsia +05/+06 1992 3317 5:00 - +05 3318 3319# Vietnam 3320 3321# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04): 3322# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 3323# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 3324# from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 3325# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906. 3326 3327# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 3328# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 3329# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 3330 3331# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân: 3332# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)" 3333# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50, 3334# is quoted verbatim in: 3335# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01 3336# is translated by Brian Inglis in: 3337# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html 3338# and is the basis for the information below. 3339# 3340# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to 3341# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris. 3342# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or 3343# the Paris Meridian (2° 20' 14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333... 3344# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30, 3345# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory 3346# is closer to 07:06:31. Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT. 3347# 3348# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954) 3349# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954): 3350# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01. 3351# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00. 3352# To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00. 3353# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam. 3354# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina. 3355# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam. 3356# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam. 3357# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam. 3358# 3359# Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above. 3360# 3361# Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội, 3362# No. 9, Paris, February 1982. 3363# 3364# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)", 3365# NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000. 3366# 3367# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu", 3368# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995. 3369 3370# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3371Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jul 1 3372 7:06:30 - PLMT 1911 May 1 # Phù Liễn MT 3373 7:00 - +07 1942 Dec 31 23:00 3374 8:00 - +08 1945 Mar 14 23:00 3375 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 2 3376 7:00 - +07 1947 Apr 1 3377 8:00 - +08 1955 Jul 1 3378 7:00 - +07 1959 Dec 31 23:00 3379 8:00 - +08 1975 Jun 13 3380 7:00 - +07 3381 3382# Yemen 3383# See Asia/Riyadh. 3384
