1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 10# 11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 15# 16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 22# 23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25# I found in the UCLA library. 26# 27# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 28# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 29# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 30# 31# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 32# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 33# 34# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 35# for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 36# but Mark R V Murray reports that 37# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 38# 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 39# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 40# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 41# He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference. 42# 43# To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 44# I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 45# and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 46# This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 47# mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 48# 49# To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 50# -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 51# 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 52# 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 53# 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 54# and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 55# 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 56# I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 57# for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 58# until we get more information. 59# 60# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 61# 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 62# 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 63# 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 64# 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 65# 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 66# 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 67 68# Algeria 69# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 70Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 71Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 72Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 73Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 75Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 77Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 78Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 79Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 80Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 81Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 82Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 83Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 84Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 85Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 86Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 87Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 88Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 89Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 90Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 91Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 92# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 93# more precise 0:09:21. 94# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 95Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 96 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 98 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 99 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 100 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 101 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 102 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 103 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 104 1:00 - CET 105 106# Angola 107# Benin 108# See Africa/Lagos. 109 110# Botswana 111# See Africa/Maputo. 112 113# Burkina Faso 114# See Africa/Abidjan. 115 116# Burundi 117# See Africa/Maputo. 118 119# Cameroon 120# See Africa/Lagos. 121 122# Cape Verde 123# 124# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT. 125# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 126# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 127# merely made it official? 128# 129# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 130Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 131 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 132 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 133 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 134 -1:00 - CVT 135 136# Central African Republic 137# See Africa/Lagos. 138 139# Chad 140# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 141Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 142 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 143 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 144 1:00 - WAT 145 146# Comoros 147# See Africa/Nairobi. 148 149# Democratic Republic of the Congo 150# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 151 152# Republic of the Congo 153# See Africa/Lagos. 154 155# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 156# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 157Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 158 0:00 - GMT 159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 162Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 163Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 164Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 165Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 166Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 167Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe 168Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 169 170# Djibouti 171# See Africa/Nairobi. 172 173############################################################################### 174 175# Egypt 176 177# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 178# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 179# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 180# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 181 182# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 183Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 184Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 185Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 186Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 187Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 188Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 189Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 190Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 191Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 192Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 193Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 194Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 195Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 196Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 197Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 198Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 199Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 200Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 201Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 202# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 203# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 204 205# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 206# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 207# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 208# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 209# 210# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 211# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 212# or 213# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 214Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 215Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 216# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 217# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 218# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 219# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 220# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 221Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 222# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 223# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 224# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 225# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 226# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 227# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 228# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 229# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 230Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 231# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 232# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 233# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 234# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 235# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 236# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 237# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 238# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 239# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 240 241# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 242# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 243# 244# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 245# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 246# Apr 23 247# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 248# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 249# Apr 24 250# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 251# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 252# Aug 27 253# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 254# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 255# Aug 27 256# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 257# 258# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 259# :59) 260# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 261# 262# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 263# 264# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 265# [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 266# [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 267 268# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 269# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 270# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 271# in September. 272 273# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 274# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 275# Information and Decision Support Center: 276# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 277# 278# The Middle East News Agency 279# http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 280# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 281# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 282# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 283# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 284# (at least today). 285 286# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 287# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 288# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 289# Ramadan. 290# 291# Arabic translation: 292# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 293# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 294# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 295 296# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 297# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 298# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 299 300# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 301# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 302 303# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 304# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 305# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 306# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 307# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 308# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 309# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 310# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 311# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 312# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 313# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 314# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 315 316# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 317# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 318# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 319# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 320# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 321# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 322 323# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 324# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 325# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 326# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 327# dates not yet announced.... 328# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 329# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 330 331# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 332# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 333# least for 2015. 334# 335# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 336# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 337# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 338# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 339# practice altogether in future years." 340# 341# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 342# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 343# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 344# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 345 346# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 347# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 348# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 349# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 350# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 351 352Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 353Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 354Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 355Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 356Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 357Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 358Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 359Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 360Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 361 362# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 363Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 364 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 365 366# Equatorial Guinea 367# See Africa/Lagos. 368 369# Eritrea 370# Ethiopia 371# See Africa/Nairobi. 372 373# Gabon 374# See Africa/Lagos. 375 376# Gambia 377# See Africa/Abidjan. 378 379# Ghana 380# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 381# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 382# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 383# and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 384# Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 385# 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 386# For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 387Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 388Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 389# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 390Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 391 0:00 Ghana %s 392 393# Guinea 394# See Africa/Abidjan. 395 396# Guinea-Bissau 397# 398# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 399# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 400# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 401# with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01. 402# 403# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 404Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 405 -1:00 - WAT 1975 406 0:00 - GMT 407 408# Kenya 409# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 410Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 411 3:00 - EAT 1930 412 2:30 - BEAT 1940 413 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 414 3:00 - EAT 415Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 416Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 417Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 418Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 419Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 420Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 421Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 422Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 423Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 424 425# Lesotho 426# See Africa/Johannesburg. 427 428# Liberia 429# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 430# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 431# from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 432# Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 433# Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 434# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 435# For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 436# Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 437# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 438Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 439 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 440 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 441 0:00 - GMT 442 443############################################################################### 444 445# Libya 446 447# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 448# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 449# http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 450# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 451# 452# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 453# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 454# 455# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 456# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 457# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 458# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 459# lastFri instead of lastSun). 460 461# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 462# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 463# cancelled yesterday.... 464# http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 465# 466# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 467# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 468 469# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 470Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 471Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 472Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 473Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 474Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 475Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 476Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 477Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 478Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 479Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 480Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 481Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 482Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 483Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 484Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 485Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 486Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 487# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 488Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 489 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 490 2:00 - EET 1982 491 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 492# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 493# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 494 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 495 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 496 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 497 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 498 2:00 - EET 499 500# Madagascar 501# See Africa/Nairobi. 502 503# Malawi 504# See Africa/Maputo. 505 506# Mali 507# Mauritania 508# See Africa/Abidjan. 509 510# Mauritius 511 512# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 513# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 514# basis.... 515# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 516# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 517# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 518 519# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 520# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 521 522# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 523# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 524# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 525# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 526 527# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 528# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 529 530# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 531# According to 532# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 533# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 534# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 535# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 536# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 537# 538# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 539# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 540# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 541# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 542# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 543# changes two days later. 544 545# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 546# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 547# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 548# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 549# 550# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 551# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 552# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 553# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 554 555# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 556# The Government of Mauritius weblink 557# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 558# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 559# 560# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 561# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 562# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 563# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 564# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 565# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 566# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 567# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 568# and end on 29 March 2009. 569 570# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 571# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 572# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 573# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 574# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 575 576# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 577# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 578# DST the coming summer... 579# 580# Some sources, in French: 581# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 582# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 583# 584# Our wrap-up: 585# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 586 587# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 588# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 589# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 590# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 591 592# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 593Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 594Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 595Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 596Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 597# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 598Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 599 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 600# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 601# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 602 603# Mayotte 604# See Africa/Nairobi. 605 606# Morocco 607# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 608 609# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 610# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 611# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 612# 613# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 614# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 615# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 616# 617# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 618# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 619 620# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 621# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 622# Presse: 623# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 624# 625# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 626# spokesman. 627 628# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 629# According to this article: 630# http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 631# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 632# the changes occur at midnight: 633# 634# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 635# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 636# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 637# 638# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 639# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 640# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 641# June 1st to Sept 27th. 642# 643# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 644# published on the web. 645# 646# It's also confirmed here: 647# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 648# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 649# posted in English). 650# 651# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 652# http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 653 654# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 655# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 656# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 657# of September: 658# 659# One article about it (in French): 660# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 661# 662# We have some further details posted here: 663# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 664 665# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 666# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 667# to many sources, such as 668# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 669# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 670# (French) 671# 672# Our summary: 673# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 674 675# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 676# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 677# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 678# 679# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 680# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 681# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 682# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 683# 684# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 685# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 686 687# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 688# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 689# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 690# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 691# 692# Example: 693# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 694# (French) 695# Our page: 696# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 697 698# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 699# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 700# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 701# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 702# ...Official links of change in morocco 703# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 704# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 705# +212.537.71.84.00 706# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 707# They said that 708# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 709# is the official publication to look at. 710# They said that the decision was already taken. 711# 712# More articles in the press 713# http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 714# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 715# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 716 717# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 718# They have it written in English here: 719# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 720# 721# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 722# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 723# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 724# also been like that in the past. 725 726# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 727# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 728# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 729# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 730# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 731# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 732# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 733# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 734# except the month of Ramadan. 735# or (brief) 736# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 737 738# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 739# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 740# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 741# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 742# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 743# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 744 745# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 746# Seen Morocco change again: 747# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 748# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 749# comme annoncé précédemment." 750 751# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 752# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 753# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 754# 755# Google translation, lightly edited: 756# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 757# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 758# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 759# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 760# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 761# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 762# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 763# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 764# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 765 766# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 767# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 768# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 769# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 770# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 771# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 772 773# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 774# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 775# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 776# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 777 778# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 779# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 780# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 781# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 782# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 783# source (French): 784# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 785# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 786# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 787 788# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 789# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 790 791# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 792# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 793# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 794# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 795# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 796 797# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 798# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 799# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 800# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 801# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 802# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 803# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 804# Source (french): 805# http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 806# 807# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 808# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 809# 810# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 811# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 812# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 813# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 814# <http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 815# with the patch. 816 817# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08): 818# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules, 819# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 820# Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after 821# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were 822# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 823# results integrated by hand into the table below. 824# (let ((islamic-year 1437)) 825# (require 'cal-islam) 826# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 827# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 828# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 829# (sunday 0)) 830# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 831# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 832# (setq b (1+ b))) 833# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 834# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 835# (insert 836# (format 837# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 838# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 839# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 840# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 841# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 842 843# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 844 845Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 846Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 847Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 848Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 849Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 850Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 851Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 852Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 853Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 854Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 855Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 856Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 857Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 858Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 859Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 860Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 861Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 862Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 863Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 864Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 865Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 866Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 867Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 868Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 869Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 870Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 871Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 872Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 873Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 874Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 875Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 876Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 877Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 878Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 879Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S 880Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 881Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S 882Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 883Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S 884Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 885Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S 886Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 - 887Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S 888Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 - 889Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S 890Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 - 891Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S 892Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S 893Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S 894Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S 895Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S 896Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 897Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 - 898Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 - 899 900# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 901Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 902 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 903 1:00 - CET 1986 904 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 905 906# Western Sahara 907# 908# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 909# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 910# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 911# Morocco does. 912# 913# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 914# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 915# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 916 917Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 918 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 919 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 920 921# Mozambique 922# 923# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 924# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 925# http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 926# merely made it official? 927# 928# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 929Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 930 2:00 - CAT 931Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 932Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 933Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 934Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 935Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 936Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 937Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 938 939# Namibia 940# The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 941# Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 942 943# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 944# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 945# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 946# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 947# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 948# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 949# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 950# of the country. 951# 952# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 953# Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 954# we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 955 956# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 957Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 958Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 959# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 960Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 961 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 962 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 963 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 964 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 965 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 966 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 967 968# Niger 969# See Africa/Lagos. 970 971# Nigeria 972# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 973Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 974 1:00 - WAT 975Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 976Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 977Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 978Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 979Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 980Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 981Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 982Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 983Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 984 985# Réunion 986# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 987Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 988 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time 989# 990# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 991# 992# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. 993# The following information about them is taken from 994# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 995# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 996# We have no info about their time zone histories. 997# 998# Bassas da India - uninhabited 999# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1000# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1001# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1002# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1003 1004# Rwanda 1005# See Africa/Maputo. 1006 1007# St Helena 1008# See Africa/Abidjan. 1009# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1010# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1011# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1012# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1013# on GMT, says the CIA 1014# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1015 1016# São Tomé and Príncipe 1017# Senegal 1018# See Africa/Abidjan. 1019 1020# Seychelles 1021# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1022Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1023 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1024# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1025# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1026# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1027# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1028# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1029# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1030 1031# Sierra Leone 1032# See Africa/Abidjan. 1033 1034# Somalia 1035# See Africa/Nairobi. 1036 1037# South Africa 1038# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1039Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1040Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1041# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1042Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1043 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1044 2:00 SA SAST 1045Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1046Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1047# 1048# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1049# scientific station since 1947 1050# no information 1051 1052# Sudan 1053# 1054# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1055# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1056# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1057# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1058# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1059# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1060# 1061# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1062Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1063Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1064Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1065Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1066# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1067Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1068 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1069 3:00 - EAT 1070 1071# South Sudan 1072Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1073 1074# Swaziland 1075# See Africa/Johannesburg. 1076 1077# Tanzania 1078# See Africa/Nairobi. 1079 1080# Togo 1081# See Africa/Abidjan. 1082 1083# Tunisia 1084 1085# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1086# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1087# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1088# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1089# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1090# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1091# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1092# Saturday." (My translation) 1093# 1094# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1095# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1096# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1097# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1098# 1h standard time. 1099# 1100# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1101# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1102# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1103# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1104# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1105 1106# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1107# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1108# (Arabic) 1109# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1110# http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1111# 1112# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1113# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1114# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1115 1116# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1117# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1118# 1119# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1120# 1121# (in English) 1122# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1123# 1124# (in Arabic) 1125# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1126 1127# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1128# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1129# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1130# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1131# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1132# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1133 1134# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1135# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1136# 1137# (translation): 1138# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1139# Sunday... 1140# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1141# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1142# 1143# (in Arabic) 1144# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1145# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1146# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1147 1148# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1149Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1150Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1151Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1152Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1153Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1154Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1155Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1156Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1157Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1158Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1159Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1160Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1161Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1162Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1163Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1164Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1165Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1166Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1167Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1168Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1169Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1170Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1171Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1172Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1173Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1174 1175# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1176# more precise 0:09:21. 1177# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1178# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1179Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1180 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1181 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1182 1183# Uganda 1184# See Africa/Nairobi. 1185 1186# Zambia 1187# Zimbabwe 1188# See Africa/Maputo. 1189