xref: /illumos-gate/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/africa (revision 06965442)
1# tzdb data for Africa and environs
2
3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5
6# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
7# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
8# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
9# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
10
11# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27):
12#
13# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
14# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
15# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
16# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
17#
18# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
19# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
20# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
21# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
22# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
23# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
24#
25# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
26# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
27# I found in the UCLA library.
28#
29# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
30# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
31# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
32#
33# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
34# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
35# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
36# for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
37# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
38# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
39# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
40# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
41# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
42#
43# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
44#	 +00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
45#	 +02	CAT	Central Africa Time
46#	 +02	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
47# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
48#	 +01	WAT	West Africa Time
49# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
50# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
51# cannot now come up with solid citations.
52#
53# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s:
54#	 +02	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
55#	 +03	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time
56#	 +03	SAST	South Africa Summer Time
57#	 +03	EAT	East Africa Time
58# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though
59# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps,
60# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
61# Corrections are welcome.
62
63# Algeria
64# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
65Rule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
66Rule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
67Rule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
68Rule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
69Rule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
70Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
71Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
72Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
73Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
74Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
75Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
76Rule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
77Rule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
78Rule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
79Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
80Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
81Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
82Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
83Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
84Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
85Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
86Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
87# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions.
88# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
89Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 16
90			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
91			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25  2:00
92			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
93			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
94			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
95			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
96			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
97			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
98			1:00	-	CET
99
100# Angola
101# Benin
102# See Africa/Lagos.
103
104# Botswana
105# See Africa/Maputo.
106
107# Burkina Faso
108# See Africa/Abidjan.
109
110# Burundi
111# See Africa/Maputo.
112
113# Cameroon
114# See Africa/Lagos.
115
116# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
117#
118# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
119# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
120# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
121# (see Europe/Lisbon).
122#
123# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
124Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1912 Jan 01  2:00u # Praia
125			-2:00	-	-02	1942 Sep
126			-2:00	1:00	-01	1945 Oct 15
127			-2:00	-	-02	1975 Nov 25  2:00
128			-1:00	-	-01
129
130# Central African Republic
131# See Africa/Lagos.
132
133# Chad
134# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
135Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912        # N'Djamena
136			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
137			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
138			1:00	-	WAT
139
140# Comoros
141# See Africa/Nairobi.
142
143# Democratic Republic of the Congo
144# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
145
146# Republic of the Congo
147# See Africa/Lagos.
148
149# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
150# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
151Zone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
152			 0:00	-	GMT
153Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Accra	# Ghana
154Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako	# Mali
155Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul	# The Gambia
156Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry	# Guinea
157Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar	# Senegal
158Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown	# Sierra Leone
159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome		# Togo
160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott	# Mauritania
161Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou	# Burkina Faso
162Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena	# St Helena
163
164# Djibouti
165# See Africa/Nairobi.
166
167###############################################################################
168
169# Egypt
170
171# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
172# observatory; round to nearest.  Milne also says that the official time for
173# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
174# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
175
176# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
177Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
178Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
179Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
180Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
181Rule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
182Rule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
183Rule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
184Rule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
185Rule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
186Rule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
187Rule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
188Rule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
189Rule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
190Rule	Egypt	1966	1994	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
191Rule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
192Rule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
193Rule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
194Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
195Rule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
196# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
197# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
198
199# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
200# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
201# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
202# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
203#
204# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
205# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
206# or
207# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
208Rule	Egypt	1995	2010	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
209Rule	Egypt	1995	2005	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
210# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
211# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
212# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
213# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
214# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
215Rule	Egypt	2006	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
216# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
217# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
218# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
219# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
220# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
221# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
222# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
223# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
224Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	24:00	0	-
225# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
226# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
227# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
228# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
229# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
230# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
231# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
232# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
233# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
234
235# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
236# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
237#
238# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
239# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
240# Apr 23
241# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
242# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
243# Apr 24
244# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
245# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
246# Aug 27
247# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
248# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
249# Aug 27
250# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
251#
252# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
253# :59)
254# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
255#
256# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
257#
258# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
259# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
260# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
261
262# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
263# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
264# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
265# in September.
266
267# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
268# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
269# Information and Decision Support Center:
270# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
271#
272# The Middle East News Agency
273# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
274# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
275# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
276# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
277# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
278# (at least today).
279
280# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
281# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
282# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
283# Ramadan.
284#
285# Arabic translation:
286# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
287# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
288# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
289
290# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
291# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
292# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
293
294# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
295# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
296
297# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
298# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
299# in Egypt.  The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
300# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
301# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
302# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
303# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
304# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
305# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
306# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014."  This statement has been
307# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
308# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
309
310# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
311# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
312# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
313# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  There is
314# no information about when DST will end this fall.  See:
315# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
316
317# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
318# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
319# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
320# Thursday of April....  Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
321# dates not yet announced....
322# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
323# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
324
325# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
326# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
327# least for 2015.
328#
329# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
330# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
331# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
332# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
333# practice altogether in future years."
334#
335# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
336# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
337# decision to abandon DST permanently.  See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
338# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
339
340# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
341# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
342# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
343# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
344# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
345
346Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	24:00	0	-
347Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	24:00	0	-
348Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Aug	10	24:00	0	-
349Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	 9	24:00	1:00	S
350Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
351Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	May	15	24:00	1:00	S
352Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jun	26	24:00	0	-
353Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jul	31	24:00	1:00	S
354Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
355
356# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
357Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:09 -	LMT	1900 Oct
358			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
359
360# Equatorial Guinea
361# See Africa/Lagos.
362
363# Eritrea
364# See Africa/Nairobi.
365
366# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)
367# See Africa/Johannesburg.
368
369# Ethiopia
370# See Africa/Nairobi.
371#
372# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia,
373# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian
374# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time.  See:
375# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double
376# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05.
377# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time
378
379# Gabon
380# See Africa/Lagos.
381
382# The Gambia
383# Ghana
384# Guinea
385# See Africa/Abidjan.
386
387# Guinea-Bissau
388#
389# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
390# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
391# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
392# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect.
393#
394# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
395Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  1:00u
396			-1:00	-	-01	1975
397			 0:00	-	GMT
398
399# Kenya
400
401# From P Chan (2020-10-24):
402#
403# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate....
404# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274]
405# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274
406#
407# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward
408# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928.
409# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf
410# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Offical Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813]
411# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813
412#
413# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance,
414# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930.
415# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701]
416# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701
417#
418# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45
419# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936.
420# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705]
421# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705
422#
423# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time
424# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942.
425# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331]
426# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331
427# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later
428# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948.
429# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations.
430# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31]
431# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101)
432# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt
433# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December.
434# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787
435# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294]
436# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294
437
438# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24):
439# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date,
440# so just say "1908 May".
441
442# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
443Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1908 May
444			2:30	-	+0230	1928 Jun 30 24:00
445			3:00	-	EAT	1930 Jan  4 24:00
446			2:30	-	+0230	1936 Dec 31 24:00
447			2:45	-	+0245	1942 Jul 31 24:00
448			3:00	-	EAT
449Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa	 # Ethiopia
450Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara	 # Eritrea
451Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
452Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
453Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala	 # Uganda
454Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu	 # Somalia
455Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo	 # Madagascar
456Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
457Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
458
459# Lesotho
460# See Africa/Johannesburg.
461
462# Liberia
463#
464# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
465#
466# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
467#
468# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset
469# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.  The 1972 change was on
470# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
471# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
472# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
473# Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
474#
475# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric
476# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
477#
478# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
479Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
480			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
481			-0:44:30 -	MMT	1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
482			 0:00	-	GMT
483
484###############################################################################
485
486# Libya
487
488# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
489# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
490# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
491# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
492#
493# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
494# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
495#
496# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
497# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
498# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
499# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
500# lastFri instead of lastSun).
501
502# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
503# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
504# cancelled yesterday....
505# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
506#
507# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
508# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
509
510# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
511Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
512Rule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
513Rule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
514Rule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
515Rule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
516Rule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
517Rule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
518Rule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
519Rule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
520Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
521Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
522Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
523Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
524Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
525Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
526Rule	Libya	2013	only	-	Mar	lastFri	1:00	1:00	S
527Rule	Libya	2013	only	-	Oct	lastFri	2:00	0	-
528# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
529Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
530			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
531			2:00	-	EET	1982
532			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
533# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
534# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
535			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
536			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1997 Oct  4
537			2:00	-	EET	2012 Nov 10  2:00
538			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	2013 Oct 25  2:00
539			2:00	-	EET
540
541# Madagascar
542# See Africa/Nairobi.
543
544# Malawi
545# See Africa/Maputo.
546
547# Mali
548# Mauritania
549# See Africa/Abidjan.
550
551# Mauritius
552
553# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
554# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
555# basis....
556# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
557# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
558# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
559
560# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
561# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
562
563# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
564# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
565# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
566# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
567
568# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
569# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
570
571# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
572# According to
573# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
574# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
575# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
576# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
577# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
578#
579# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
580# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
581# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
582# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
583# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
584# changes two days later.
585
586# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
587# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
588# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
589# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
590#
591# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
592# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
593# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
594# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
595
596# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
597# The Government of Mauritius weblink
598# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
599# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
600#
601# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
602# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
603# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
604# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
605# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
606# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
607# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
608# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
609# and end on 29 March 2009.
610
611# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
612# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
613# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
614# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
615# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
616
617# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
618# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
619# DST the coming summer...
620#
621# Some sources, in French:
622# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
623# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
624#
625# Our wrap-up:
626# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
627
628# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
629# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
630# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
631# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
632
633# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
634Rule Mauritius	1982	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	1:00	-
635Rule Mauritius	1983	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	0	-
636Rule Mauritius	2008	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	-
637Rule Mauritius	2009	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
638# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
639Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis
640			4:00 Mauritius	+04/+05
641# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
642# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
643
644# Mayotte
645# See Africa/Nairobi.
646
647# Morocco
648# See Africa/Ceuta for Spanish Morocco.
649
650# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
651# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
652# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
653#
654# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
655# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
656# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
657#
658# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
659# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
660
661# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
662# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
663# Presse:
664# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
665#
666# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
667# spokesman.
668
669# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
670# According to this article:
671# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
672# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
673# the changes occur at midnight:
674#
675# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
676# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
677# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
678#
679# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
680# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
681# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
682# June 1st to Sept 27th.
683#
684# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
685# published on the web.
686#
687# It's also confirmed here:
688# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
689# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
690# posted in English).
691#
692# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
693# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
694
695# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
696# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
697# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
698# of September:
699#
700# One article about it (in French):
701# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
702#
703# We have some further details posted here:
704# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
705
706# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
707# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
708# to many sources, such as
709# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
710# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
711# (French)
712#
713# Our summary:
714# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
715
716# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
717# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
718# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
719#
720# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
721# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
722# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
723# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
724#
725# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
726# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
727
728# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
729# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
730# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
731# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
732#
733# Example:
734# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
735# (French)
736# Our page:
737# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
738
739# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
740# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
741# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
742# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
743# ...Official links of change in morocco
744# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
745# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
746# +212.537.71.84.00
747# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
748# They said that
749# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
750# is the official publication to look at.
751# They said that the decision was already taken.
752#
753# More articles in the press
754# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
755# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
756# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
757
758# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
759# They have it written in English here:
760# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
761#
762# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
763# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
764# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
765# also been like that in the past.
766
767# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
768# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
769# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
770# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
771# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
772# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
773# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
774# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
775# except the month of Ramadan.
776# or (brief)
777# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
778
779# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
780# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
781# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
782# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
783# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
784# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
785
786# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
787# Seen Morocco change again:
788# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
789# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
790# comme annoncé précédemment."
791
792# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
793# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
794# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
795#
796# Google translation, lightly edited:
797# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
798# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
799# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
800# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
801# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
802# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
803# Monday, August 20, 2012.  So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
804# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
805# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
806
807# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
808# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
809# announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
810# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
811# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
812# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
813
814# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
815# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
816# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
817# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
818
819# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
820# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
821# before it was going to end.  There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
822# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
823# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules.  Official
824# source (French):
825# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
826# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
827# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
828
829# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
830# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
831
832# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
833# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
834# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time....  DST
835# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
836# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
837
838# From Milamber (2015-06-08):
839# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
840# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
841# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
842# 2015 at 2:00.  The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
843# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
844# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
845# Source (french):
846# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
847#
848# From Milamber (2015-06-09):
849# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
850#
851# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
852# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
853# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
854# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
855# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
856# with the patch.
857
858# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26):
859# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition
860# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone.
861# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28):
862# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf
863#
864# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01):
865# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1
866# the week end after....  The government does not announce yet the decision
867# about this temporary change.  But it s 99% sure that it will be the case,
868# as in previous years.  An unofficial survey was done these days, showing
869# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan.
870# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan
871
872# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16):
873# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am.
874# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am....
875# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222
876
877# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14):
878# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to
879# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and
880# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m....
881# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/
882# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1
883#
884# From Milamber (2020-05-31)
885# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by
886# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with
887# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.).  So for this
888# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in
889# the calc.  These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by
890# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off.  Perhaps you can modify
891# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable)
892# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time
893# shift will be the next weekend.
894#
895# From Paul Eggert (2020-05-31):
896# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00
897# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the
898# first Sunday after two days after Ramadan.  To implement this,
899# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by
900# running the following program under GNU Emacs 26.3.  (This algorithm
901# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018,
902# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.)
903# (let ((islamic-year 1440))
904#   (require 'cal-islam)
905#   (while (< islamic-year 1511)
906#     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
907#           (b (+ 2 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))))
908#           (sunday 0))
909#       (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
910#       (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
911#         (setq b (1+ b)))
912#       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
913#       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
914#       (insert
915#        (format
916#         (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n"
917#                 "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n")
918#         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
919#         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
920#     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
921
922# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
923Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	-
924Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
925Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	-
926Rule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
927Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	-
928Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
929Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	-
930Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
931Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	-
932Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
933Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
934Rule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
935Rule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
936Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
937Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
938Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
939Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
940Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
941Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Aug	21	 0:00	0	-
942Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	May	 2	 0:00	1:00	-
943Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	Aug	 8	 0:00	0	-
944Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Apr	 3	 0:00	1:00	-
945Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	31	 0:00	0	-
946Rule	Morocco	2012	2013	-	Apr	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	-
947Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Jul	20	 3:00	0	-
948Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Aug	20	 2:00	1:00	-
949Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
950Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Jul	 7	 3:00	0	-
951Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00	1:00	-
952Rule	Morocco	2013	2018	-	Oct	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
953Rule	Morocco	2014	2018	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	-
954Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jun	28	 3:00	0	-
955Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Aug	 2	 2:00	1:00	-
956Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jun	14	 3:00	0	-
957Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jul	19	 2:00	1:00	-
958Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jun	 5	 3:00	0	-
959Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jul	10	 2:00	1:00	-
960Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	May	21	 3:00	0	-
961Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	Jul	 2	 2:00	1:00	-
962Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	May	13	 3:00	0	-
963Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	Jun	17	 2:00	1:00	-
964Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	May	 5	 3:00	-1:00	-
965Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	Jun	 9	 2:00	0	-
966Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	Apr	19	 3:00	-1:00	-
967Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	May	31	 2:00	0	-
968Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	Apr	11	 3:00	-1:00	-
969Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	May	16	 2:00	0	-
970Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	Mar	27	 3:00	-1:00	-
971Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	May	 8	 2:00	0	-
972Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Mar	19	 3:00	-1:00	-
973Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Apr	30	 2:00	0	-
974Rule	Morocco	2024	only	-	Mar	10	 3:00	-1:00	-
975Rule	Morocco	2024	only	-	Apr	14	 2:00	0	-
976Rule	Morocco	2025	only	-	Feb	23	 3:00	-1:00	-
977Rule	Morocco	2025	only	-	Apr	 6	 2:00	0	-
978Rule	Morocco	2026	only	-	Feb	15	 3:00	-1:00	-
979Rule	Morocco	2026	only	-	Mar	22	 2:00	0	-
980Rule	Morocco	2027	only	-	Feb	 7	 3:00	-1:00	-
981Rule	Morocco	2027	only	-	Mar	14	 2:00	0	-
982Rule	Morocco	2028	only	-	Jan	23	 3:00	-1:00	-
983Rule	Morocco	2028	only	-	Mar	 5	 2:00	0	-
984Rule	Morocco	2029	only	-	Jan	14	 3:00	-1:00	-
985Rule	Morocco	2029	only	-	Feb	18	 2:00	0	-
986Rule	Morocco	2029	only	-	Dec	30	 3:00	-1:00	-
987Rule	Morocco	2030	only	-	Feb	10	 2:00	0	-
988Rule	Morocco	2030	only	-	Dec	22	 3:00	-1:00	-
989Rule	Morocco	2031	only	-	Feb	 2	 2:00	0	-
990Rule	Morocco	2031	only	-	Dec	14	 3:00	-1:00	-
991Rule	Morocco	2032	only	-	Jan	18	 2:00	0	-
992Rule	Morocco	2032	only	-	Nov	28	 3:00	-1:00	-
993Rule	Morocco	2033	only	-	Jan	 9	 2:00	0	-
994Rule	Morocco	2033	only	-	Nov	20	 3:00	-1:00	-
995Rule	Morocco	2033	only	-	Dec	25	 2:00	0	-
996Rule	Morocco	2034	only	-	Nov	 5	 3:00	-1:00	-
997Rule	Morocco	2034	only	-	Dec	17	 2:00	0	-
998Rule	Morocco	2035	only	-	Oct	28	 3:00	-1:00	-
999Rule	Morocco	2035	only	-	Dec	 9	 2:00	0	-
1000Rule	Morocco	2036	only	-	Oct	19	 3:00	-1:00	-
1001Rule	Morocco	2036	only	-	Nov	23	 2:00	0	-
1002Rule	Morocco	2037	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	-1:00	-
1003Rule	Morocco	2037	only	-	Nov	15	 2:00	0	-
1004Rule	Morocco	2038	only	-	Sep	26	 3:00	-1:00	-
1005Rule	Morocco	2038	only	-	Nov	 7	 2:00	0	-
1006Rule	Morocco	2039	only	-	Sep	18	 3:00	-1:00	-
1007Rule	Morocco	2039	only	-	Oct	23	 2:00	0	-
1008Rule	Morocco	2040	only	-	Sep	 2	 3:00	-1:00	-
1009Rule	Morocco	2040	only	-	Oct	14	 2:00	0	-
1010Rule	Morocco	2041	only	-	Aug	25	 3:00	-1:00	-
1011Rule	Morocco	2041	only	-	Sep	29	 2:00	0	-
1012Rule	Morocco	2042	only	-	Aug	10	 3:00	-1:00	-
1013Rule	Morocco	2042	only	-	Sep	21	 2:00	0	-
1014Rule	Morocco	2043	only	-	Aug	 2	 3:00	-1:00	-
1015Rule	Morocco	2043	only	-	Sep	13	 2:00	0	-
1016Rule	Morocco	2044	only	-	Jul	24	 3:00	-1:00	-
1017Rule	Morocco	2044	only	-	Aug	28	 2:00	0	-
1018Rule	Morocco	2045	only	-	Jul	 9	 3:00	-1:00	-
1019Rule	Morocco	2045	only	-	Aug	20	 2:00	0	-
1020Rule	Morocco	2046	only	-	Jul	 1	 3:00	-1:00	-
1021Rule	Morocco	2046	only	-	Aug	12	 2:00	0	-
1022Rule	Morocco	2047	only	-	Jun	23	 3:00	-1:00	-
1023Rule	Morocco	2047	only	-	Jul	28	 2:00	0	-
1024Rule	Morocco	2048	only	-	Jun	 7	 3:00	-1:00	-
1025Rule	Morocco	2048	only	-	Jul	19	 2:00	0	-
1026Rule	Morocco	2049	only	-	May	30	 3:00	-1:00	-
1027Rule	Morocco	2049	only	-	Jul	 4	 2:00	0	-
1028Rule	Morocco	2050	only	-	May	15	 3:00	-1:00	-
1029Rule	Morocco	2050	only	-	Jun	26	 2:00	0	-
1030Rule	Morocco	2051	only	-	May	 7	 3:00	-1:00	-
1031Rule	Morocco	2051	only	-	Jun	18	 2:00	0	-
1032Rule	Morocco	2052	only	-	Apr	28	 3:00	-1:00	-
1033Rule	Morocco	2052	only	-	Jun	 2	 2:00	0	-
1034Rule	Morocco	2053	only	-	Apr	13	 3:00	-1:00	-
1035Rule	Morocco	2053	only	-	May	25	 2:00	0	-
1036Rule	Morocco	2054	only	-	Apr	 5	 3:00	-1:00	-
1037Rule	Morocco	2054	only	-	May	17	 2:00	0	-
1038Rule	Morocco	2055	only	-	Mar	28	 3:00	-1:00	-
1039Rule	Morocco	2055	only	-	May	 2	 2:00	0	-
1040Rule	Morocco	2056	only	-	Mar	12	 3:00	-1:00	-
1041Rule	Morocco	2056	only	-	Apr	23	 2:00	0	-
1042Rule	Morocco	2057	only	-	Mar	 4	 3:00	-1:00	-
1043Rule	Morocco	2057	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00	0	-
1044Rule	Morocco	2058	only	-	Feb	17	 3:00	-1:00	-
1045Rule	Morocco	2058	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00	0	-
1046Rule	Morocco	2059	only	-	Feb	 9	 3:00	-1:00	-
1047Rule	Morocco	2059	only	-	Mar	23	 2:00	0	-
1048Rule	Morocco	2060	only	-	Feb	 1	 3:00	-1:00	-
1049Rule	Morocco	2060	only	-	Mar	 7	 2:00	0	-
1050Rule	Morocco	2061	only	-	Jan	16	 3:00	-1:00	-
1051Rule	Morocco	2061	only	-	Feb	27	 2:00	0	-
1052Rule	Morocco	2062	only	-	Jan	 8	 3:00	-1:00	-
1053Rule	Morocco	2062	only	-	Feb	19	 2:00	0	-
1054Rule	Morocco	2062	only	-	Dec	31	 3:00	-1:00	-
1055Rule	Morocco	2063	only	-	Feb	 4	 2:00	0	-
1056Rule	Morocco	2063	only	-	Dec	16	 3:00	-1:00	-
1057Rule	Morocco	2064	only	-	Jan	27	 2:00	0	-
1058Rule	Morocco	2064	only	-	Dec	 7	 3:00	-1:00	-
1059Rule	Morocco	2065	only	-	Jan	11	 2:00	0	-
1060Rule	Morocco	2065	only	-	Nov	22	 3:00	-1:00	-
1061Rule	Morocco	2066	only	-	Jan	 3	 2:00	0	-
1062Rule	Morocco	2066	only	-	Nov	14	 3:00	-1:00	-
1063Rule	Morocco	2066	only	-	Dec	26	 2:00	0	-
1064Rule	Morocco	2067	only	-	Nov	 6	 3:00	-1:00	-
1065Rule	Morocco	2067	only	-	Dec	11	 2:00	0	-
1066Rule	Morocco	2068	only	-	Oct	21	 3:00	-1:00	-
1067Rule	Morocco	2068	only	-	Dec	 2	 2:00	0	-
1068Rule	Morocco	2069	only	-	Oct	13	 3:00	-1:00	-
1069Rule	Morocco	2069	only	-	Nov	24	 2:00	0	-
1070Rule	Morocco	2070	only	-	Oct	 5	 3:00	-1:00	-
1071Rule	Morocco	2070	only	-	Nov	 9	 2:00	0	-
1072Rule	Morocco	2071	only	-	Sep	20	 3:00	-1:00	-
1073Rule	Morocco	2071	only	-	Nov	 1	 2:00	0	-
1074Rule	Morocco	2072	only	-	Sep	11	 3:00	-1:00	-
1075Rule	Morocco	2072	only	-	Oct	16	 2:00	0	-
1076Rule	Morocco	2073	only	-	Aug	27	 3:00	-1:00	-
1077Rule	Morocco	2073	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
1078Rule	Morocco	2074	only	-	Aug	19	 3:00	-1:00	-
1079Rule	Morocco	2074	only	-	Sep	30	 2:00	0	-
1080Rule	Morocco	2075	only	-	Aug	11	 3:00	-1:00	-
1081Rule	Morocco	2075	only	-	Sep	15	 2:00	0	-
1082Rule	Morocco	2076	only	-	Jul	26	 3:00	-1:00	-
1083Rule	Morocco	2076	only	-	Sep	 6	 2:00	0	-
1084Rule	Morocco	2077	only	-	Jul	18	 3:00	-1:00	-
1085Rule	Morocco	2077	only	-	Aug	29	 2:00	0	-
1086Rule	Morocco	2078	only	-	Jul	10	 3:00	-1:00	-
1087Rule	Morocco	2078	only	-	Aug	14	 2:00	0	-
1088Rule	Morocco	2079	only	-	Jun	25	 3:00	-1:00	-
1089Rule	Morocco	2079	only	-	Aug	 6	 2:00	0	-
1090Rule	Morocco	2080	only	-	Jun	16	 3:00	-1:00	-
1091Rule	Morocco	2080	only	-	Jul	21	 2:00	0	-
1092Rule	Morocco	2081	only	-	Jun	 1	 3:00	-1:00	-
1093Rule	Morocco	2081	only	-	Jul	13	 2:00	0	-
1094Rule	Morocco	2082	only	-	May	24	 3:00	-1:00	-
1095Rule	Morocco	2082	only	-	Jul	 5	 2:00	0	-
1096Rule	Morocco	2083	only	-	May	16	 3:00	-1:00	-
1097Rule	Morocco	2083	only	-	Jun	20	 2:00	0	-
1098Rule	Morocco	2084	only	-	Apr	30	 3:00	-1:00	-
1099Rule	Morocco	2084	only	-	Jun	11	 2:00	0	-
1100Rule	Morocco	2085	only	-	Apr	22	 3:00	-1:00	-
1101Rule	Morocco	2085	only	-	Jun	 3	 2:00	0	-
1102Rule	Morocco	2086	only	-	Apr	14	 3:00	-1:00	-
1103Rule	Morocco	2086	only	-	May	19	 2:00	0	-
1104Rule	Morocco	2087	only	-	Mar	30	 3:00	-1:00	-
1105Rule	Morocco	2087	only	-	May	11	 2:00	0	-
1106# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that
1107# Morocco will no longer observe DST.  At some point this table will
1108# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the
1109# rules first.
1110
1111# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1112Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
1113			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	1984 Mar 16
1114			 1:00	-	+01	1986
1115			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	2018 Oct 28  3:00
1116			 1:00	Morocco	+01/+00
1117
1118# Western Sahara
1119#
1120# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
1121# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
1122# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
1123# Morocco does.
1124#
1125# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
1126# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
1127# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
1128
1129Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan # El Aaiún
1130			-1:00	-	-01	1976 Apr 14
1131			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	2018 Oct 28  3:00
1132			 1:00	Morocco	+01/+00
1133
1134# Mozambique
1135#
1136# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
1137# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
1138# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
1139# merely made it official?
1140#
1141# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1142Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
1143			2:00	-	CAT
1144Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre	# Malawi
1145Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura	# Burundi
1146Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone	# Botswana
1147Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare	# Zimbabwe
1148Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali	# Rwanda
1149Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi	# E Dem. Rep. of Congo
1150Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka	# Zambia
1151
1152
1153# Namibia
1154
1155# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):
1156# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
1157# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
1158# and includes this nugget:
1159# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
1160# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
1161# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
1162# Sunday 4 September 1994.
1163
1164# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06):
1165# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard"
1166# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ...
1167
1168# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
1169# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
1170# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
1171# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
1172# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
1173# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
1174# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
1175# of the country.
1176#
1177# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
1178# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
1179# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
1180# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
1181# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
1182# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
1183
1184# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):
1185# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
1186# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
1187# This video is from the government decision:
1188# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
1189# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
1190# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
1191# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html
1192
1193# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09):
1194# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally.
1195# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST.  See, e.g.:
1196# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706
1197# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia
1198# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
1199# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible
1200# with Namibia's neighbors.
1201
1202# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1203# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1204Rule	Namibia	1994	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	-1:00	WAT
1205Rule	Namibia	1994	2017	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	0	CAT
1206Rule	Namibia	1995	2017	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	-1:00	WAT
1207# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
1208#Rule	Namibia	1994	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	0	WAT
1209#Rule	Namibia	1994	2017	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	CAT
1210#Rule	Namibia	1995	2017	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	WAT
1211# End of rearguard section.
1212
1213# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1214Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
1215			1:30	-	+0130	1903 Mar
1216			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20  2:00
1217			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21  2:00
1218			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
1219# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1220			2:00	Namibia	%s
1221# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
1222#			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Mar 21  0:00
1223# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07):
1224# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24.  See:
1225# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf
1226#			1:00	Namibia	%s	2017 Oct 24
1227#			2:00	-	CAT
1228# End of rearguard section.
1229
1230# Niger
1231# See Africa/Lagos.
1232
1233# Nigeria
1234
1235# From P Chan (2020-12-03):
1236# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01.
1237# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3
1238# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446%2C5221%2C1931%2C1235
1239# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905
1240# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted thought the Colony and
1241# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and
1242# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time."
1243#
1244# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01.
1245# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5
1246# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92%2C3590%2C3944%2C2523
1247# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when
1248# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the
1249# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time."
1250#
1251# From P Chan (2020-11-27):
1252# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria.
1253# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916),
1254# p 27
1255# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27
1256# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted,
1257# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian
1258# 7 [degrees] 30' E. long."
1259# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos
1260# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of
1261# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes
1262# accordingly."
1263#
1264# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1.
1265# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2)
1266# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the
1267# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16]
1268# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16
1269# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria:
1270# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time.  (As amended by 18 of
1271# 1919, s. 2.)"
1272# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10):
1273# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first
1274# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on
1275# Thursday 1919-08-28:
1276# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261%2C3408%2C2994%2C1915
1277# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and
1278# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a
1279# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time.  Nigeria standard time is
1280# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new
1281# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes".  It was further
1282# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes
1283# to compensate.
1284# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11):
1285# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52,
1286# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on
1287# the 1st day of September, 1919."
1288# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40,
1289# img 245-246
1290# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919
1291
1292# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1293Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:35 -	LMT	1905 Jul  1
1294			0:00	-	GMT	1908 Jul  1
1295			0:13:35	-	LMT	1914 Jan  1
1296			0:30	-	+0030	1919 Sep  1
1297			1:00	-	WAT
1298Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui		# Central African Republic
1299Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville	# Rep. of the Congo
1300Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala		# Cameroon
1301Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa	# Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
1302Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville	# Gabon
1303Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda		# Angola
1304Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo		# Equatorial Guinea
1305Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey		# Niger
1306Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo	# Benin
1307
1308# Réunion
1309# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1310Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
1311			4:00	-	+04
1312#
1313# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
1314# The following information about them is taken from
1315# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
1316# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1317# We have no info about their time zone histories.
1318#
1319# Bassas da India - uninhabited
1320# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1321# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1322# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1323# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1324
1325# Rwanda
1326# See Africa/Maputo.
1327
1328# St Helena
1329# See Africa/Abidjan.
1330# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1331#	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1332#	Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1333#	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1334#		on GMT, says the CIA
1335#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1336
1337# São Tomé and Príncipe
1338
1339# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition.
1340
1341# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08):
1342# Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as
1343# they entered the year 2018.
1344# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08):
1345# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017]
1346# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017
1347
1348# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29):
1349# São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019:
1350# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/
1351#
1352# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30):
1353# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818
1354# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal
1355# coordinated time, will be restituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.]
1356
1357Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
1358			-0:36:45 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1 00:00u # Lisbon MT
1359			 0:00	-	GMT	2018 Jan  1 01:00
1360			 1:00	-	WAT	2019 Jan  1 02:00
1361			 0:00	-	GMT
1362
1363# Senegal
1364# See Africa/Abidjan.
1365
1366# Seychelles
1367
1368# From P Chan (2020-11-27):
1369# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01.
1370#
1371# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237)
1372# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571
1373# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571
1374#
1375# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05):
1376# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689
1377# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st
1378# January, 1907."
1379
1380# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1381Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1907 Jan  1 # Victoria
1382			4:00	-	+04
1383# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1384# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1385# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1386# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
1387# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1388# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1389
1390# Sierra Leone
1391# See Africa/Abidjan.
1392
1393# Somalia
1394# See Africa/Nairobi.
1395
1396# South Africa
1397# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1398Rule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	-
1399Rule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
1400# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1401Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
1402			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
1403			2:00	SA	SAST
1404Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru	# Lesotho
1405Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane	# Eswatini
1406#
1407# Marion and Prince Edward Is
1408# scientific station since 1947
1409# no information
1410
1411# Sudan
1412
1413# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1414# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1415# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1416# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1417# Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1418# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1419
1420# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17):
1421# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00)
1422# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017.
1423#
1424# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1425# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the
1426# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia
1427# Abdalla of NTC, archived at:
1428# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html
1429
1430# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1431Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
1432Rule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
1433Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
1434Rule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
1435# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1436Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
1437			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
1438			3:00	-	EAT	2017 Nov  1
1439			2:00	-	CAT
1440
1441# South Sudan
1442
1443# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18):
1444# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1
1445# hour on February 1, 2021...."
1446# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/
1447
1448# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1449Zone	Africa/Juba	2:06:28 -	LMT	1931
1450			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
1451			3:00	-	EAT	2021 Feb  1 00:00
1452			2:00	-	CAT
1453
1454# Tanzania
1455# See Africa/Nairobi.
1456
1457# Togo
1458# See Africa/Abidjan.
1459
1460# Tunisia
1461
1462# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1463# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1464# this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
1465# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1466# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1467# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1468# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1469# Saturday."  (My translation)
1470#
1471# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1472# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1473# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1474# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1475# 1h standard time.
1476#
1477# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1478# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1479# Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1480# Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1481# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1482
1483# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1484# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1485# (Arabic)
1486# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1487# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1488#
1489# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1490# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1491# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1492
1493# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1494# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1495#
1496# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1497#
1498# (in English)
1499# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1500#
1501# (in Arabic)
1502# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1503
1504# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1505# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1506# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1507# concerned by summer time.  Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1508# unchanged the whole year long."  So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1509# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1510
1511# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1512# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1513#
1514# (translation):
1515# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1516# Sunday...
1517# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1518# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1519#
1520# (in Arabic)
1521# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1522# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1523# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1524
1525# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1526Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
1527Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
1528Rule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
1529Rule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
1530Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
1531Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
1532Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
1533Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
1534Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
1535Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
1536Rule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
1537Rule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
1538Rule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
1539Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
1540Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
1541Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
1542Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
1543Rule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
1544Rule	Tunisia	1988	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
1545Rule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
1546Rule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
1547Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
1548Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00s	0	-
1549Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
1550Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
1551
1552# See Europe/Paris commentary for PMT-related transitions.
1553# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1554Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
1555			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1556			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
1557
1558# Uganda
1559# See Africa/Nairobi.
1560
1561# Zambia
1562# Zimbabwe
1563# See Africa/Maputo.
1564