1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-05):
10#
11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15#
16# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
17# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
20# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22#
23# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
24# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
25# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
26#
27# These tables use numeric abbreviations like -03 and -0330 for
28# integer hour and minute UT offsets.  Although earlier editions used
29# alphabetic time zone abbreviations, these abbreviations were
30# invented and did not reflect common practice.
31
32###############################################################################
33
34###############################################################################
35
36# Argentina
37
38# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
39# Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
40# Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974.  Switches at midnight.
41
42# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-19):
43# ARGENTINA           3 H BEHIND   UTC
44
45# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
46# I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
47# AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.
48
49# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
50Rule	Arg	1930	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	-
51Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
52Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	-
53Rule	Arg	1932	1940	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
54Rule	Arg	1932	1939	-	Nov	 1	0:00	1:00	-
55Rule	Arg	1940	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	-
56Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Jun	15	0:00	0	-
57Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	-
58Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	-
59Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	-
60Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
61Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	-
62Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
63Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Dec	15	0:00	1:00	-
64Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
65Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	-
66Rule	Arg	1967	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	0	-
67Rule	Arg	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
68Rule	Arg	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
69Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	-
70Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
71Rule	Arg	1988	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	-
72#
73# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
74# These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
75# obtaining the data from the:
76# Talleres de Hidrografía Naval Argentina
77# (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
78Rule	Arg	1989	1993	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
79Rule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	-
80#
81# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
82# From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
83# time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
84# to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
85#
86# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
87# On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
88# which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
89# from the International Date Line.
90Rule	Arg	1999	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
91# From Paul Eggert (2007-12-28):
92# DST was set to expire on March 5, not March 3, but since it was converted
93# to standard time on March 3 it's more convenient for us to pretend that
94# it ended on March 3.
95Rule	Arg	2000	only	-	Mar	3	0:00	0	-
96#
97# From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
98# We just checked with our São Paulo office and they say the government of
99# Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
100# So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
101#
102# From Fabián L. Arce Jofré (2000-04-04):
103# The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
104# de la Rúa on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
105# in the winter time, rather than less.  The change took effect on March 3.
106#
107# From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
108# one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999
109# Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be
110# in effect.... The article is at
111# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm
112# ... The Law itself is "Ley No. 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted
113# 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21.  The official publication is at:
114# http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09-99LEG.PDF
115# Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version....
116#
117# (2001-06-12):
118# the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday.
119# Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th....
120# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm
121#
122# (2001-06-25):
123# Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the
124# Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed.
125# http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm
126# It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same....
127# This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina.
128# We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country.
129#
130# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-12-21):
131# A user (Leonardo Chaim) reported that Argentina will adopt DST....
132# all of the country (all Zone-entries) are affected.  News reports like
133# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/opinion/nota.asp?nota_id=973037 indicate
134# that Argentina will use DST next year as well, from October to
135# March, although exact rules are not given.
136#
137# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
138# The last hurdle of Argentina DST is over, the proposal was approved in
139# the lower chamber too (Diputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
140# By the way thanks to Mariano Absatz and Daniel Mario Vega for the link to
141# the original scanned proposal, where the dates and the zero hours are
142# clear and unambiguous...This is the article about final approval:
143# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996
144#
145# From Paul Eggert (2007-12-22):
146# For dates after mid-2008, the following rules are my guesses and
147# are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.
148
149# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-09-05):
150# As per message from Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz (Nicaragua),
151# Argentina will start DST on Sunday October 19, 2008.
152#
153# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html
154# http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish)
155
156# From Juan Manuel Docile in https://bugs.gentoo.org/240339 (2008-10-07)
157# via Rodrigo Severo:
158# Argentinian law No. 25.155 is no longer valid.
159# http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/60000-64999/60036/norma.htm
160# The new one is law No. 26.350
161# http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136191/norma.htm
162# So there is no summer time in Argentina for now.
163
164# From Mariano Absatz (2008-10-20):
165# Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST
166# in Argentina from 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15.
167# http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=16102008&pi=3&pf=4&s=0&sec=01
168#
169
170# Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer
171# 2008/2009: Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La
172# Pampa, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego
173# http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=17102008&pi=1&pf=1&s=0&sec=01
174#
175# Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the
176# Province of Jujuy saying it will not apply DST either (even when it was not
177# included in Decree 1705/2008).
178# http://www.jujuy.gov.ar/index2/partes_prensa/18_10_08/235-181008.doc
179
180# From fullinet (2009-10-18):
181# As announced in
182# http://www.argentina.gob.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=356
183# (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora"
184# (English: "No hour change").
185#
186# "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvió no modificar la hora
187# oficial, decisión que estaba en estudio para su implementación el
188# domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificación se anunció
189# que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorológicas, no necesita
190# la modificación del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
191# crecimiento en la producción y distribución energética."
192
193Rule	Arg	2007	only	-	Dec	30	0:00	1:00	-
194Rule	Arg	2008	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
195Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	-
196
197# From Mariano Absatz (2004-05-21):
198# Today it was officially published that the Province of Mendoza is changing
199# its timezone this winter... starting tomorrow night....
200# http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040521-27158-normas.pdf
201# From Paul Eggert (2004-05-24):
202# It's Law No. 7,210.  This change is due to a public power emergency, so for
203# now we'll assume it's for this year only.
204#
205# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-31):
206# Hora de verano para la República Argentina
207# http://buenasiembra.com.ar/esoterismo/astrologia/hora-de-verano-de-la-republica-argentina-27.html
208# says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
209# to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25.  Go with this more-precise value
210# over Shanks & Pottenger.  It is upward compatible with Milne, who
211# says Córdoba time was -4:16:48.2.
212
213#
214# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-05):
215# These media articles from a major newspaper mostly cover the current state:
216# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/27/de_604825.asp
217# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/28/de_605203.asp
218#
219# The following eight (8) provinces pulled clocks back to UTC-04:00 at
220# midnight Monday May 31st. (that is, the night between 05/31 and 06/01).
221# Apparently, all nine provinces would go back to UTC-03:00 at the same
222# time in October 17th.
223#
224# Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
225# Tierra del Fuego, Tucumán.
226#
227# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
228# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucumán decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
229# yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
230# annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
231#
232# From Gwillim Law (2004-06-14):
233# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/06/10/de_609078.asp ...
234#     "The time change in Tierra del Fuego was a conflicted decision from
235#   the start.  The government had decreed that the measure would take
236#   effect on June 1, but a normative error forced the new time to begin
237#   three days earlier, from a Saturday to a Sunday....
238# Our understanding was that the change was originally scheduled to take place
239# on June 1 at 00:00 in Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego (and some other
240# provinces).  Sunday was May 30, only two days earlier.  So the article
241# contains a contradiction.  I would give more credence to the Saturday/Sunday
242# date than the "three days earlier" phrase, and conclude that Tierra del
243# Fuego set its clocks back at 2004-05-30 00:00.
244#
245# From Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-05):
246# The previous law 7210 which changed the province of Mendoza's time zone
247# back in May have been modified slightly in a new law 7277, which set the
248# new end date to 2004-09-26 (original date was 2004-10-17).
249# http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040924-27244-normas.pdf
250#
251# From Mariano Absatz (2004-10-05):
252# San Juan changed from UTC-03:00 to UTC-04:00 at midnight between
253# Sunday, May 30th and Monday, May 31st.  It changed back to UTC-03:00
254# at midnight between Saturday, July 24th and Sunday, July 25th....
255# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000329.html
256# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000426.html
257# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000441.html
258
259# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-01-17):
260# Here are articles that Argentina Province San Luis is planning to end DST
261# as earlier as upcoming Monday January 21, 2008 or February 2008:
262#
263# Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del país
264# (Argentine Province delayed clock and mark difference with the rest of the
265# country)
266# http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel
267#
268# Es inminente que en San Luis atrasen una hora los relojes
269# (It is imminent in San Luis clocks one hour delay)
270# https://www.lagaceta.com.ar/nota/253414/Economia/Es-inminente-que-en-San-Luis-atrasen-una-hora-los-relojes.html
271# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html
272
273# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
274# The page of the San Luis provincial government
275# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812
276# confirms what Alex Krivenyshev has earlier sent to the tz
277# emailing list about that San Luis plans to return to standard
278# time much earlier than the rest of the country. It also
279# confirms that upon request the provinces San Juan and Mendoza
280# refused to follow San Luis in this change.
281#
282# The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21st at 0:00
283# hours. As far as I understand it if this goes ahead, we need
284# a new timezone for San Luis (although there are also documented
285# independent changes in the southamerica file of San Luis in
286# 1990 and 1991 which has not been confirmed).
287
288# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
289# Unfortunately the below page has become defunct, about the San Luis
290# time change. Perhaps because it now is part of a group of pages "Most
291# important pages of 2008."
292#
293# You can use
294# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834
295# instead it seems. Or use "Buscador" from the main page of the San Luis
296# government, and fill in "huso" and click OK, and you will get 3 pages
297# from which the first one is identical to the above.
298
299# From Mariano Absatz (2008-01-28):
300# I can confirm that the Province of San Luis (and so far only that
301# province) decided to go back to UTC-3 effective midnight Jan 20th 2008
302# (that is, Monday 21st at 0:00 is the time the clocks were delayed back
303# 1 hour), and they intend to keep UTC-3 as their timezone all year round
304# (that is, unless they change their mind any minute now).
305#
306# So we'll have to add yet another city to 'southamerica' (I think San
307# Luis city is the mos populated city in the Province, so it'd be
308# America/Argentina/San_Luis... of course I can't remember if San Luis's
309# history of particular changes goes along with Mendoza or San Juan :-(
310# (I only remember not being able to collect hard facts about San Luis
311# back in 2004, when these provinces changed to UTC-4 for a few days, I
312# mailed them personally and never got an answer).
313
314# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
315# Unless otherwise specified, data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger through
316# 1992, from the IATA otherwise.  As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
317# America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, one of which
318# was America/San_Luis, but we haven't verified this yet so for now we'll
319# keep America/Cordoba a single region rather than splitting it into the
320# other 5 subregions.
321
322# From Mariano Absatz (2009-03-13):
323# Yesterday (with our usual 2-day notice) the Province of San Luis
324# decided that next Sunday instead of "staying" @utc-03:00 they will go
325# to utc-04:00 until the second Saturday in October...
326#
327# The press release is at
328# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/SL/Paginas/NoticiaDetalle.asp?TemaId=1&InfoPrensaId=3102
329# (I couldn't find the decree, but www.sanluis.gov.ar
330# is the official page for the Province Government.)
331#
332# There's also a note in only one of the major national papers ...
333# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912
334#
335# The press release says [quick and dirty translation]:
336# ... announced that next Sunday, at 00:00, Puntanos (the San Luis
337# inhabitants) will have to turn back one hour their clocks
338#
339# Since then, San Luis will establish its own Province timezone. Thus,
340# during 2009, this timezone change will run from 00:00 the third Sunday
341# in March until 24:00 of the second Saturday in October.
342
343# From Mariano Absatz (2009-10-16):
344# ...the Province of San Luis is a case in itself.
345#
346# The Law at
347# http://www.diputadossanluis.gov.ar/diputadosasp/paginas/verNorma.asp?NormaID=276
348# is ambiguous because establishes a calendar from the 2nd Sunday in
349# October at 0:00 thru the 2nd Saturday in March at 24:00 and the
350# complement of that starting on the 2nd Sunday of March at 0:00 and
351# ending on the 2nd Saturday of March at 24:00.
352#
353# This clearly breaks every time the 1st of March or October is a Sunday.
354#
355# IMHO, the "spirit of the Law" is to make the changes at 0:00 on the 2nd
356# Sunday of October and March.
357#
358# The problem is that the changes in the rest of the Provinces that did
359# change in 2007/2008, were made according to the Federal Law and Decrees
360# that did so on the 3rd Sunday of October and March.
361#
362# In fact, San Luis actually switched from UTC-4 to UTC-3 last Sunday
363# (October 11th) at 0:00.
364#
365# So I guess a new set of rules, besides "Arg", must be made and the last
366# America/Argentina/San_Luis entries should change to use these...
367# ...
368
369# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-09):
370# According to news reports from El Diario de la República Province San
371# Luis, Argentina (standard time UTC-04) will keep Daylight Saving Time
372# after April 11, 2010 - will continue to have same time as rest of
373# Argentina (UTC-3) (no DST).
374#
375# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
376# http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9
377# or (some English translation):
378# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina08.html
379
380# From Mariano Absatz (2010-04-12):
381# yes...I can confirm this...and given that San Luis keeps calling
382# UTC-03:00 "summer time", we should't just let San Luis go back to "Arg"
383# rules...San Luis is still using "Western ARgentina Time" and it got
384# stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over.
385
386# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-23):
387# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at -04
388# with perpetual daylight saving time, but ordinary usage typically seems to
389# just say it's at -03; see, for example,
390# https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_oficial_argentina
391# We've documented similar situations as being plain changes to
392# standard time, so let's do that here too.  This does not change UTC
393# offsets, only tm_isdst and the time zone abbreviations.  One minor
394# plus is that this silences a zic complaint that there's no POSIX TZ
395# setting for time stamps past 2038.
396
397# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
398#
399# Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
400Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
401			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
402			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
403			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
404			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
405			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
406			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02
407#
408# Córdoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
409# Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE)
410#
411# Shanks & Pottenger also make the following claims, which we haven't verified:
412# - Formosa switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-07.
413# - Misiones switched to -3:00 on 1990-12-29.
414# - Chaco switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-04.
415# - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01,
416#   then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26.
417#
418Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
419			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
420			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
421			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
422			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
423			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
424			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
425			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
426			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02
427#
428# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
429Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
430			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
431			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
432			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
433			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
434			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
435			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
436			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
437			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
438			-3:00	-	-03
439#
440# Tucumán (TM)
441Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
442			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
443			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
444			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
445			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
446			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
447			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
448			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
449			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
450			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 13
451			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02
452#
453# La Rioja (LR)
454Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
455			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
456			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
457			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
458			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  1
459			-4:00	-	-04	1991 May  7
460			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
461			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
462			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
463			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
464			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
465			-3:00	-	-03
466#
467# San Juan (SJ)
468Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
469			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
470			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
471			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
472			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  1
473			-4:00	-	-04	1991 May  7
474			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
475			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
476			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 31
477			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jul 25
478			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
479			-3:00	-	-03
480#
481# Jujuy (JY)
482Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 -	LMT	1894 Oct 31
483			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
484			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
485			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
486			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1990 Mar  4
487			-4:00	-	-04	1990 Oct 28
488			-4:00	1:00	-03	1991 Mar 17
489			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct  6
490			-3:00	1:00	-02	1992
491			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
492			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
493			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
494			-3:00	-	-03
495#
496# Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
497Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
498			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
499			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
500			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
501			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
502			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
503			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
504			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
505			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
506			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
507			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
508			-3:00	-	-03
509#
510# Mendoza (MZ)
511Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
512			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
513			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
514			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
515			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1990 Mar  4
516			-4:00	-	-04	1990 Oct 15
517			-4:00	1:00	-03	1991 Mar  1
518			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 15
519			-4:00	1:00	-03	1992 Mar  1
520			-4:00	-	-04	1992 Oct 18
521			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
522			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
523			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 23
524			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Sep 26
525			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
526			-3:00	-	-03
527#
528# San Luis (SL)
529
530Rule	SanLuis	2008	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
531Rule	SanLuis	2007	2008	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	-
532
533Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
534			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
535			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
536			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
537			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1990
538			-3:00	1:00	-02	1990 Mar 14
539			-4:00	-	-04	1990 Oct 15
540			-4:00	1:00	-03	1991 Mar  1
541			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Jun  1
542			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Oct  3
543			-4:00	1:00	-03	2000 Mar  3
544			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 31
545			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jul 25
546			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Jan 21
547			-4:00	SanLuis	-04/-03	2009 Oct 11
548			-3:00	-	-03
549#
550# Santa Cruz (SC)
551Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
552			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
553			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
554			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
555			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
556			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
557			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
558			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
559			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
560			-3:00	-	-03
561#
562# Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
563Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
564			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
565			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
566			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
567			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
568			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
569			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 30
570			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
571			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
572			-3:00	-	-03
573
574# Aruba
575Link America/Curacao America/Aruba
576
577# Bolivia
578# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
579Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
580			-4:32:36 -	CMT	1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
581			-4:32:36 1:00	BST	1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
582			-4:00	-	-04
583
584# Brazil
585
586# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
587# The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
588# just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
589# The rule change lasted only part of the day;
590# the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
591# was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.
592
593# From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
594# _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
595# Santa Catarina (SC), Paraná (PR), São Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
596# Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goiás (GO),
597# Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
598# [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
599
600# From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
601# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goiás until 1989), and other
602# sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
603# always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
604# The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91.  Each issue from then until
605# 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95,
606# along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2
607# (UTC-4)....  The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is
608# UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is
609# UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's
610# become part of the state of Pernambuco).  The boundary between BR1 and BR2
611# has never been clearly stated.  They've simply been called East and West.
612# However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
613# Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil.  For each
614# airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM.  From that
615# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapá (AP), Ceará (CE),
616# Maranhão (MA), Paraíba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), and Rio Grande do
617# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Pará (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
618
619# From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
620# Brazilian official page <http://pcdsh01.on.br/verao1.html>
621
622# From Jesper Nørgaard (2000-11-03):
623# [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
624# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
625# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
626
627# From Celso Doria via David Madeo (2002-10-09):
628# The reason for the delay this year has to do with elections in Brazil.
629#
630# Unlike in the United States, elections in Brazil are 100% computerized and
631# the results are known almost immediately.  Yesterday, it was the first
632# round of the elections when 115 million Brazilians voted for President,
633# Governor, Senators, Federal Deputies, and State Deputies.  Nobody is
634# counting (or re-counting) votes anymore and we know there will be a second
635# round for the Presidency and also for some Governors.  The 2nd round will
636# take place on October 27th.
637#
638# The reason why the DST will only begin November 3rd is that the thousands
639# of electoral machines used cannot have their time changed, and since the
640# Constitution says the elections must begin at 8:00 AM and end at 5:00 PM,
641# the Government decided to postpone DST, instead of changing the Constitution
642# (maybe, for the next elections, it will be possible to change the clock)...
643
644# From Rodrigo Severo (2004-10-04):
645# It's just the biannual change made necessary by the much hyped, supposedly
646# modern Brazilian eletronic voting machines which, apparently, can't deal
647# with a time change between the first and the second rounds of the elections.
648
649# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-20):
650# Brazil will start DST on 2007-10-14 00:00 and end on 2008-02-17 00:00:
651# http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do;jsessionid=BBA06811AFCAAC28F0285210913513DA?newsId=13975
652
653# From Paul Schulze (2008-06-24):
654# ...by law number 11.662 of April 24, 2008 (published in the "Diario
655# Oficial da União"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
656# effective today (00:00am at June 24, 2008) as follows:
657#
658# a) The timezone UTC+5 is extinguished, with all the Acre state and the
659# part of the Amazonas state that had this timezone now being put to the
660# timezone UTC+4
661# b) The whole Pará state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
662# part of it, as was before.
663#
664# This change follows a proposal of senator Tiao Viana of Acre state, that
665# proposed it due to concerns about open television channels displaying
666# programs inappropriate to youths in the states that had the timezone
667# UTC+5 too early in the night. In the occasion, some more corrections
668# were proposed, trying to unify the timezones of any given state. This
669# change modifies timezone rules defined in decree 2.784 of 18 June,
670# 1913.
671
672# From Rodrigo Severo (2008-06-24):
673# Just correcting the URL:
674# https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=do&secao=1&pagina=1&data=25/04/2008
675#
676# As a result of the above Decree I believe the America/Rio_Branco
677# timezone shall be modified from UTC-5 to UTC-4 and a new timezone shall
678# be created to represent the...west side of the Pará State. I
679# suggest this new timezone be called Santarem as the most
680# important/populated city in the affected area.
681#
682# This new timezone would be the same as the Rio_Branco timezone up to
683# the 2008/06/24 change which would be to UTC-3 instead of UTC-4.
684
685# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-24):
686# This is a quick reference page for New and Old Brazil Time Zones map.
687# http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php
688#
689# - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones - eliminating time zone UTC-05
690# (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT-04) - western
691# part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC-03 (from UTC-04).
692
693# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
694# The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
695# Decretos sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil.
696# http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
697
698# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-29):
699# As announced by the government and many newspapers in Brazil late
700# yesterday, Brazil will start DST on 2008-10-19 (need to change rule) and
701# it will end on 2009-02-15 (current rule for Brazil is fine). Based on
702# past years experience with the elections, there was a good chance that
703# the start was postponed to November, but it did not happen this year.
704#
705# It has not yet been posted to http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
706#
707# An official page about it:
708# http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722
709# Note that this link does not always work directly, but must be accessed
710# by going to
711# http://www.mme.gov.br/first
712#
713# One example link that works directly:
714# http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54
715# (Portuguese)
716#
717# We have a written a short article about it as well:
718# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html
719#
720# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-04):
721# State Bahia will return to Daylight savings time this year after 8 years off.
722# The announcement was made by Governor Jaques Wagner in an interview to a
723# television station in Salvador.
724
725# In Portuguese:
726# http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2011/10/governador-jaques-wagner-confirma-horario-de-verao-na-bahia.html
727# https://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5390887-EI8139,00-Bahia+volta+a+ter+horario+de+verao+apos+oito+anos.html
728
729# From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-07):
730# There is news in the media, however there is still no decree about it.
731# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
732# official agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
733# still in force.
734
735# From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-14)
736# It's official, the President signed a decree that includes Bahia in summer
737# time.
738#	 [ and in a second message (same day): ]
739# I found the decree.
740#
741# DECRETO No. 7.584, DE 13 DE OUTUBRO DE 2011
742# Link :
743# http://www.in.gov.br/visualiza/index.jsp?data=13/10/2011&jornal=1000&pagina=6&totalArquivos=6
744
745# From Kelley Cook (2012-10-16):
746# The governor of state of Bahia in Brazil announced on Thursday that
747# due to public pressure, he is reversing the DST policy they implemented
748# last year and will not be going to Summer Time on October 21st....
749# http://www.correio24horas.com.br/r/artigo/apos-pressoes-wagner-suspende-horario-de-verao-na-bahia
750
751# From Rodrigo Severo (2012-10-16):
752# Tocantins state will have DST.
753# https://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI6232536-EI306.html
754
755# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-20):
756# Tocantins in Brazil is very likely not to observe DST from October....
757# http://conexaoto.com.br/2013/09/18/ministerio-confirma-que-tocantins-esta-fora-do-horario-de-verao-em-2013-mas-falta-publicacao-de-decreto
758# We will keep this article updated when this is confirmed:
759# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-starts-dst-2013.html
760
761# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-10-17):
762# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/acre-amazonas-change-time-zone.html
763# Senator Jorge Viana announced that Acre will change time zone on November 10.
764# He did not specify the time of the change, nor if western parts of Amazonas
765# will change as well.
766#
767# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-17):
768# For now, assume western Amazonas will change as well.
769
770# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
771# Decree 20,466 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV20466.htm> (1931-10-01)
772# Decree 21,896 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV21896.htm> (1932-01-10)
773Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1:00	-
774Rule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
775Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	-
776# Decree 23,195 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV23195.htm> (1933-10-10)
777# revoked DST.
778# Decree 27,496 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27496.htm> (1949-11-24)
779# Decree 27,998 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV27998.htm> (1950-04-13)
780Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
781Rule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 1:00	0	-
782Rule	Brazil	1951	1952	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
783# Decree 32,308 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV32308.htm> (1953-02-24)
784Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
785# Decree 34,724 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV34724.htm> (1953-11-30)
786# revoked DST.
787# Decree 52,700 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV52700.htm> (1963-10-18)
788# established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
789# in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
790# Decree 53,071 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53071.htm> (1963-12-03)
791# extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
792Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1:00	-
793# Decree 53,604 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV53604.htm> (1964-02-25)
794# extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
795Rule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
796# Decree 55,639 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV55639.htm> (1965-01-27)
797Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	-
798Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Mar	31	 0:00	0	-
799# Decree 57,303 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57303.htm> (1965-11-22)
800Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
801# Decree 57,843 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV57843.htm> (1966-02-18)
802Rule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
803Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
804# Decree 63,429 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV63429.htm> (1968-10-15)
805# revoked DST.
806# Decree 91,698 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV91698.htm> (1985-09-27)
807Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	-
808# Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
809# Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
810Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	-
811# Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
812Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	-
813Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	-
814# Decree 94,922 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV94922.htm> (1987-09-22)
815Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	-
816Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	-
817# Decree 96,676 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV96676.htm> (1988-09-12)
818# except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
819Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	-
820Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	29	 0:00	0	-
821# Decree 98,077 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV98077.htm> (1989-08-21)
822# with the same exceptions
823Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Oct	15	 0:00	1:00	-
824Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
825# Decree 99,530 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV99530.htm> (1990-09-17)
826# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
827# Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
828Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	1:00	-
829Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Feb	17	 0:00	0	-
830# Unnumbered decree <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1991.htm> (1991-09-25)
831# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
832Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Oct	20	 0:00	1:00	-
833Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Feb	 9	 0:00	0	-
834# Unnumbered decree <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1992.htm> (1992-10-16)
835# adopted by same states.
836Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	-
837Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	-
838# Decree 942 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV942.htm> (1993-09-28)
839# adopted by same states, plus AM.
840# Decree 1,252 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1252.htm> (1994-09-22;
841# web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
842# Decree 1,636 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1636.htm> (1995-09-14)
843# adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
844# Decree 1,674 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV1674.htm> (1995-10-13)
845# adds AL, SE.
846Rule	Brazil	1993	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=11	 0:00	1:00	-
847Rule	Brazil	1994	1995	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
848Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
849# Decree 2,000 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HV2000.htm> (1996-09-04)
850# adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
851Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	-
852Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	-
853# From Daniel C. Sobral (1998-02-12):
854# In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
855# because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
856# they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit.
857# This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1
858# to help dealing with the shortages of electric power.
859#
860# Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
861Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	-
862# Decree 2,495 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV2495.JPG>
863# (1998-02-10)
864Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
865# Decree 2,780 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/Hv98.jpg> (1998-09-11)
866# adopted by the same states as before.
867Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Oct	11	 0:00	1:00	-
868Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Feb	21	 0:00	0	-
869# Decree 3,150 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3150.gif>
870# (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
871# Decree 3,188 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV99.gif> (1999-09-30)
872# adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
873Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	-
874Rule	Brazil	2000	only	-	Feb	27	 0:00	0	-
875# Decree 3,592 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DEC3592.htm> (2000-09-06)
876# adopted by the same states as before.
877# Decree 3,630 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3630.jpg> (2000-10-13)
878# repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
879# Decree 3,632 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/Dec3632.jpg> (2000-10-17)
880# repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
881# Decree 3,916 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/figuras/HV3916.gif>
882# (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
883Rule	Brazil	2000	2001	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	-
884Rule	Brazil	2001	2006	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
885# Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
886# 4,399 <http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2002/D4399.htm>
887Rule	Brazil	2002	only	-	Nov	 3	 0:00	1:00	-
888# Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
889# 4,844 <http://www.presidencia.gov.br/CCIVIL/decreto/2003/D4844.htm>
890Rule	Brazil	2003	only	-	Oct	19	 0:00	1:00	-
891# Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
892# 5,223 <http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2004-2006/2004/Decreto/D5223.htm>
893Rule	Brazil	2004	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	-
894# Decree 5,539 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5539.gif> (2005-09-19),
895# adopted by the same states as before.
896Rule	Brazil	2005	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	-
897# Decree 5,920 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV5920.gif> (2006-10-03),
898# adopted by the same states as before.
899Rule	Brazil	2006	only	-	Nov	 5	 0:00	1:00	-
900Rule	Brazil	2007	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	0	-
901# Decree 6,212 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV6212.gif> (2007-09-26),
902# adopted by the same states as before.
903Rule	Brazil	2007	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	-
904# From Frederico A. C. Neves (2008-09-10):
905# According to this decree
906# http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm
907# [t]he DST period in Brazil now on will be from the 3rd Oct Sunday to the
908# 3rd Feb Sunday. There is an exception on the return date when this is
909# the Carnival Sunday then the return date will be the next Sunday...
910Rule	Brazil	2008	2017	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	-
911Rule	Brazil	2008	2011	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
912# Decree 7,584 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HVdecreto7584_20111013.jpg> (2011-10-13)
913# added Bahia.
914Rule	Brazil	2012	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
915# Decree 7,826 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HVdecreto7826_20121015.jpg> (2012-10-15)
916# removed Bahia and added Tocantins.
917# Decree 8,112 <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HVdecreto8112_20130930.JPG> (2013-09-30)
918# removed Tocantins.
919Rule	Brazil	2013	2014	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
920Rule	Brazil	2015	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
921Rule	Brazil	2016	2022	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
922# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-12-18):
923# According to many media sources, next year's DST start in Brazil will move to
924# the first Sunday of November, and it will stay like that for the years after.
925# ... https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-delays-dst-2018.html
926# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-12-20):
927# http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2017/decreto/D9242.htm
928Rule	Brazil	2018	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
929Rule	Brazil	2023	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
930Rule	Brazil	2024	2025	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
931Rule	Brazil	2026	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
932Rule	Brazil	2027	2033	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
933Rule	Brazil	2034	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
934Rule	Brazil	2035	2036	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
935Rule	Brazil	2037	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
936# From Arthur David Olson (2008-09-29):
937# The next is wrong in some years but is better than nothing.
938Rule	Brazil	2038	max	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
939
940# The latest ruleset listed above says that the following states observe DST:
941# DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
942
943# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
944#
945# Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE)
946Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
947			-2:00	Brazil	-02/-01	1990 Sep 17
948			-2:00	-	-02	1999 Sep 30
949			-2:00	Brazil	-02/-01	2000 Oct 15
950			-2:00	-	-02	2001 Sep 13
951			-2:00	Brazil	-02/-01	2002 Oct  1
952			-2:00	-	-02
953# Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
954# These include Trindade and Martim Vaz (administratively part of ES),
955# Rocas Atoll (RN), and the St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (PE).
956# Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
957# it also included the Penedos.
958#
959# Amapá (AP), east Pará (PA)
960# East Pará includes Belém, Marabá, Serra Norte, and São Félix do Xingu.
961# The division between east and west Pará is the river Xingu.
962# In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
963# the border with Amapá) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
964Zone America/Belem	-3:13:56 -	LMT	1914
965			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1988 Sep 12
966			-3:00	-	-03
967#
968# west Pará (PA)
969# West Pará includes Altamira, Óbidos, Prainha, Oriximiná, and Santarém.
970Zone America/Santarem	-3:38:48 -	LMT	1914
971			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
972			-4:00	-	-04	2008 Jun 24  0:00
973			-3:00	-	-03
974#
975# Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
976# Paraíba (PB)
977Zone America/Fortaleza	-2:34:00 -	LMT	1914
978			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
979			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Sep 30
980			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2000 Oct 22
981			-3:00	-	-03	2001 Sep 13
982			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2002 Oct  1
983			-3:00	-	-03
984#
985# Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
986Zone America/Recife	-2:19:36 -	LMT	1914
987			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
988			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Sep 30
989			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2000 Oct 15
990			-3:00	-	-03	2001 Sep 13
991			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2002 Oct  1
992			-3:00	-	-03
993#
994# Tocantins (TO)
995Zone America/Araguaina	-3:12:48 -	LMT	1914
996			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
997			-3:00	-	-03	1995 Sep 14
998			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2003 Sep 24
999			-3:00	-	-03	2012 Oct 21
1000			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2013 Sep
1001			-3:00	-	-03
1002#
1003# Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
1004Zone America/Maceio	-2:22:52 -	LMT	1914
1005			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
1006			-3:00	-	-03	1995 Oct 13
1007			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1996 Sep  4
1008			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Sep 30
1009			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2000 Oct 22
1010			-3:00	-	-03	2001 Sep 13
1011			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2002 Oct  1
1012			-3:00	-	-03
1013#
1014# Bahia (BA)
1015# There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead
1016# of America/Salvador.
1017Zone America/Bahia	-2:34:04 -	LMT	1914
1018			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2003 Sep 24
1019			-3:00	-	-03	2011 Oct 16
1020			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2012 Oct 21
1021			-3:00	-	-03
1022#
1023# Goiás (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
1024# Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR),
1025# Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
1026Zone America/Sao_Paulo	-3:06:28 -	LMT	1914
1027			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1963 Oct 23  0:00
1028			-3:00	1:00	-02	1964
1029			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02
1030#
1031# Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
1032Zone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 -	LMT	1914
1033			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03
1034#
1035# Mato Grosso (MT)
1036Zone America/Cuiaba	-3:44:20 -	LMT	1914
1037			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	2003 Sep 24
1038			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Oct  1
1039			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03
1040#
1041# Rondônia (RO)
1042Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -	LMT	1914
1043			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
1044			-4:00	-	-04
1045#
1046# Roraima (RR)
1047Zone America/Boa_Vista	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1914
1048			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
1049			-4:00	-	-04	1999 Sep 30
1050			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	2000 Oct 15
1051			-4:00	-	-04
1052#
1053# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutaí, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
1054# The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
1055# east from west Amazonas.
1056Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
1057			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
1058			-4:00	-	-04	1993 Sep 28
1059			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1994 Sep 22
1060			-4:00	-	-04
1061#
1062# west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
1063#	Eirunepé, Envira, Ipixuna
1064Zone America/Eirunepe	-4:39:28 -	LMT	1914
1065			-5:00	Brazil	-05/-04	1988 Sep 12
1066			-5:00	-	-05	1993 Sep 28
1067			-5:00	Brazil	-05/-04	1994 Sep 22
1068			-5:00	-	-05	2008 Jun 24  0:00
1069			-4:00	-	-04	2013 Nov 10
1070			-5:00	-	-05
1071#
1072# Acre (AC)
1073Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
1074			-5:00	Brazil	-05/-04	1988 Sep 12
1075			-5:00	-	-05	2008 Jun 24  0:00
1076			-4:00	-	-04	2013 Nov 10
1077			-5:00	-	-05
1078
1079# Chile
1080
1081# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-03):
1082# Shanks & Pottenger says America/Santiago introduced standard time in
1083# 1890 and rounds its UT offset to 70W40; guess that in practice this
1084# was the same offset as in 1916-1919.  It also says Pacific/Easter
1085# standardized on 109W22 in 1890; assume this didn't change the clocks.
1086#
1087# Dates for America/Santiago from 1910 to 2004 are primarily from
1088# the following source, cited by Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
1089# [1] Chile Law
1090# http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/chile.html
1091# This contains a copy of this official table:
1092# Cambios en la hora oficial de Chile desde 1900 (retrieved 2008-03-30)
1093# https://web.archive.org/web/20080330200901/http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
1094# [1] needs several corrections, though.
1095#
1096# The first set of corrections is from:
1097# [2] History of the Official Time of Chile
1098# http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html (retrieved 2012-03-06).  See:
1099# https://web.archive.org/web/20120306042032/http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html
1100# This is an English translation of:
1101# Historia de la hora oficial de Chile (retrieved 2012-10-24).  See:
1102# https://web.archive.org/web/20121024234627/http://www.horaoficial.cl/horaof.htm
1103# A fancier Spanish version (requiring mouse-clicking) is at:
1104# http://www.horaoficial.cl/historia_hora.html
1105# Conflicts between [1] and [2] were resolved as follows:
1106#
1107#  - [1] says the 1910 transition was Jan 1, [2] says Jan 10 and cites
1108#    Boletín No. 1, Aviso No. 1 (1910).  Go with [2].
1109#
1110#  - [1] says SMT was -4:42:45, [2] says Chile's official time from
1111#    1916 to 1919 was -4:42:46.3, the meridian of Chile's National
1112#    Astronomical Observatory (OAN), then located in what is now
1113#    Quinta Normal in Santiago.  Go with [2], rounding it to -4:42:46.
1114#
1115#  - [1] says the 1918 transition was Sep 1, [2] says Sep 10 and cites
1116#    Boletín No. 22, Aviso No. 129/1918 (1918-08-23).  Go with [2].
1117#
1118#  - [1] does not give times for transitions; assume they occur
1119#    at midnight mainland time, the current common practice.  However,
1120#    go with [2]'s specification of 23:00 for the 1947-05-21 transition.
1121#
1122# Another correction to [1] is from Jesper Nørgaard Welen, who
1123# wrote (2006-10-08), "I think that there are some obvious mistakes in
1124# the suggested link from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66
1125# says that GMT-4 ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at
1126# 1990-09-15 (they should have been 1990-09-15 and 1990-09-16
1127# respectively), but anyhow it clears up some doubts too."
1128#
1129# Data for Pacific/Easter from 1910 through 1967 come from Shanks &
1130# Pottenger.  After that, for lack of better info assume
1131# Pacific/Easter is always two hours behind America/Santiago;
1132# this is known to work for DST transitions starting in 2008 and
1133# may well be true for earlier transitions.
1134
1135# From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19):
1136# The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY
1137# of October....  The law is the same for March and October.
1138# (1998-09-29):
1139# Because of the drought this year, the government decided to go into
1140# DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
1141# (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).
1142
1143# From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
1144# Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
1145# on April 3, (one-time change).
1146
1147# From Germán Poo-Caamaño (2008-03-03):
1148# Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks.  This
1149# is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago
1150# and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter)
1151# The Supreme Decree is located at
1152# http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf
1153#
1154# From José Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
1155# http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm
1156
1157# From Angel Chiang (2010-03-04):
1158# Subject: DST in Chile exceptionally extended to 3 April due to earthquake
1159# http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098
1160#
1161# From Arthur David Olson (2010-03-06):
1162# Angel Chiang's message confirmed by Julio Pacheco; Julio provided a patch.
1163
1164# From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-28):
1165# http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E}
1166# In English:
1167# Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
1168# of this Saturday. They will go forward again the 3rd Saturday in
1169# August, not in October as they have since 1968.
1170
1171# From Mauricio Parada (2012-02-22), translated by Glenn Eychaner (2012-02-23):
1172# As stated in the website of the Chilean Energy Ministry
1173# http://www.minenergia.cl/ministerio/noticias/generales/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de.html
1174# The Chilean Government has decided to postpone the entrance into winter time
1175# (to leave DST) from March 11 2012 to April 28th 2012....
1176# Quote from the website communication:
1177#
1178# 6. For the year 2012, the dates of entry into winter time will be as follows:
1179# a. Saturday April 28, 2012, clocks should go back 60 minutes; that is, at
1180# 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be 23:00
1181# of the same day.
1182# b. Saturday, September 1, 2012, clocks should go forward 60 minutes; that is,
1183# at 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be
1184# 01:00 on September 2.
1185
1186# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-02-15):
1187# According to several news sources, Chile has extended DST this year,
1188# they will end DST later and start DST earlier than planned.  They
1189# hope to save energy.  The new end date is 2013-04-28 00:00 and new
1190# start date is 2013-09-08 00:00....
1191# http://www.gob.cl/informa/2013/02/15/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de-hora-para-el-ano-2013.htm
1192
1193# From José Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
1194# Today appeared in the Diario Oficial a decree amending the time change
1195# dates to 2014.
1196# DST End: last Saturday of April 2014 (Sun 27 Apr 2014 03:00 UTC)
1197# DST Start: first Saturday of September 2014 (Sun 07 Sep 2014 04:00 UTC)
1198# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl//media/2014/02/19/do-20140219.pdf
1199
1200# From Eduardo Romero Urra (2015-03-03):
1201# Today has been published officially that Chile will use the DST time
1202# permanently until March 25 of 2017
1203# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/media/2015/03/03/1-large.jpg
1204#
1205# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
1206# For now, assume that the extension will persist indefinitely.
1207
1208# From Juan Correa (2016-03-18):
1209# The decree regarding DST has been published in today's Official Gazette:
1210# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do/20160318/
1211# http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1088502
1212# It does consider the second Saturday of May and August as the dates
1213# for the transition; and it lists DST dates until 2019, but I think
1214# this scheme will stick.
1215#
1216# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1217# For now, assume the pattern holds for the indefinite future.
1218# The decree says transitions occur at 24:00; in practice this appears
1219# to mean 24:00 mainland time, not 24:00 local time, so that Easter
1220# Island is always two hours behind the mainland.
1221
1222# From Juan Correa (2016-12-04):
1223# Magallanes region ... will keep DST (UTC -3) all year round....
1224# http://www.soychile.cl/Santiago/Sociedad/2016/12/04/433428/Bachelet-firmo-el-decreto-para-establecer-un-horario-unico-para-la-Region-de-Magallanes.aspx
1225#
1226# From Deborah Goldsmith (2017-01-19):
1227# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2017/01/17/41660/01/1169626.pdf
1228# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-19):
1229# The above says the Magallanes change expires 2019-05-11 at 24:00,
1230# so in theory, they will revert to -04/-03 after that, which means
1231# they will switch from -03 to -04 one hour after Santiago does that day.
1232# For now, assume that they will not revert.
1233
1234# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1235Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	-
1236Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
1237Rule	Chile	1968	only	-	Nov	 3	4:00u	1:00	-
1238Rule	Chile	1969	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
1239Rule	Chile	1969	only	-	Nov	23	4:00u	1:00	-
1240Rule	Chile	1970	only	-	Mar	29	3:00u	0	-
1241Rule	Chile	1971	only	-	Mar	14	3:00u	0	-
1242Rule	Chile	1970	1972	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	-
1243Rule	Chile	1972	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
1244Rule	Chile	1973	only	-	Sep	30	4:00u	1:00	-
1245Rule	Chile	1974	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	-
1246Rule	Chile	1987	only	-	Apr	12	3:00u	0	-
1247Rule	Chile	1988	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
1248Rule	Chile	1988	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	-
1249Rule	Chile	1990	only	-	Sep	16	4:00u	1:00	-
1250Rule	Chile	1991	1996	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
1251Rule	Chile	1991	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	-
1252Rule	Chile	1997	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
1253Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
1254Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Sep	27	4:00u	1:00	-
1255Rule	Chile	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	3:00u	0	-
1256Rule	Chile	1999	2010	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	-
1257Rule	Chile	2000	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
1258# N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
1259# which is used below in specifying the transition.
1260Rule	Chile	2008	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
1261Rule	Chile	2009	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
1262Rule	Chile	2010	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00u	0	-
1263Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	May	Sun>=2	3:00u	0	-
1264Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	Aug	Sun>=16	4:00u	1:00	-
1265Rule	Chile	2012	2014	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
1266Rule	Chile	2012	2014	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	-
1267Rule	Chile	2016	max	-	May	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
1268Rule	Chile	2016	max	-	Aug	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	-
1269# IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
1270# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
1271# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1272Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:46 -	LMT	1890
1273			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1910 Jan 10 # Santiago Mean Time
1274			-5:00	-	-05	1916 Jul  1
1275			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1918 Sep 10
1276			-4:00	-	-04	1919 Jul  1
1277			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1
1278			-5:00	Chile	-05/-04	1932 Sep  1
1279			-4:00	-	-04	1942 Jun  1
1280			-5:00	-	-05	1942 Aug  1
1281			-4:00	-	-04	1946 Jul 15
1282			-4:00	1:00	-03	1946 Sep  1 # central Chile
1283			-4:00	-	-04	1947 Apr  1
1284			-5:00	-	-05	1947 May 21 23:00
1285			-4:00	Chile	-04/-03
1286Zone America/Punta_Arenas -4:43:40 -	LMT	1890
1287			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1910 Jan 10
1288			-5:00	-	-05	1916 Jul  1
1289			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1918 Sep 10
1290			-4:00	-	-04	1919 Jul  1
1291			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1
1292			-5:00	Chile	-05/-04	1932 Sep  1
1293			-4:00	-	-04	1942 Jun  1
1294			-5:00	-	-05	1942 Aug  1
1295			-4:00	-	-04	1947 Apr  1
1296			-5:00	-	-05	1947 May 21 23:00
1297			-4:00	Chile	-04/-03	2016 Dec  4
1298			-3:00	-	-03
1299Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890
1300			-7:17:28 -	EMT	1932 Sep    # Easter Mean Time
1301			-7:00	Chile	-07/-06	1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time
1302			-6:00	Chile	-06/-05
1303#
1304# Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited.
1305# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
1306# and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
1307
1308# Antarctic base using South American rules
1309# (See the file 'antarctica' for more.)
1310#
1311# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
1312#
1313# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
1314# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
1315# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
1316# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
1317# Palmer has followed Chile.  Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
1318# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
1319#
1320# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1321Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	-00	1965
1322			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
1323			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1982 May
1324			-4:00	Chile	-04/-03	2016 Dec  4
1325			-3:00	-	-03
1326
1327# Colombia
1328
1329# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899; round to nearest.  He writes,
1330# "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
1331
1332# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1333Rule	CO	1992	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	-
1334Rule	CO	1993	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	0	-
1335# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1336Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:16 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
1337			-4:56:16 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
1338			-5:00	CO	-05/-04
1339# Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
1340# no information; probably like America/Bogota
1341
1342# Curaçao
1343
1344# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
1345#
1346# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1347# Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
1348# -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
1349# Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
1350# 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.  The former is dubious, since S&P also say
1351# Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
1352# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
1353#
1354# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
1355# associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
1356# Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
1357# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands.  This won't affect their time zones
1358# though, as far as we know.
1359#
1360# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1361Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:47 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
1362			-4:30	-	-0430	1965
1363			-4:00	-	AST
1364
1365# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
1366# use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
1367# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen characters
1368# and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
1369
1370Link	America/Curacao	America/Lower_Princes	# Sint Maarten
1371Link	America/Curacao	America/Kralendijk	# Caribbean Netherlands
1372
1373# Ecuador
1374#
1375# Milne says the Central and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
1376#
1377# From Alois Treindl (2016-12-15):
1378# https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/hora-sixto-1993.html
1379# ... Whether the law applied also to Galápagos, I do not know.
1380# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-15):
1381# https://www.elcomercio.com/afull/modificacion-husohorario-ecuador-presidentes-decreto.html
1382# This says President Sixto Durán Ballén signed decree No. 285, which
1383# established DST from 1992-11-28 to 1993-02-05; it does not give transition
1384# times.  The people called it "hora de Sixto" ("Sixto hour").  The change did
1385# not go over well; a popular song "Qué hora es" by Jaime Guevara had lyrics
1386# that included "Amanecía en mitad de la noche, los guaguas iban a clase sin
1387# sol" ("It was dawning in the middle of the night, the buses went to class
1388# without sun").  Although Ballén's campaign slogan was "Ni un paso atrás"
1389# (Not one step back), the clocks went back in 1993 and the experiment was not
1390# repeated.  For now, assume transitions were at 00:00 local time country-wide.
1391#
1392# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1393Rule	Ecuador	1992	only	-	Nov	28	0:00	1:00	-
1394Rule	Ecuador	1993	only	-	Feb	 5	0:00	0	-
1395#
1396# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1397Zone America/Guayaquil	-5:19:20 -	LMT	1890
1398			-5:14:00 -	QMT	1931 # Quito Mean Time
1399			-5:00	Ecuador	-05/-04
1400Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
1401			-5:00	-	-05	1986
1402			-6:00	Ecuador	-06/-05
1403
1404# Falklands
1405
1406# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1407# Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks & Pottenger and the IATA agree except
1408# the IATA gives 1996-09-08.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1409
1410# From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
1411# via Jesper Nørgaard:
1412# ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
1413# April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
1414# September.  It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
1415# am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on
1416# Sunday 1 September.
1417
1418# From Rives McDow (2001-02-13):
1419#
1420# I have communicated several times with people there, and the last
1421# time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998.  Here is
1422# what was said then:
1423#
1424# "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp
1425# did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have
1426# started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time')
1427# There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of
1428# personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who
1429# uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as
1430# it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th
1431# and started again on September 12/13th.  I do not know what the rule
1432# is, but can find out if you like.  We do not change at the same time
1433# as UK or Chile."
1434#
1435# I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at
1436# 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00".  I think that this does
1437# not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true?
1438#
1439# Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the
1440# Falklands do not use DST.  I have found in my communications there
1441# that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of
1442# West Falkland.  Stanley is the only place that consistently observes
1443# DST.  Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like
1444# it.  West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers.
1445#
1446# I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and
1447# which doesn't each year.  She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that
1448# the list changes each year.  She uses it to communicate to her
1449# customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner.
1450
1451# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
1452# For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no
1453# better info.
1454
1455# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-04-01):
1456# The Falkland Islands will not turn back clocks this winter, but stay on
1457# daylight saving time.
1458#
1459# One source:
1460# http://www.falklandnews.com/public/story.cfm?get=5914&source=3
1461#
1462# We have gotten this confirmed by a clerk of the legislative assembly:
1463# Normally the clocks revert to Local Mean Time (UTC/GMT -4 hours) on the
1464# third Sunday of April at 0200hrs and advance to Summer Time (UTC/GMT -3
1465# hours) on the first Sunday of September at 0200hrs.
1466#
1467# IMPORTANT NOTE: During 2011, on a trial basis, the Falkland Islands
1468# will not revert to local mean time, but clocks will remain on Summer
1469# time (UTC/GMT - 3 hours) throughout the whole of 2011.  Any long term
1470# change to local time following the trial period will be notified.
1471#
1472# From Andrew Newman (2012-02-24)
1473# A letter from Justin McPhee, Chief Executive,
1474# Cable & Wireless Falkland Islands (dated 2012-02-22)
1475# states...
1476#   The current Atlantic/Stanley entry under South America expects the
1477#   clocks to go back to standard Falklands Time (FKT) on the 15th April.
1478#   The database entry states that in 2011 Stanley was staying on fixed
1479#   summer time on a trial basis only.  FIG need to contact IANA and/or
1480#   the maintainers of the database to inform them we're adopting
1481#   the same policy this year and suggest recommendations for future years.
1482#
1483# For now we will assume permanent -03 for the Falklands
1484# until advised differently (to apply for 2012 and beyond, after the 2011
1485# experiment was apparently successful.)
1486# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1487Rule	Falk	1937	1938	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	-
1488Rule	Falk	1938	1942	-	Mar	Sun>=19	0:00	0	-
1489Rule	Falk	1939	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	1:00	-
1490Rule	Falk	1940	1942	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	-
1491Rule	Falk	1943	only	-	Jan	1	0:00	0	-
1492Rule	Falk	1983	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	-
1493Rule	Falk	1984	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	0	-
1494Rule	Falk	1984	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	1:00	-
1495Rule	Falk	1985	2000	-	Sep	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	-
1496Rule	Falk	1986	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	0	-
1497Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
1498Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	-
1499# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1500Zone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
1501			-3:51:24 -	SMT	1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
1502			-4:00	Falk	-04/-03	1983 May
1503			-3:00	Falk	-03/-02	1985 Sep 15
1504			-4:00	Falk	-04/-03	2010 Sep  5  2:00
1505			-3:00	-	-03
1506
1507# French Guiana
1508# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1509Zone America/Cayenne	-3:29:20 -	LMT	1911 Jul
1510			-4:00	-	-04	1967 Oct
1511			-3:00	-	-03
1512
1513# Guyana
1514# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1515Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar    # Georgetown
1516			-3:45	-	-0345	1975 Jul 31
1517			-3:00	-	-03	1991
1518# IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00.  Assume a 1991 switch.
1519			-4:00	-	-04
1520
1521# Paraguay
1522#
1523# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1524# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are 01:00 -> 02:00,
1525# and autumn transitions are 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with pre-1999
1526# editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
1527#
1528# From Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo (2013-09-20):
1529# No time of the day is established for the adjustment, so people normally
1530# adjust their clocks at 0 hour of the given dates.
1531#
1532# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1533Rule	Para	1975	1988	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	-
1534Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
1535Rule	Para	1979	1991	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
1536Rule	Para	1989	only	-	Oct	22	0:00	1:00	-
1537Rule	Para	1990	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	-
1538Rule	Para	1991	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00	1:00	-
1539Rule	Para	1992	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
1540Rule	Para	1992	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	1:00	-
1541Rule	Para	1993	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	0	-
1542Rule	Para	1993	1995	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	-
1543Rule	Para	1994	1995	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
1544Rule	Para	1996	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
1545# IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now.
1546# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02):
1547# I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday
1548# (10-01).
1549#
1550# Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
1551# Noticias, a daily paper in Asunción, Paraguay (2000-10-01):
1552# http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm
1553# Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
1554# fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power....  The time change
1555# system has been operating for several years.  Formerly there was a separate
1556# decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently.  Every
1557# year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the
1558# clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March.
1559#
1560Rule	Para	1996	2001	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
1561# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1562Rule	Para	1997	only	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
1563# Shanks & Pottenger say 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but
1564# (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27).
1565Rule	Para	1998	2001	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
1566# From Rives McDow (2002-02-28):
1567# A decree was issued in Paraguay (No. 16350) on 2002-02-26 that changed the
1568# dst method to be from the first Sunday in September to the first Sunday in
1569# April.
1570Rule	Para	2002	2004	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
1571Rule	Para	2002	2003	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
1572#
1573# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
1574# There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
1575# a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
1576# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
1577# Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
1578# From Carlos Raúl Perasso via Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
1579# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/decretos/D1867.pdf
1580Rule	Para	2004	2009	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	-
1581Rule	Para	2005	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
1582# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2010-02-18):
1583# By decree number 3958 issued yesterday
1584# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf
1585# Paraguay changes its DST schedule, postponing the March rule to April and
1586# modifying the October date. The decree reads:
1587# ...
1588# Art. 1. It is hereby established that from the second Sunday of the month of
1589# April of this year (2010), the official time is to be set back 60 minutes,
1590# and that on the first Sunday of the month of October, it is to be set
1591# forward 60 minutes, in all the territory of the Paraguayan Republic.
1592# ...
1593Rule	Para	2010	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
1594Rule	Para	2010	2012	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
1595#
1596# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-07):
1597# Paraguay will end DST on 2013-03-24 00:00....
1598# http://www.ande.gov.py/interna.php?id=1075
1599#
1600# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2013-03-15):
1601# The change in Paraguay is now final.  Decree number 10780
1602# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/uploads/pdf/presidencia-3b86ff4b691c79d4f5927ca964922ec74772ce857c02ca054a52a37b49afc7fb.pdf
1603# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2014-02-28):
1604# Decree 1264 can be found at:
1605# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/archivos/documentos/DECRETO1264_ey9r8zai.pdf
1606Rule	Para	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
1607
1608# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1609Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
1610			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time
1611			-4:00	-	-04	1972 Oct
1612			-3:00	-	-03	1974 Apr
1613			-4:00	Para	-04/-03
1614
1615# Peru
1616#
1617# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26)
1618# <news:xrGmb.39935$gA1.13896113@news4.srv.hcvlny.cv.net>:
1619# When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
1620# sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
1621#
1622# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1623# Shanks & Pottenger don't have this transition.  Assume 1986 was like 1987.
1624
1625# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1626Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	-
1627Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
1628Rule	Peru	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	-
1629Rule	Peru	1939	1940	-	Mar	Sun>=24	0:00	0	-
1630Rule	Peru	1986	1987	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	-
1631Rule	Peru	1986	1987	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
1632Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	-
1633Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
1634# IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1635Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	-
1636Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
1637# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1638Zone	America/Lima	-5:08:12 -	LMT	1890
1639			-5:08:36 -	LMT	1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
1640			-5:00	Peru	-05/-04
1641
1642# South Georgia
1643# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1644Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890 # Grytviken
1645			-2:00	-	-02
1646
1647# South Sandwich Is
1648# uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
1649
1650# Suriname
1651# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1652Zone America/Paramaribo	-3:40:40 -	LMT	1911
1653			-3:40:52 -	PMT	1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
1654			-3:40:36 -	PMT	1945 Oct    # The capital moved?
1655			-3:30	-	-0330	1984 Oct
1656			-3:00	-	-03
1657
1658# Trinidad and Tobago
1659# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1660Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
1661			-4:00	-	AST
1662
1663# These all agree with Trinidad and Tobago since 1970.
1664Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Anguilla
1665Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Antigua
1666Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Dominica
1667Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Grenada
1668Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe
1669Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot	# St Martin (French part)
1670Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat
1671Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy # St Barthélemy
1672Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts	# St Kitts & Nevis
1673Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia
1674Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas	# Virgin Islands (US)
1675Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Vincent
1676Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Tortola	# Virgin Islands (UK)
1677
1678# Uruguay
1679# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
1680# Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
1681#
1682# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-20), per Jeremie Bonjour (2018-01-31) and Michael
1683# Deckers (2018-02-20):
1684# ... At least they kept good records...
1685#
1686# http://www.armada.mil.uy/ContenidosPDFs/sohma/web/almanaque/almanaque_2018.pdf#page=36
1687# Page 36 of Almanaque 2018, published by the Oceanography, Hydrography, and
1688# Meteorology Service of the Uruguayan Navy, seems to give many transitions
1689# with greater clarity than we've had before.  It directly references many laws
1690# and decrees which are, in turn, referenced below.  They can be viewed in the
1691# public archives of the Diario Oficial (in Spanish) at
1692# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/
1693#
1694# Ley No. 3920 of 1908-06-10 placed the determination of legal time under the
1695# auspices of the National Institute for the Prediction of Time.  It is unclear
1696# exactly what offset was used during this period, though Ley No. 7200 of
1697# 1920-04-23 used the Observatory of the National Meteorological Institute in
1698# Montevideo (34° 54' 33" S, 56° 12' 45" W) as its reference meridian,
1699# retarding legal time by 15 minutes 9 seconds from 1920-04-30 24:00,
1700# resulting in UT-04.  Assume the corresponding LMT of UT-03:44:51 (given on
1701# page 725 of the Proceedings of the Second Pan-American Scientific Congress,
1702# 1915-1916) was in use, and merely became official from 1908-06-10.
1703# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1908/06/18/12
1704# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1920/04/27/9
1705#
1706# Ley No. 7594 of 1923-06-28 specified legal time as Observatory time advanced
1707# by 44 minutes 51 seconds (UT-03) "from 30 September to 31 March", and by 14
1708# minutes 51 seconds (UT-03:30) "the rest of the year"; a message from the
1709# National Council of Administration the same day, published directly below the
1710# law in the Diario Oficial, specified the first transition to be 1923-09-30
1711# 24:00.  This effectively established standard time at UT-03:30 with 30
1712# minutes DST.  Assume transitions at 24:00 on the specified days until Ley No.
1713# 7919 of 1926-03-05 ended this arrangement, repealing all "laws and other
1714# provisions which oppose" it, resulting in year-round UT-03:30; a Resolución
1715# of 1926-03-11 puts the final transition at 1926-03-31 24:00, the same as it
1716# would have been under the previous law.
1717# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1923/07/02/2
1718# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1926/03/10/2
1719# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1926/03/18/2
1720#
1721# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1722Rule	Uruguay	1923	1925	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0:30	-
1723Rule	Uruguay	1924	1926	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
1724# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
1725# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1933/10/27/6
1726#
1727# It appears Ley No. 9122 of 1933 was never published as such in the Diario
1728# Oficial, but instead appeared as Document 26 in the Diario on Friday
1729# 1933-10-27 as a decree made Monday 1933-10-23 and filed under the Ministry of
1730# National Defense.  It reinstituted a DST of 30 minutes (to UT-03) "from the
1731# last Sunday of October...until the last Saturday of March."  In accordance
1732# with this provision, the first transition was explicitly specified in Article
1733# 2 of the decree as Saturday 1933-10-28 at 24:00; that is, Sunday 1933-10-29
1734# at 00:00.  Assume transitions at 00:00 Sunday throughout.
1735#
1736# Departing from the matter-of-fact nature of previous timekeeping laws, the
1737# 1933 decree "consider[s] the advantages of...the advance of legal time":
1738#
1739#   "Whereas: The measure adopted by almost all nations at the time of the last
1740#    World War still persists in North America and Europe, precisely because of
1741#    the economic, hygienic, and social advantages derived from such an
1742#    emergency measure...
1743#
1744#    Whereas: The advance of the legal time during the summer seasons, by
1745#    displacing social activity near sunrise, favors the citizen populations
1746#    and especially the society that creates and works..."
1747#
1748# It further specified that "necessary measures" be taken to ensure that
1749# "public spectacles finish, in general, before [01:00]."
1750Rule	Uruguay	1933	1938	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	-
1751Rule	Uruguay	1934	1941	-	Mar	lastSat	24:00	0	-
1752# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
1753# Most of the Rules below, and their contemporaneous Zone lines, have been
1754# updated simply to match the Almanaque 2018.  Although the document does not
1755# list exact transition times, midnight transitions were already present in our
1756# data here for all transitions through 2004-09, and this is both consistent
1757# with prior transitions and verified in several decrees marked below between
1758# 1939-09 and 2004-09, wherein the relevant text was typically of the form:
1759#
1760#   "From 0 hours on [date], the legal time of the entire Republic will be...
1761#
1762#    In accordance with [the preceding], on [previous date] at 24 hours, all
1763#    clocks throughout the Republic will be [advanced/retarded] by..."
1764#
1765# It is possible that there is greater specificity to be found for the Rules
1766# below, but it is buried in no fewer than 40 different decrees individually
1767# referenced by the Almanaque for the period from 1939-09 to 2014-09.
1768# Four-fifths of these were promulgated less than two weeks before taking
1769# effect; more than half within a week and none more than 5 weeks.  Only the
1770# handful with comments below have been checked with any thoroughness.
1771Rule	Uruguay	1939	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0:30	-
1772Rule	Uruguay	1940	only	-	Oct	27	 0:00	0:30	-
1773# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
1774# Decreto 1145 of the Ministry of National Defense, dated 1941-07-26, specified
1775# UT-03 from Friday 1941-08-01 00:00, citing an "urgent...need to save fuel".
1776# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1941/08/04/1
1777Rule	Uruguay	1941	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0:30	-
1778# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
1779# Decreto 1866 of the Ministry of National Defense, dated 1942-12-09, specified
1780# further advancement (to UT-02:30) from Sunday 1942-12-13 24:00.  Since clocks
1781# never went back to UT-03:30 thereafter, this is modeled as advancing standard
1782# time by 30 minutes to UT-03, while retaining 30 minutes of DST.
1783# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1942/12/16/3
1784Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	0:30	-
1785Rule	Uruguay	1943	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	-
1786Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	May	24	 0:00	0:30	-
1787Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	Nov	15	 0:00	0	-
1788Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Jan	17	 0:00	1:00	-
1789Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Mar	 6	 0:00	0	-
1790Rule	Uruguay	1965	only	-	Apr	 4	 0:00	1:00	-
1791Rule	Uruguay	1965	only	-	Sep	26	 0:00	0	-
1792# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
1793# Decreto 321/968 of 1968-05-25, citing emergency drought measures decreed the
1794# day before, brought clocks forward 30 minutes from Monday 1968-05-27 00:00.
1795# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1968/05/30/5
1796Rule	Uruguay	1968	only	-	May	27	 0:00	0:30	-
1797Rule	Uruguay	1968	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	0	-
1798# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
1799# Decreto 188/970 of 1970-04-23 instituted restrictions on electricity
1800# consumption "as a consequence of the current rainfall regime in the country".
1801# Articles 13 and 14 advanced clocks by an hour from Saturday 1970-04-25 00:00.
1802# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1970/04/29/4
1803Rule	Uruguay	1970	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	-
1804Rule	Uruguay	1970	only	-	Jun	14	 0:00	0	-
1805Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Apr	23	 0:00	1:00	-
1806Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Jul	16	 0:00	0	-
1807# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
1808# Decreto 29/974 of 1974-01-11, citing "the international rise in the price of
1809# oil", advanced clocks by 90 minutes (to UT-01:30).  Decreto 163/974 of
1810# 1974-03-04 returned 60 of those minutes (to UT-02:30), and the remaining 30
1811# minutes followed in Decreto 679/974 of 1974-08-29.
1812# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1974/01/22/11
1813# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1974/03/14/3
1814# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1974/09/04/6
1815Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Jan	13	 0:00	1:30	-
1816Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Mar	10	 0:00	0:30	-
1817Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
1818Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Dec	22	 0:00	1:00	-
1819Rule	Uruguay	1975	only	-	Mar	30	 0:00	0	-
1820Rule	Uruguay	1976	only	-	Dec	19	 0:00	1:00	-
1821Rule	Uruguay	1977	only	-	Mar	 6	 0:00	0	-
1822Rule	Uruguay	1977	only	-	Dec	 4	 0:00	1:00	-
1823Rule	Uruguay	1978	1979	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 0:00	0	-
1824Rule	Uruguay	1978	only	-	Dec	17	 0:00	1:00	-
1825Rule	Uruguay	1979	only	-	Apr	29	 0:00	1:00	-
1826Rule	Uruguay	1980	only	-	Mar	16	 0:00	0	-
1827# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
1828# Decreto 725/987 of 1987-12-04 cited "better use of national tourist
1829# attractions" to advance clocks one hour from Monday 1987-12-14 00:00.
1830# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1988/01/25/1
1831Rule	Uruguay	1987	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	-
1832Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Feb	28	 0:00	0	-
1833Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Dec	11	 0:00	1:00	-
1834Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Mar	 5	 0:00	0	-
1835Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	1:00	-
1836Rule	Uruguay	1990	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	0	-
1837# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15), per Paul Eggert (1999-11-04):
1838# IATA agrees as below for 1990-10 through 1993-02.  Per Almanaque 2018, the
1839# 1992/1993 season appears to be the first in over half a century where DST
1840# both began and ended pursuant to the same decree.
1841Rule	Uruguay	1990	1991	-	Oct	Sun>=21	 0:00	1:00	-
1842Rule	Uruguay	1991	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 0:00	0	-
1843Rule	Uruguay	1992	only	-	Oct	18	 0:00	1:00	-
1844Rule	Uruguay	1993	only	-	Feb	28	 0:00	0	-
1845# From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20):
1846# The Uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
1847# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
1848# Decreto 328/004 of 2004-09-15.
1849# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/2004/09/23/documentos.pdf#page=1
1850Rule	Uruguay	2004	only	-	Sep	19	 0:00	1:00	-
1851# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-03-11):
1852# Uruguay's DST was scheduled to end on Sunday, 2005-03-13, but in order to
1853# save energy ... it was postponed two weeks....
1854# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
1855# This 2005 postponement is not in Almanaque 2018.  Go with the contemporaneous
1856# reporting, which is confirmed by Decreto 107/005 of 2005-03-10 amending
1857# Decreto 328/004:
1858# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/2005/03/15/documentos.pdf#page=1
1859# The original decree specified a transition of 2005-03-12 24:00, but the new
1860# one specified 2005-03-27 02:00.
1861Rule	Uruguay	2005	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00	0	-
1862# From Eduardo Cota (2005-09-27):
1863# ...from 2005-10-09 at 02:00 local time, until 2006-03-12 at 02:00 local time,
1864# official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
1865# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
1866# Decreto 318/005 of 2005-09-19.
1867# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/2005/09/23/documentos.pdf#page=1
1868Rule	Uruguay	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	 2:00	1:00	-
1869Rule	Uruguay	2006	2015	-	Mar	Sun>=8	 2:00	0	-
1870# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15), per Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
1871# Decreto 311/006 of 2006-09-04 established regular DST from the first Sunday
1872# of October at 02:00 through the second Sunday of March at 02:00.  Almanaque
1873# 2018 appears to have a few typoed dates through this period; ignore them.
1874# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/2006/09/08/documentos.pdf#page=1
1875Rule	Uruguay	2006	2014	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00	1:00	-
1876# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-06-30):
1877# ... it looks like they will not be using DST the coming summer:
1878# http://www.elobservador.com.uy/gobierno-resolvio-que-no-habra-cambio-horario-verano-n656787
1879# http://www.republica.com.uy/este-ano-no-se-modificara-el-huso-horario-en-uruguay/523760/
1880# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-30):
1881# Apparently restaurateurs complained that DST caused people to go to the beach
1882# instead of out to dinner.
1883# From Pablo Camargo (2015-07-13):
1884# http://archivo.presidencia.gub.uy/sci/decretos/2015/06/cons_min_201.pdf
1885# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
1886# Decreto 178/015 of 2015-06-29; repeals Decreto 311/006.
1887
1888# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
1889Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:51 -	LMT	1908 Jun 10
1890			-3:44:51 -	MMT	1920 May  1 # Montevideo MT
1891			-4:00	-	-04	1923 Oct  1
1892			-3:30	Uruguay	-0330/-03 1942 Dec 14
1893			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0230 1960
1894			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-02	1968
1895			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0230 1970
1896			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-02	1974
1897			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0130 1974 Mar 10
1898			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0230 1974 Dec 22
1899			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-02
1900
1901# Venezuela
1902#
1903# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-28):
1904# For the 1965 transition see Gaceta Oficial No. 27.619 (1964-12-15), p 205.533
1905# http://www.pgr.gob.ve/dmdocuments/1964/27619.pdf
1906#
1907# From John Stainforth (2007-11-28):
1908# ... the change for Venezuela originally expected for 2007-12-31 has
1909# been brought forward to 2007-12-09.  The official announcement was
1910# published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la República Bolivariana
1911# de Venezuela, número 38.819" (official document for all laws or
1912# resolution publication)
1913# http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208
1914
1915# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-04-15):
1916# https://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/204758-venezuela-modificar-huso-horario-sequia-elnino
1917#
1918# From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
1919# Clocks advance 30 minutes on 2016-05-01 at 02:30....
1920# "'Venezuela's new time-zone: hours without light, hours without water,
1921# hours of presidential broadcasts, hours of lines,' quipped comedian
1922# Jean Mary Curró ...". See: Cawthorne A, Kai D. Venezuela scraps
1923# half-hour time difference set by Chavez. Reuters 2016-04-15 14:50 -0400
1924# https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-timezone-idUSKCN0XC2BE
1925#
1926# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-20):
1927# ... published in the official Gazette [2016-04-18], here:
1928# http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/gaceta_ext/abril/1842016/E-1842016-4551.pdf
1929
1930# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1931Zone	America/Caracas	-4:27:44 -	LMT	1890
1932			-4:27:40 -	CMT	1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
1933			-4:30	-	-0430	1965 Jan  1  0:00
1934			-4:00	-	-04	2007 Dec  9  3:00
1935			-4:30	-	-0430	2016 May  1  2:30
1936			-4:00	-	-04
1937