105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# tzdb data for Europe and environs 205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 3707182d7SNobutomo Nakano# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4707182d7SNobutomo Nakano# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 57c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 66f8e8937SDan McDonald# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 77c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 86f8e8937SDan McDonald# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 96f8e8937SDan McDonald# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 107c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 11dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 1200973057SDan McDonald# 1300973057SDan McDonald# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 142f9aa4a7Srobbin# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 152f9aa4a7Srobbin# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 1600973057SDan McDonald# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 177c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 18dafc4501SDan McDonald# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 19dafc4501SDan McDonald# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 207c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 217c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 2200973057SDan McDonald# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 2300973057SDan McDonald# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 247c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 256f8e8937SDan McDonald# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 266f8e8937SDan McDonald# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 276f8e8937SDan McDonald# 282f9aa4a7Srobbin# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 292f9aa4a7Srobbin# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 307c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 317c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Other sources occasionally used include: 327c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 337c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 347c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 357c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# which I found in the UCLA library. 367c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 377c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 386f8e8937SDan McDonald# <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf> 396f8e8937SDan McDonald# [PDF] (1914-03) 407c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 41a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 42b654b02dSYuri Pankov# <https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: 43a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables 44a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, 45a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 46a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 476f8e8937SDan McDonald# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 486f8e8937SDan McDonald# This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see 49b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html 506f8e8937SDan McDonald# The full Russian citation is: 516f8e8937SDan McDonald# Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток 526f8e8937SDan McDonald# введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го 536f8e8937SDan McDonald# июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград: 546f8e8937SDan McDonald# Десятая гос. тип., 1919. 556f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf 566f8e8937SDan McDonald# 576f8e8937SDan McDonald# Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO), 587c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# History of Summer Time 596f8e8937SDan McDonald# <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm> 606f8e8937SDan McDonald# (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 617c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 62a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 63dafc4501SDan McDonald# the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time, 64dafc4501SDan McDonald# or are from other sources. Corrections are welcome! 65dafc4501SDan McDonald# std dst 2dst 66dafc4501SDan McDonald# LMT Local Mean Time 67dafc4501SDan McDonald# -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 68dafc4501SDan McDonald# 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 69dafc4501SDan McDonald# 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 70dafc4501SDan McDonald# 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 71dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1:00 BST British Standard (1968-1971) 724b8ee424SYuri Pankov# 1:00 IST GMT Irish Standard (1968-) with winter DST 73dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 74dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899) 75dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1:36:34 RMT* LST* Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)* 76dafc4501SDan McDonald# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 77dafc4501SDan McDonald# 3:00 MSK MSD MDST* Moscow 787c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 794b8ee424SYuri Pankov# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), re EEC/EC/EU members: 804b8ee424SYuri Pankov# The original six: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 817c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 827c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 837c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 847c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 857c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 867c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 877c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 887c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 897c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 907c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ... 917c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 927c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 937c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ... 947c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 957c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 967c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 977c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 987c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# in the Directive. 997c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1007c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1017c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate############################################################################### 1027c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1037c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 1047c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 10580868c53Srobbin# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 1067c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 1077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 1087c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 1097c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 1107c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# of the text said: 1117c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 112a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 1137c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 1147c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 1157c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 1167c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 1177c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 1187c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 1197c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 1207c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 1213508b934SYuri Pankov# position is 51° 28' 30" N, 0° 18' 45" W. The longitude should 1223508b934SYuri Pankov# be within about ±2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 1237c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 124374df668SAndy Fiddaman# [This yields STDOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 1257c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 12680868c53Srobbin# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 1277c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 1287c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 1297c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 1307c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 1317c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 1327c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 1337c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 1347c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 1357c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 1367c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 1377c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 1387c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 1397c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 1407c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 1417c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 1427c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 1437c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 1447c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 1457c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 1467c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 1477c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 1487c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 1497c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 1507c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 1517c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 1527c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1536f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19): 1546f8e8937SDan McDonald# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time 1556f8e8937SDan McDonald# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year. 1566f8e8937SDan McDonald# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the 1576f8e8937SDan McDonald# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946), 1586f8e8937SDan McDonald# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value 1596f8e8937SDan McDonald# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research. 1606f8e8937SDan McDonald# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society 1616f8e8937SDan McDonald# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See: 1623508b934SYuri Pankov# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30°. 1636f8e8937SDan McDonald# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734 1646f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html 1656f8e8937SDan McDonald# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal 1666f8e8937SDan McDonald# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten. 1676f8e8937SDan McDonald# 1686f8e8937SDan McDonald# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915), 1697c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 170a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) 1717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 1727c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 1737c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 1747c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 1757c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 1767c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 1777c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 1787c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 1797c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 1807c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 1816f8e8937SDan McDonald# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial, 1827c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# which is permanently set to Summer Time. 1837c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1847c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 1857c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 1867c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 1877c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 1887c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 1897c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# foundations of civilization throughout the world. 1906f8e8937SDan McDonald# -- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly; 1916f8e8937SDan McDonald# republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26 192b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-114/a-silent-toast-to-william-willett-by-winston-s-churchill 1937c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 19456b82ca8SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08): 195a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" 1967c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 1977c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 198a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". 19956b82ca8SDan McDonald# The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see: 20056b82ca8SDan McDonald# Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press 20156b82ca8SDan McDonald# ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8. 2027c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2037c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 2047c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 2057c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 2067c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 20880868c53Srobbin# From: Jonathan Leffler 2097c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 2107c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 2117c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# politics making a fortune, not computing. 2127c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 21380868c53Srobbin# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 2147c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 2157c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 2167c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 2177c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 2187c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2197c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 2207c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 2217c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 2227c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 2237c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2247c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 2257c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 2267c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 2277c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 2287c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 2297c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 230b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 231b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png 2327c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2337c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 2347c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 2357c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# which is to be introduced in May.... 2367c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 2377c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 2387c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2397c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 240a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common 2417c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 242a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# so we use 'BDST'. 2437c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 24480868c53Srobbin# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 2457c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 24680868c53Srobbin# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 2477c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# and extending this list, which can be found in 248b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 2497c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 25080868c53Srobbin# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 2517c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 2527c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 2537c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# see Lord Tanlaw's speech 254b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0 2556f8e8937SDan McDonald# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976). 2567c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2572f9aa4a7Srobbin# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2587c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 2592f9aa4a7Srobbin# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 2607c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 2612f9aa4a7Srobbin# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 2622f9aa4a7Srobbin# are incorrect: 2637c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 2647c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 2657c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 2667c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 2677c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# It actually just had one transition. 2687c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 2697c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Actually, it conformed to Britain. 2707c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 2717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 2727c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 2737c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 2742f9aa4a7Srobbin# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 2757c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 2767c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 2777c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# conform with Great Britain. 2787c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 2797c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 2802f9aa4a7Srobbin# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 2817c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# we'll ignore it for now. 2827c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 2834b8ee424SYuri Pankov 2844b8ee424SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-12-04): 2857c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 2864b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Dunsink Observatory (8 km NW of Dublin's center) was to Dublin as 2874b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Greenwich was to London. For example: 2887c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 2897c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 2907c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# -- James Joyce, Ulysses 2914b8ee424SYuri Pankov# 2924b8ee424SYuri Pankov# The abbreviation DMT stood for "Dublin Mean Time" or "Dunsink Mean Time"; 2934b8ee424SYuri Pankov# this being Ireland, opinions differed. 2944b8ee424SYuri Pankov# 2954b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Whitman says Dublin/Dunsink Mean Time was UT-00:25:21, which agrees 2964b8ee424SYuri Pankov# with measurements of recent visitors to the Meridian Room of Dunsink 2974b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Observatory; see Malone D. Dunsink and timekeeping. 2016-01-24. 2984b8ee424SYuri Pankov# <https://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwmalone/time/dunsink.html>. Malone 2994b8ee424SYuri Pankov# writes that the Nautical Almanac listed UT-00:25:22 until 1896, when 3004b8ee424SYuri Pankov# it moved to UT-00:25:21.1 (I confirmed that the 1893 edition used 3014b8ee424SYuri Pankov# the former and the 1896 edition used the latter). Evidently the 3024b8ee424SYuri Pankov# news of this change propagated slowly, as Milne 1899 still lists 3034b8ee424SYuri Pankov# UT-00:25:22 and cites the International Telegraph Bureau. As it is 3044b8ee424SYuri Pankov# not clear that there was any practical significance to the change 3054b8ee424SYuri Pankov# from UT-00:25:22 to UT-00:25:21.1 in civil timekeeping, omit this 306427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# transition for now and just use the latter value. 3077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 30800973057SDan McDonald# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time 30900973057SDan McDonald# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that 31000973057SDan McDonald# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'. She claimed 31100973057SDan McDonald# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'." 31200973057SDan McDonald# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising. 31300973057SDan McDonald# Irish Times 2014-10-27. 314b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411 31500973057SDan McDonald 31680868c53Srobbin# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 3176f8e8937SDan McDonald# Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>. 3186f8e8937SDan McDonald# These include various relating to legal time, for example: 319a68d064cSrobbin# 32080868c53Srobbin# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 321a68d064cSrobbin# 32280868c53Srobbin# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 32380868c53Srobbin# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 324a68d064cSrobbin# 32580868c53Srobbin# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 32680868c53Srobbin# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 32780868c53Srobbin# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 328a68d064cSrobbin# 32980868c53Srobbin# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 33080868c53Srobbin# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 33180868c53Srobbin# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 33280868c53Srobbin# 33380868c53Srobbin# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 33480868c53Srobbin# <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 335a68d064cSrobbin# 336a68d064cSrobbin# (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 337a68d064cSrobbin# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 33880868c53Srobbin# the laws applicable in Ireland.) 339a68d064cSrobbin# 340a68d064cSrobbin# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 341a68d064cSrobbin# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 342a68d064cSrobbin# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 34380868c53Srobbin# being GMT+1.) 34480868c53Srobbin 3457c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 3467c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 3477c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 3487c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 3497c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 3507c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 3517c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# and Frethun run in CT. 3527c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 3537c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 3547c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 3557c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 3567c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 3577c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 3587c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 3597c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 3607c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 36156b82ca8SDan McDonald# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC. 3627c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 3637c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 3647c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 3657c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 3664b8ee424SYuri Pankov# 3674b8ee424SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-12-07): 3684b8ee424SYuri Pankov# The 1996 anonymous contributor's goal was to determine the correct 3694b8ee424SYuri Pankov# abbreviation for summer time in Dublin and so the contributor 3704b8ee424SYuri Pankov# focused on the "IST", not on the "Irish Summer Time". Though the 3714b8ee424SYuri Pankov# "IST" was correct, the "Irish Summer Time" appears to have been an 3724b8ee424SYuri Pankov# error, as Ireland's Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971 states that 3734b8ee424SYuri Pankov# standard time in Ireland remains at UT +01 and is observed in 3744b8ee424SYuri Pankov# summer, and that Greenwich mean time is observed in winter. (Thanks 3754b8ee424SYuri Pankov# to Derick Rethans for pointing out the error.) That is, when 3764b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Ireland amended the 1968 act that established UT +01 as Irish 3774b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Standard Time, it left standard time unchanged and established GMT 3784b8ee424SYuri Pankov# as a negative daylight saving time in winter. So, in this database 3794b8ee424SYuri Pankov# IST stands for Irish Summer Time for timestamps before 1968, and for 3804b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Irish Standard Time after that. See: 3814b8ee424SYuri Pankov# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1971/act/17/enacted/en/print 3827c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 383b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's 384b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947: 3854b8ee424SYuri Pankov# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print 3864b8ee424SYuri Pankov# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print 3874b8ee424SYuri Pankov# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print 388b654b02dSYuri Pankov 389f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3907c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Act, 1916 3917c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 3927c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 3937c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 3947c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 3957c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 3967c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 3977c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 3987c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 3997c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 4007c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 4017c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 4027c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 4037c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 4047c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 4057c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 4067c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 4077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 4087c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 4097c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 4107c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 4117c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 4127c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The Summer Time Act, 1922 4137c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4147c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 4157c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 4167c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4177c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The Summer Time Act, 1925 4187c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 4197c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 4207c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4217c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 4227c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4237c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 4247c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4257c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 4267c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4277c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 4287c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4297c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 4307c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 4317c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 4327c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 4337c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 4347c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 4357c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 4367c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 4377c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 4387c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 4397c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 4407c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 4417c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 4427c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 4437c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 4447c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 4457c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 4467c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The Summer Time Act, 1947 4477c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4487c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 4497c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 4507c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 4517c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 4527c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 4537c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 4547c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 4557c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 4567c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 4577c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 4587c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 4597c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 4607c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 4617c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 4627c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 4637c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4647c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 4657c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 4667c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4677c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 4687c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4697c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 4707c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 4717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 4727c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 4737c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 4747c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 4757c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 4767c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 4777c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 4787c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 4797c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 4807c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 4817c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The British Standard Time Act, 1968 4827c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# (no summer time) 4837c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The Summer Time Act, 1972 4847c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 4857c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 4867c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 4877c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 4887c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 4897c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 4907c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 4917c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 4927c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 4937c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 4947c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 4957c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 4967c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 4977c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# See EU for rules starting in 1996. 498a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 499a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. 5007c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 501374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 502427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanZone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 5037c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 5046f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 5057c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 5067c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 EU GMT/BST 5076f8e8937SDan McDonald 5083508b934SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-15): 5093508b934SYuri Pankov# In January 2018 we discovered that the negative SAVE values in the 5103508b934SYuri Pankov# Eire rules cause problems with tests for ICU: 5113508b934SYuri Pankov# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025825.html 5123508b934SYuri Pankov# and with tests for OpenJDK: 5133508b934SYuri Pankov# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025822.html 5143508b934SYuri Pankov# 5153508b934SYuri Pankov# To work around this problem, the build procedure can translate the 5163508b934SYuri Pankov# following data into two forms, one with negative SAVE values and the 51705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# other form with a traditional approximation for Irish timestamps 5183508b934SYuri Pankov# after 1971-10-31 02:00 UTC; although this approximation has tm_isdst 5193508b934SYuri Pankov# flags that are reversed, its UTC offsets are correct and this often 520af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# suffices.... 5213508b934SYuri Pankov# 5224b8ee424SYuri Pankov# The following is like GB-Eire and EU, except with standard time in 5233508b934SYuri Pankov# summer and negative daylight saving time in winter. It is for when 5243508b934SYuri Pankov# negative SAVE values are used. 525f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 5263508b934SYuri PankovRule Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 2:00u -1:00 - 5273508b934SYuri PankovRule Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00u 0 - 5283508b934SYuri PankovRule Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00u -1:00 - 5293508b934SYuri PankovRule Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 0 - 5303508b934SYuri PankovRule Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u -1:00 - 5313508b934SYuri PankovRule Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u -1:00 - 5323508b934SYuri PankovRule Eire 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u -1:00 - 5334b8ee424SYuri Pankov 534374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 535427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman #STDOFF -0:25:21.1 536427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanZone Europe/Dublin -0:25:21 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 5374b8ee424SYuri Pankov -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00s 5386f8e8937SDan McDonald -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 5397c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 540b654b02dSYuri Pankov 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00s 541b654b02dSYuri Pankov 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00s 542b654b02dSYuri Pankov 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00s 543b654b02dSYuri Pankov 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00s 544b654b02dSYuri Pankov 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00s 5457c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 5465254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 5473508b934SYuri Pankov 1:00 Eire IST/GMT 5485254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 5493508b934SYuri Pankov# 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 5503508b934SYuri Pankov# 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 5513508b934SYuri Pankov# 0:00 EU GMT/IST 5525254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# End of rearguard section. 5534dac00ceSAndy Fiddaman 5547c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 5557c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate############################################################################### 5567c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 557b70cafdfSrobbin# Europe 5587c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 5594b8ee424SYuri Pankov# The following rules are for the European Union and for its 5604b8ee424SYuri Pankov# predecessor organization, the European Communities. 5614b8ee424SYuri Pankov# For brevity they are called "EU rules" elsewhere in this file. 5627c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 563f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 5647c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 5657c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 5667c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 5677c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 5687c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 5697c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 5707c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 5717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 5727c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 5736f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT 5747c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 5757c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 5767c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 5777c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 5787c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 5797c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 5807c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 5817c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 5827c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 5837c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 5847c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 5857c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 5867c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 5877c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 5887c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 5897c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 5907c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 5917c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 5927c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 59356725381SrobbinRule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 5942f9aa4a7Srobbin# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 5957c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 5966f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 59756725381Srobbin# 59856725381Srobbin# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 59956725381Srobbin# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 6006f8e8937SDan McDonald# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the 60156725381Srobbin# tz database itself, as seen below: 60256725381Srobbin# 603f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Zone Europe/Paris ... 60456725381Srobbin# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 60556725381Srobbin# 606f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Zone Europe/Monaco ... 6076f8e8937SDan McDonald# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 60856725381Srobbin# 609f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Zone Europe/Belgrade ... 61056725381Srobbin# 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 61156725381Srobbin# 61256725381Srobbin# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 61356725381Srobbin# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 61456725381Srobbin# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 61556725381Srobbin# 61656725381Srobbin# The rule line to be changed is: 61756725381Srobbin# 61856725381Srobbin# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 61956725381Srobbin# 62056725381Srobbin# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 62156725381Srobbin# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 62256725381Srobbin# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 623a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms 62456725381Srobbin# CET and MET: 62556725381Srobbin# 62656725381Srobbin# Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 62756725381Srobbin# Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 62856725381Srobbin# 62956725381Srobbin# It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 63056725381Srobbin# 63156725381Srobbin# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 63256725381Srobbin# 63356725381Srobbin# A small step for mankind though 8-) 63456725381SrobbinRule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 6357c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 6367c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 6377c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 6387c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 6397c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 6407c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 6417c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 6427c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 6437c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 6447c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 6457c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 6467c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 6477c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 6487c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 6497c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 650c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 651c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union 652c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 653c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23). 654c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 655f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 6566f8e8937SDan McDonaldRule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 657c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 658c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137 6596f8e8937SDan McDonaldRule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 660c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 661c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001 6626f8e8937SDan McDonaldRule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 6637c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 664c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 665c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949 6667c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 667c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 668c2d5ab87SDan McDonaldRule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 0:00u 1:00 MSD 6696f8e8937SDan McDonaldRule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK 670c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 671c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840 6726f8e8937SDan McDonaldRule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD 673c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 674c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949 675c2d5ab87SDan McDonaldRule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 +05 676c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 6776f8e8937SDan McDonaldRule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD 6787c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 67956b82ca8SDan McDonald# Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 6807c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 6817c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 68256b82ca8SDan McDonald# Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 68356b82ca8SDan McDonald# Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 684c2d5ab87SDan McDonaldRule Russia 1984 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 685c2d5ab87SDan McDonaldRule Russia 1985 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 6867c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 687abaa65c8SYuri PankovRule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 68800973057SDan McDonald# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data. 689abaa65c8SYuri Pankov 690f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 691f63cc156SDan McDonald# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of 692f63cc156SDan McDonald# Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the 693f63cc156SDan McDonald# Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227. 694f63cc156SDan McDonald# 695f63cc156SDan McDonald# I did not find full texts of these acts. For the 1989 one we have 696b654b02dSYuri Pankov# title at https://base.garant.ru/70754136/ : 697f63cc156SDan McDonald# "About change in calculation of time on the territories of 698f63cc156SDan McDonald# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan, 699f63cc156SDan McDonald# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts". 700f63cc156SDan McDonald# And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to 701f63cc156SDan McDonald# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules 702f63cc156SDan McDonald# of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov 703f63cc156SDan McDonald# oblasts. Since last Sunday of March 1989: 704f63cc156SDan McDonald# a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast: 705f63cc156SDan McDonald# second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1); 706f63cc156SDan McDonald# b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt 707f63cc156SDan McDonald# rules (Moscow time) 708f63cc156SDan McDonald# c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1). 709f63cc156SDan McDonald 710c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27): 711c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# Unamended version of the act of the 712c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992 713c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0 714c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday 715c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September 716c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# at 3 hours. It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October. 717c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 718abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 719abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 720abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 721abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 722a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 723a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 724abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 725a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 726abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 727b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 728abaa65c8SYuri Pankov 729abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 730abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 731abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# to be standard. 7327c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 7337c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 7347c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 735374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7367c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 7377c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 7387c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 7397c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 7407c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 7417c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 7427c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 7437c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 74480868c53Srobbin# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 7457c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The official German names ... are 7467c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 7476f8e8937SDan McDonald# Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 7486f8e8937SDan McDonald# Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 7497c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 7506f8e8937SDan McDonald# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 7517c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 7527c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 7537c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 7547c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 7557c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 7567c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Postfach 3345 7577c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# D-38023 Braunschweig 7587c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# phone: +49 531 592-0 7597c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 7607c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 7617c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 7627c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 7637c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 7647c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 7657c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 7667c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 7677c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 7687c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Albania 769f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 7707c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 7717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 7727c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 7737c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 7747c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 7757c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 7767c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 7777c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 7787c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 7797c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 7807c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 7817c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 7827c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 7837c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 7847c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 7857c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 7867c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 7877c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 7887c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 7897c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 7907c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 7917c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 7927c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 7937c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 7947c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 795374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 7967c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 7977c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 7987c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 7997c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 EU CE%sT 8007c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 8017c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Andorra 802374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8037c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 8047c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 8056f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 8067c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 EU CE%sT 8077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 8087c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Austria 8097c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 810a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. 811a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi 8122f9aa4a7Srobbin# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 8137c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 8147c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 8157c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 8162f9aa4a7Srobbin# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 8172f9aa4a7Srobbin# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 8187c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 81906965442SAndy Fiddaman# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-22): 820374df668SAndy Fiddaman# In 1946 the end of DST was on Monday, 7 October 1946, at 3:00 am. 821374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Shanks had this right. Source: Die Weltpresse, 5. Oktober 1946, page 5. 822374df668SAndy Fiddaman 823f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 8247c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 8257c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 8267c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 827374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Austria 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 828374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Austria 1947 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 8297c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 8307c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 8317c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 8327c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 833374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 834a43ba736SRobert MustacchiZone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 8357c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 8366f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 8376f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 8386f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 8397c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 - CET 1946 8407c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 8417c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 EU CE%sT 8427c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 8437c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Belarus 844c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 845c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02): 846c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm 847c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from 848c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00 849c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September 850c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations). 851c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 852abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 853abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 854abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 855abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# 856abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# Sources (Russian language): 857abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 858abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 859b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 86000973057SDan McDonald# 86100973057SDan McDonald# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09): 86200973057SDan McDonald# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time.... 86300973057SDan McDonald# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html 86400973057SDan McDonald# 865374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 8667c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 8676f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 8687c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 8697c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 8707c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 8717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 8726f8e8937SDan McDonald 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 8736f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 874c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 8757c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 8767c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Belgium 877f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Luxembourg 878f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Netherlands 8797c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 880374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-25): 881374df668SAndy Fiddaman# The exposition in the web page 882374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://www.bestor.be/wiki/index.php/Voyager_dans_le_temps._L%E2%80%99introduction_de_la_norme_de_Greenwich_en_Belgique 883374df668SAndy Fiddaman# gives several contemporary sources from which one can conclude that 884374df668SAndy Fiddaman# the switch in Europe/Brussels on 1892-05-01 was from 00:17:30 to 00:00:00. 885374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 886374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): 887374df668SAndy Fiddaman# This quote helps explain the late-1914 situation: 888374df668SAndy Fiddaman# In early November 1914, the Germans imposed the time zone used in central 889374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Europe and forced the inhabitants to set their watches and public clocks 890374df668SAndy Fiddaman# sixty minutes ahead. Many were reluctant to accept "German time" and 891374df668SAndy Fiddaman# continued to use "Belgian time" among themselves. Reflecting the spirit of 892374df668SAndy Fiddaman# resistance that arose in the population, a song made fun of this change.... 893374df668SAndy Fiddaman# The song ended: 894374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Putting your clock forward 895374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Will but hasten the happy hour 896374df668SAndy Fiddaman# When we kick out the Boches! 897374df668SAndy Fiddaman# See: Pluvinage G. Brussels on German time. Cahiers Bruxellois - 898374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Brusselse Cahiers. 2014;XLVI(1E):15-38. 899374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://www.cairn.info/revue-cahiers-bruxellois-2014-1E-page-15.htm 900374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 901374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Entries from 1914 through 1917 are taken from "De tijd in België" 902374df668SAndy Fiddaman# <https://www.astro.oma.be/GENERAL/INFO/nli001a.html>. 9037c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 9047c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 9056f8e8937SDan McDonald# Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991 9067c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 9077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# pp 8-9. 908374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for the 1918/1991 references. 9097c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 9107c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 9117c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 912f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 9137c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 9147c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 9157c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 9167c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 9177c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 9187c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 9197c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 9207c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 9217c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 9227c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 9237c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 9247c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 9257c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 9267c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 9277c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 9287c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 9297c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 9307c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 9317c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 9327c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 9337c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 9347c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 9357c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 9367c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 9377c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 9387c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 9397c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 9407c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 9417c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 9427c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 9437c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 9447c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 9457c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 9467c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 9477c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 9487c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 9497c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 9507c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 951374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 9527c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 953374df668SAndy Fiddaman 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 00:17:30 9547c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 9557c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 9567c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 9577c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 9587c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 9597c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 9607c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 EU CE%sT 9617c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 9627c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Bulgaria 9637c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 96480868c53Srobbin# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 96556b82ca8SDan McDonald# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says: 9666f8e8937SDan McDonald# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 9676f8e8937SDan McDonald# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 9687c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 969f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 9707c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 9717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 9722f9aa4a7SrobbinRule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 9737c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 9747c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 975374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 9767c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 9777c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 9787c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 97956725381Srobbin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 9806f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 9817c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 98256b82ca8SDan McDonald 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 3:00 9837c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 9847c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 9857c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 EU EE%sT 9867c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 9877c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Cyprus 988a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 9897c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 990f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Czech Republic (Czechia) 991f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Slovakia 9923508b934SYuri Pankov# 993*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# From Ivan Benovic (2024-01-30): 994*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# https://www.slov-lex.sk/pravne-predpisy/SK/ZZ/1946/54/ 995*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# (This is an official link to the Czechoslovak Summer Time Act of 996*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# March 8, 1946 that authorizes the Czechoslovak government to set the 997*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# exact dates of change to summer time and back to Central European Time. 998*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# The act also implicitly confirms Central European Time as the 999*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# official time zone of Czechoslovakia and currently remains in force 1000*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia.) 1001*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# https://www.psp.cz/eknih/1945pns/tisky/t0216_00.htm 1002*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# (This is a link to the original legislative proposal dating back to 1003*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# February 22, 1946. The accompanying memorandum to the proposal says 1004*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# that an advisory committee on European railroad transportation that 1005*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# met in Brussels in October 1945 decided that the change of time 1006*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# should be carried out in all participating countries in a strictly 1007*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# coordinated manner....) 1008*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# 1009*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# From Paul Eggert (2024-01-30): 1010*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# The source for Czech data is: Kdy začíná a končí letní čas. 10113508b934SYuri Pankov# https://kalendar.beda.cz/kdy-zacina-a-konci-letni-cas 1012*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# Its main text disagrees with its quoted sources only in 1918, 1013*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# where the main text says spring and autumn transitions 1014*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# occurred at 02:00 and 03:00 respectively (as usual), 1015*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# whereas the 1918 source "Oznámení o zavedení letního času v roce 1918" 1016*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# says transitions were at 01:00 and 02:00 respectively. 1017*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# As the 1918 source appears to be a humorous piece, and it is 1018*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# unlikely that Prague would have disagreed with its neighbors by an hour, 1019*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# go with the main text for now. 1020*e15592c8SRobert Mustacchi# 10213508b934SYuri Pankov# We know of no English-language name for historical Czech winter time; 10223508b934SYuri Pankov# abbreviate it as "GMT", as it happened to be GMT. 10233508b934SYuri Pankov# 1024f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 10253508b934SYuri PankovRule Czech 1945 only - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 10263508b934SYuri PankovRule Czech 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 10277c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 10287c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 10293508b934SYuri PankovRule Czech 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 10307c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 1031374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10327c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 10336f8e8937SDan McDonald 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 10343508b934SYuri Pankov 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 9 10353508b934SYuri Pankov 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1946 Dec 1 3:00 10363508b934SYuri Pankov# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 10373508b934SYuri Pankov 1:00 -1:00 GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00 10385254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk. 10393508b934SYuri Pankov# 0:00 - GMT 1947 Feb 23 2:00 10403508b934SYuri Pankov# End of rearguard section. 10417c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 10427c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 EU CE%sT 104380868c53Srobbin 1044f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Faroe Is 1045f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 10466f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn 10477c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 - WET 1981 10487c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 EU WE%sT 1049f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi 1050f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Greenland 10517c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 105280868c53Srobbin# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 105380868c53Srobbin# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 105480868c53Srobbin# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 105580868c53Srobbin# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 105680868c53Srobbin# 10574b8ee424SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-12-10): 10584b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Greenland joined the European Communities as part of Denmark, 10594b8ee424SYuri Pankov# obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, and left the European Communities 10604b8ee424SYuri Pankov# on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 10616f8e8937SDan McDonald# rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb 10627c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 10637c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 10647c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 10656f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing 10667c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 10677c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 10687c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 10697c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 10707c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# is according to the following time line: 10717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 10727c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The military zone near Thule UTC-4 10737c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Standard Greenland time UTC-3 10747c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Scoresbysund UTC-1 10757c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Danmarkshavn UTC 10767c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 10777c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 10787c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# introduced. 10797c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 10807c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 10817c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 10827c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 10837c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 10847c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 10857c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# info from earlier correspondence.] 10867c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 10877c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 10887c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 10897c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 10907c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 10917c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 10927c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 10937c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 10947c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 10957c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 10967c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 10977c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# DPC research station at Zackenberg. 10987c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 10997c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 11006f8e8937SDan McDonald# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb). 11017c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 11026f8e8937SDan McDonald# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it 11037c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 11047c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 11057c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 11067c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 11077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 11087c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 11096f8e8937SDan McDonald# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be 11107c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 11117c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 11127c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 11137c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 11147c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# there at 2:00 AM. 11157c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 11162f9aa4a7Srobbin# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 11172f9aa4a7Srobbin# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 11186f8e8937SDan McDonald# the 1995 map as like Godthåb. 11196f8e8937SDan McDonald# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996. 11207c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 11212f9aa4a7Srobbin# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 11222f9aa4a7Srobbin# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 1123f63cc156SDan McDonald 1124f63cc156SDan McDonald# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 1125f63cc156SDan McDonald# "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named 1126f63cc156SDan McDonald# "National Park" by Executive Order: 1127f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf 1128f63cc156SDan McDonald# It is their only National Park. 1129af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 1130af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# From Jonas Nyrup (2022-11-24): 1131af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# On last Saturday in October 2023 when DST ends America/Nuuk will switch 1132af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# from -03/-02 to -02/-01 1133af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# https://sermitsiaq.ag/forslagtidsforskel-danmark-mindskes-sommertid-beholdes 1134af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# ... 1135af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# https://sermitsiaq.ag/groenland-skifte-tidszone-trods-bekymringer 1136af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# 1137af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# From Jürgen Appel (2022-11-25): 1138af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# https://ina.gl/samlinger/oversigt-over-samlinger/samling/dagsordener/dagsorden.aspx?lang=da&day=24-11-2022 1139af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# 1140af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# From Thomas M. Steenholdt (2022-12-02): 1141af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# - The bill to move America/Nuuk from UTC-03 to UTC-02 passed. 1142af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# - The bill to stop observing DST did not (Greenland will stop observing DST 1143af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# when EU does). 1144af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# Details on the implementation are here (section 6): 1145af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# https://ina.gl/dvd/EM%202022/pdf/media/2553529/pkt17_em2022_tidens_bestemmelse_bem_da.pdf 1146af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# This is how the change will be implemented: 1147af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# 1. The shift *to* DST in 2023 happens as normal. 1148af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# 2. The shift *from* DST in 2023 happens as normal, but coincides with the 1149af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# shift to UTC-02 normaltime (people will not change their clocks here). 1150af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# 3. After this, DST is still observed, but as -02/-01 instead of -03/-02. 1151b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# 1152b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# From Múte Bourup Egede via Jógvan Svabo Samuelsen (2023-03-15): 1153b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# Greenland will not switch to Daylight Saving Time this year, 2023, 1154b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# because the standard time for Greenland will change from UTC -3 to UTC -2. 1155b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# However, Greenland will change to Daylight Saving Time again in 2024 1156b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# and onwards. 1157b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi 1158b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# From a contributor who wishes to remain anonymous for now (2023-10-29): 1159b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/seneste/i-nat-skal-uret-stilles-en-time-tilbage-men-foerste-gang-sker-det-ikke-i-groenland 1160b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# with a link to that page: 1161b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# https://naalakkersuisut.gl/Nyheder/2023/10/2710_sommertid 1162b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# ... Ittoqqortoormiit joins the time of Nuuk at March 2024. 1163b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# What would mean that America/Scoresbysund would either be in -01 year round 1164b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# or in -02/-01 like America/Nuuk, but no longer in -01/+00. 1165b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# 1166b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# From Paul Eggert (2023-10-29): 1167b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# For now, assume it will be like America/Nuuk. 1168af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 1169f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 11707c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 11717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 11722f9aa4a7SrobbinRule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 11732f9aa4a7SrobbinRule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 11742f9aa4a7SrobbinRule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 11752f9aa4a7SrobbinRule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 11767c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 1177374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 11787c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1179dafc4501SDan McDonald -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1180dafc4501SDan McDonald -3:00 EU -03/-02 1996 11817c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 - GMT 11825254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# 11835254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# Use the old name Scoresbysund, as the current name Ittoqqortoormiit 11845254d4faSAndy Fiddaman# exceeds tzdb's 14-letter limit and has no common English abbreviation. 11852f9aa4a7SrobbinZone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 1186dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 - -02 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1187dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 C-Eur -02/-01 1981 Mar 29 1188b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi -1:00 EU -01/+00 2024 Mar 31 1189b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi -2:00 EU -02/-01 11905254d4faSAndy FiddamanZone America/Nuuk -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Godthåb 1191dafc4501SDan McDonald -3:00 - -03 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1192b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi -3:00 EU -03/-02 2023 Mar 26 1:00u 1193b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi -2:00 - -02 2023 Oct 29 1:00u 1194af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman -2:00 EU -02/-01 11955254d4faSAndy FiddamanZone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik 11967c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate -4:00 Thule A%sT 11977c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 11987c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Estonia 1199f63cc156SDan McDonald# 1200f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1201f63cc156SDan McDonald# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1202f63cc156SDan McDonald# 120380868c53Srobbin# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 12047c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 12057c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 12067c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 12077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 120880868c53Srobbin# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 12097c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 12107c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1211a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 12127c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 12137c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 12147c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 12157c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1216a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# summer time next spring." 12177c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 121880868c53Srobbin# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 12197c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 12206f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390 12217c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 12226f8e8937SDan McDonald# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120). 12237c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 12247c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 12257c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 12267c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 12277c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1228b654b02dSYuri Pankov# From The Baltic Times <https://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09) 12297c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# via Steffen Thorsen: 12307c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 12317c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 12327c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 12337c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 12347c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 12357c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# after that. 12367c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 12377c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 123856b82ca8SDan McDonald# Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 123956b82ca8SDan McDonald# No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 12407c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 12417c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 12427c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 12437c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 12447c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Now we are using again EU rules. 12457c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 12466f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28): 12477c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 12487c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1249374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 12507c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 12516f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 12527c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 12537c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 12547c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 12557c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 12567c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 12576f8e8937SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 12586f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 12597c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 126056b82ca8SDan McDonald 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Oct 31 4:00 12617c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 12627c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 EU EE%sT 12637c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 12647c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Finland 126560799977SNobutomo Nakano 12662f9aa4a7Srobbin# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 12677c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 12687c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# and it's supposed to change at 4am... 126960799977SNobutomo Nakano 1270a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): 12717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 127260799977SNobutomo Nakano# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 127360799977SNobutomo Nakano# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 127460799977SNobutomo Nakano# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 127560799977SNobutomo Nakano# according to the central European standards. 127660799977SNobutomo Nakano# 127760799977SNobutomo Nakano# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 127860799977SNobutomo Nakano# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 127960799977SNobutomo Nakano# Finnish) at 1280b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 128160799977SNobutomo Nakano# 128260799977SNobutomo Nakano# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 128360799977SNobutomo Nakano# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 128460799977SNobutomo Nakano# 128560799977SNobutomo Nakano# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 128660799977SNobutomo Nakano# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 128760799977SNobutomo Nakano# 128860799977SNobutomo Nakano# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 128960799977SNobutomo Nakano# exist tonight." 129060799977SNobutomo Nakano 12916f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13): 12926f8e8937SDan McDonald# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013] 1293b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf 12946f8e8937SDan McDonald# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942 12956f8e8937SDan McDonald# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942, 12966f8e8937SDan McDonald# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper 12976f8e8937SDan McDonald# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday".... 12986f8e8937SDan McDonald# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards. 12996f8e8937SDan McDonald# 13006f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14): 13016f8e8937SDan McDonald# Go with Oja over Shanks. 13026f8e8937SDan McDonald 1303f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 13046f8e8937SDan McDonaldRule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S 13056f8e8937SDan McDonaldRule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 - 130660799977SNobutomo NakanoRule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 130760799977SNobutomo NakanoRule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 13086f8e8937SDan McDonald 1309427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document). 13106f8e8937SDan McDonald 1311374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1312427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman #STDOFF 1:39:49.2 13136f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31 13146f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 131560799977SNobutomo Nakano 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 13167c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 EU EE%sT 13177c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 13187c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# France 1319f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Monaco 13207c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 13217c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 13227c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 13236f8e8937SDan McDonald# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions 13247c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 13257c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 13266f8e8937SDan McDonald# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel, 13277c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Paris, 1991 13287c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 13296f8e8937SDan McDonald# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie, 13306f8e8937SDan McDonald# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987 13317c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1332f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-11): 1333f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# the law of 1891 <https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64415343.texteImage> 1334f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# was published on 1891-03-15, so it could only take force on 1891-03-16. 1335f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 1336f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-10): 1337f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Le Gaulois, 1911-03-11, page 1/6, online at 1338f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://www.retronews.fr/societe/echo-de-presse/2018/01/29/1911-change-lheure-de-paris 1339f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# ... [ Instantly, all pressure driven clock dials halted... Nine minutes and 1340f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# twenty-one seconds later the hands resumed their circular motion. ] 1341f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# There are also precise reports about how the change was prepared in train 1342f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# stations: all the publicly visible clocks stopped at midnight railway time 1343f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# (or were covered), only the chief of service had a watch, labeled 1344f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# "Heure ancienne", that he kept running until it reached 00:04:21, when 1345f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# he announced "Heure nouvelle". See the "Le Petit Journal 1911-03-11". 1346f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6192911/f1.item.zoom 1347f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1348f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12): 1349f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# That "all French clocks stopped" for 00:09:21 is a misreading of French 1350f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# newspapers; this sort of adjustment applies only to certain 1351f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# remote-controlled clocks ("pendules pneumatiques", of which there existed 1352f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# perhaps a dozen in Paris, and which simply could not be set back remotely), 1353f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# but not to all the clocks in all French towns and villages. For instance, 1354f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# the following story in the "Courrier de Saône-et-Loire" 1911-03-11, page 2: 1355f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# only works if legal time was stepped back (was not monotone): ... 1356f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# [One can observe that children who had been born at midnight less 5 1357f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# minutes and who had died at midnight of the old time, would turn out to 1358f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# be dead before being born, time having been set back and having 1359f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# suppressed 9 minutes and 25 seconds of their existence, that is, more 1360f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# than they could spend.] 1361f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1362f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Paul Eggert (2020-06-12): 1363f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# French time in railway stations was legally five minutes behind civil time, 1364f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# which explains why railway "old time" ran to 00:04:21 instead of to 00:09:21. 1365f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# The law's text (which Michael Deckers noted is at 1366f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# <https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2022333z/f2>) says only that 1367f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# at 1911-03-11 00:00 legal time was that of Paris mean time delayed by 1368f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# nine minutes and twenty-one seconds, and does not say how the 1369f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# transition from Paris mean time was to occur. 1370f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1371f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# tzdb has no way to represent stopped clocks. As the railway practice 1372f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# was to keep a watch running on "old time" to decide when to restart 1373f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# the other clocks, this could be modeled as a transition for "old time" at 1374f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 00:09:21. However, since the law was ambiguous and clocks outside railway 1375f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# stations were probably done haphazardly with the popular impression being 1376f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# that the transition was done at 00:00 "old time", simply leave the time 1377f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# blank; this causes zic to default to 00:00 "old time" which is good enough. 1378f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Do something similar for the 1891-03-16 transition. There are similar 1379f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# problems in Algiers, Monaco and Tunis. 13807c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 13817c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 1382a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 1383f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 13847c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 13857c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 13867c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 13877c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 13887c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 13897c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 13907c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 13917c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 13927c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 13937c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 13947c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 13957c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 13962f9aa4a7Srobbin# were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 13977c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 13987c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 13997c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 14007c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 14017c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 14027c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 14037c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 14047c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 14057c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 14067c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 14077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 14087c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 14097c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 14107c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 14117c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 14127c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 14137c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 14147c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 14157c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 14167c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 14172f9aa4a7Srobbin# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 14182f9aa4a7Srobbin# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 14196f8e8937SDan McDonald# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez, 14206f8e8937SDan McDonald# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La 14216f8e8937SDan McDonald# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 14227c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 14236f8e8937SDan McDonald# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois, 1424a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 14257c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 14262f9aa4a7Srobbin# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 142780868c53Srobbin# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 14286f8e8937SDan McDonald# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 14297c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 14307c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 14317c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 14327c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 14337c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 14347c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 14357c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 14367c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 14377c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 14387c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 14392f9aa4a7Srobbin# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 14407c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 14417c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 14427c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1443f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 14447c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1445374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1446f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiZone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 16 1447f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 14482f9aa4a7Srobbin# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 14497c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 14507c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 14512f9aa4a7Srobbin# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 14527c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 14537c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 14547c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 14557c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 EU CE%sT 14567c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1457f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Denmark 14587c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Germany 1459f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Norway 1460f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Sweden 14617c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 146280868c53Srobbin# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 14637c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 14647c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 14654b8ee424SYuri Pankov# [See tz-link.html for the URL.] 14667c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 14676f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23): 146856725381Srobbin# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1469b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/ 14706f8e8937SDan McDonald# General [Nikolai] Bersarin. 14717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 14727c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 147356725381Srobbin# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 14747c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 14757c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1476c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04. 14777c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1478f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1479f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi 1480f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 1481f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 1482f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 1483f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 1484f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 1485f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1486f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and 1487f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation 1488f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 1489f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 1490f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 1491f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been 1492f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1493f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by 1494f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1495f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1496f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1497f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1498f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi 1499f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): 1500f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 1501f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1502f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 1503f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# keeping Berlin time. 1504f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 1505f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# <https://www.jan-mayen.no/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1506f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1507f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1508f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1509f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 1510f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 1511f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1512f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 1513f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1514f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1515f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1516f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1517f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1518f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1519f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html 1520f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1521f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1522f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 1523f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Berlin 1524f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# for these regions. 15257c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1526f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15277c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 15287c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 15297c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1530af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# https://www.ptb.de/cms/en/ptb/fachabteilungen/abt4/fb-44/ag-441/realisation-of-legal-time-in-germany/dst-and-midsummer-dst-in-germany-until-1979.html 1531af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# says the following transition occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ 1532af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# given in Shanks & Pottenger. Go with the PTB. 153356725381SrobbinRule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 15347c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 15357c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 15367c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 15377c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 153856725381Srobbin 153956725381SrobbinRule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 154056725381SrobbinRule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 154156725381SrobbinRule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 154256725381Srobbin 1543374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 15447c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 15456f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 154656725381Srobbin 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 15477c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 15487c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 EU CE%sT 1549a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi 15507c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Georgia 15517c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 15527c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 15537c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 15547c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 15557c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Gibraltar 1556374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1557427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanZone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 15586f8e8937SDan McDonald 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 15597c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 - CET 1982 15607c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 EU CE%sT 15617c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 15627c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Greece 1563f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15642f9aa4a7Srobbin# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 15657c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 15667c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 15672f9aa4a7Srobbin# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 15687c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 15692f9aa4a7Srobbin# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 15707c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 15717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 15727c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 15732f9aa4a7Srobbin# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 15747c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 15757c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 15767c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 15777c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 15787c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 15797c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 15807c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 15817c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 15827c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 15837c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 15847c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 15857c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 15867c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1587374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 15887c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 15896f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 15907c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 15917c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 15927c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 15932f9aa4a7Srobbin # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 15944b8ee424SYuri Pankov # go with EU rules instead, since Greece joined Jan 1. 15957c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 EU EE%sT 15967c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 15977c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Hungary 1598f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 1599f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-09): 1600f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# an Austrian encyclopedia of railroads of 1913, online at 1601f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# http://www.zeno.org/Roell-1912/A/Eisenbahnzeit 1602f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# says that the switch [to CET] happened on 1890-11-01. 1603f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 1604f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Géza Nyáry (2020-06-07): 1605f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Data for 1918-1983 are based on the archive database of Library Hungaricana. 1606f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# The dates are collected from original, scanned governmental orders, 1607f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# bulletins, instructions and public press. 1608f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# [See URLs below.] 1609f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 1610f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1611f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1918/?pg=238 1612f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1919/?pg=808 1613f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1920/?pg=201 1614f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1918 1919 - Apr 15 2:00 1:00 S 1615f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1918 1920 - Sep Mon>=15 3:00 0 - 1616f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S 1617f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1945/?pg=882 16187c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1619f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 1620f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1946_03/?pg=49 16217c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1622f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1946_09/?pg=54 1623f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00 0 - 1624f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1947_04_1__001-123/?pg=90 1625f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DunantuliNaplo_1947_09/?pg=128 1626f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1948_03_3__001-123/?pg=304 1627f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Zala_1948_09/?pg=64 1628f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SatoraljaujhelyiLeveltar_ZempleniNepujsag_1948/?pg=53 1629f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SatoraljaujhelyiLeveltar_ZempleniNepujsag_1948/?pg=160 1630f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/UjSzo_1949_01-04/?pg=102 1631f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KeletMagyarorszag_1949_03/?pg=96 1632f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1949_09/?pg=94 16337c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1634f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1635f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1954/?pg=513 1636f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1954 only - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1637f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1954 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1638f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1955/?pg=398 1639f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1955 only - May 22 2:00 1:00 S 1640f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1955 only - Oct 2 3:00 0 - 1641f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/HevesMegyeiNepujsag_1956_06/?pg=0 1642f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/EszakMagyarorszag_1956_06/?pg=6 1643f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SzolnokMegyeiNeplap_1957_04/?pg=120 1644f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/PestMegyeiHirlap_1957_09/?pg=143 1645f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1956 1957 - Jun Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1646f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1956 1957 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1647f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1980/?pg=189 1648f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 1649f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1980 only - Sep 28 1:00 0 - 1650f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1980/?pg=1227 1651f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1981_01/?pg=79 1652f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1982/?pg=115 1653f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1983/?pg=85 1654f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1981 1983 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1655f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiRule Hungary 1981 1983 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1656f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 1657374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1658f915e6d3SRobert MustacchiZone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Nov 1 16597c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1660f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1941/?pg=1204 1661f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1942/?pg=3955 1662f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 7 23:00 166356725381Srobbin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1664f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1984 16657c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 EU CE%sT 16667c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 16677c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Italy 1668f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# San Marino 1669f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Vatican City 16707c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 16717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 16727c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 16737c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 16747c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 16757c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 16767c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# so record only the time in Rome. 16777c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 1678374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Stephen Trainor (2019-05-06): 1679374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale/ORA_LEGALE_ESTIVA_IN_ITALIA.htm 1680374df668SAndy Fiddaman# ... the [1866] law went into effect on 12 December 1866, rather than 1681374df668SAndy Fiddaman# the date of the decree (22 Sep 1866) 1682374df668SAndy Fiddaman# https://web.archive.org/web/20070824155341/http://www.iav.it/planetario/didastro/didastro/english.htm 1683374df668SAndy Fiddaman# ... "In Italy in 1866 there were 6 railway times (Torino, Verona, Firenze, 1684374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Roma, Napoli, Palermo). On that year it was decided to unify them, adopting 1685374df668SAndy Fiddaman# the average time of Rome (even if this city was not yet part of the 1686374df668SAndy Fiddaman# kingdom). On the 12th December 1866, on the starting of the winter time 1687374df668SAndy Fiddaman# table, it took effect in the railways, the post office and the telegraph, 1688374df668SAndy Fiddaman# not only for the internal service but also for the public.... Milano set 1689374df668SAndy Fiddaman# the public watches on the Rome time on the same day (12th December 1866), 1690374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Torino and Bologna on the 1st January 1867, Venezia the 1st May 1880 and the 1691374df668SAndy Fiddaman# last city was Cagliari in 1886." 1692374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1693374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Luigi Rosa (2019-05-07): 1694374df668SAndy Fiddaman# this is the scan of the decree: 1695374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/filopanti/1866c.jpg 1696374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1697dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24): 1698dafc4501SDan McDonald# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10 1699dafc4501SDan McDonald# ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into 1700dafc4501SDan McDonald# force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in 1701dafc4501SDan McDonald# the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...." 1702dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1703dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20): 1704dafc4501SDan McDonald# The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological 1705dafc4501SDan McDonald# institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at 1706dafc4501SDan McDonald# http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml 1707374df668SAndy Fiddaman# [now at http://oldsite.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml as of 2017] 1708dafc4501SDan McDonald# (2016-10-24): 1709dafc4501SDan McDonald# http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/ 1710dafc4501SDan McDonald# has still different data for 1944. It divides Italy in two, as 1711dafc4501SDan McDonald# there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic 1712dafc4501SDan McDonald# Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south 1713dafc4501SDan McDonald# of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies. 1714dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1715dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23): 1716dafc4501SDan McDonald# Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219. 1717dafc4501SDan McDonald# Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ... 1718dafc4501SDan McDonald# Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is 1719dafc4501SDan McDonald# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ... 1720dafc4501SDan McDonald# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed. 1721dafc4501SDan McDonald# 172206965442SAndy Fiddaman# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-02): 1723374df668SAndy Fiddaman# I spent 6 Euros to buy two archive copies of Il Messaggero, a Roman paper, 1724374df668SAndy Fiddaman# for 1 and 2 April 1944. The edition of 2 April has this note: "Tonight at 2 1725374df668SAndy Fiddaman# am, put forward the clock by one hour. Remember that in the night between 1726374df668SAndy Fiddaman# today and Monday the 'ora legale' will come in force again." That makes it 1727374df668SAndy Fiddaman# clear that in Rome the change was on Monday, 3 April 1944 at 2 am. 1728374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 172906965442SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2021-10-05): 1730dafc4501SDan McDonald# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944 1731dafc4501SDan McDonald# for the Kingdom of Italy. This is consistent with Renzo Baldini. 1732b654b02dSYuri Pankov# Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10 1733dafc4501SDan McDonald# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it 173406965442SAndy Fiddaman# was effectively controlled by Germany. Using C-Eur is consistent 173506965442SAndy Fiddaman# with Treindl's comment about Rome in April 1944, as the "Rule Italy" 173606965442SAndy Fiddaman# lines during German occupation do not affect Europe/Rome 173706965442SAndy Fiddaman# (though they do affect Europe/Malta). 17387c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 1739f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1740dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 24:00 1:00 S 1741dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1916 1917 - Sep 30 24:00 0 - 1742dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1917 only - Mar 31 24:00 1:00 S 1743dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1918 only - Mar 9 24:00 1:00 S 1744dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1918 only - Oct 6 24:00 0 - 1745dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1919 only - Mar 1 24:00 1:00 S 1746dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1919 only - Oct 4 24:00 0 - 1747dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1920 only - Mar 20 24:00 1:00 S 1748dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1920 only - Sep 18 24:00 0 - 1749dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1940 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S 1750dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 1751dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1752dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 1753dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1944 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1754dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 1755dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1756dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 1:00 0 - 1757dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1758dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1759dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1760dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1761dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1762dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1763dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1764dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1966 only - Sep 24 24:00 0 - 1765dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1967 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00s 0 - 1766dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1767dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1768dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1769dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1770dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1771dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1772dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1773dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1774dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1775dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1776dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1777dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1778dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1779dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1780dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1781374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1782374df668SAndy FiddamanZone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Dec 12 1783427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Oct 31 23:00u # Rome Mean 1784dafc4501SDan McDonald 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1943 Sep 10 1785dafc4501SDan McDonald 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jun 4 17867c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 17877c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 EU CE%sT 178806965442SAndy Fiddaman 17897c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Latvia 17907c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 179180868c53Srobbin# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 17927c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 17937c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 17947c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 17957c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 17967c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 17977c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 179856b82ca8SDan McDonald# Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 179956b82ca8SDan McDonald# according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 18007c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 18017c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 18027c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 18037c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 180456b82ca8SDan McDonald# Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 180556b82ca8SDan McDonald# according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 18067c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 18077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 18087c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 18097c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 18107c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 181156b82ca8SDan McDonald# Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 181256b82ca8SDan McDonald# according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 18137c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 18147c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 18157c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 18167c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 18177c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 18187c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 18197c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 18207c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 18217c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 18227c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 18237c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 18247c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 18257c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 18267c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 18277c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 18287c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 182956b82ca8SDan McDonald# 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>, 18306f8e8937SDan McDonald# in Latvian for subscribers only). 18317c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 18326f8e8937SDan McDonald# From RFE/RL Newsline 18336f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html 18346f8e8937SDan McDonald# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 18357c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 18367c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 18377c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 18387c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# clocks one hour in the spring.... 18396f8e8937SDan McDonald# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few 18407c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 18417c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 18427c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 18437c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 18447c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# appears that they will not do so.... 18457c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1846f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 18477c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 18487c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 18496f8e8937SDan McDonald 18506f8e8937SDan McDonald# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time). 18516f8e8937SDan McDonald# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34. 18526f8e8937SDan McDonald# Go with Byalokoz. 18536f8e8937SDan McDonald 1854374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 18556f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Europe/Riga 1:36:34 - LMT 1880 18566f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:36:34 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 # Riga MT 18576f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 # Latvian ST 18586f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:36:34 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 18596f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:36:34 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 18606f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:36:34 - RMT 1926 May 11 18617c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 18627c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 18637c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 18646f8e8937SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 18656f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 18667c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 18677c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 18687c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 18697c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 EU EE%sT 18707c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 18717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Lithuania 18727c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1873f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 1874f63cc156SDan McDonald# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 1875f63cc156SDan McDonald 18767c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 18777c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 18787c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 18797c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 188080868c53Srobbin# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 18817c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 18827c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 18837c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 18846f8e8937SDan McDonald# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>, 18857c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# via Steffen Thorsen: 18867c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 18877c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# to be valid here starting from October 31, 18887c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 18897c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 18907c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 18917c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# already done by Estonia. 18927c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 18936f8e8937SDan McDonald# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 18946f8e8937SDan McDonald# <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27): 18956f8e8937SDan McDonald# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 18967c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 18977c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 18987c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 18997c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 19007c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 19017c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 19027c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 19037c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 19047c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 19057c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1906374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 19077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 19086f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 19097c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 19107c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 19117c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 19127c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 19137c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 19147c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1915f63cc156SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1916f63cc156SDan McDonald 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 19177c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 19186f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 19196f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 19207c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 19217c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 EU EE%sT 19227c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 19237c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Malta 1924dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1925dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21): 1926dafc4501SDan McDonald# Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks. 1927dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1928f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 19297c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 19307c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 19317c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 19327c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 19337c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 19347c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 19357c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1936374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1937427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanZone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 # Valletta 19387c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 19397c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 19407c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 EU CE%sT 19417c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 19427c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Moldova 19437c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1944f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 1945f63cc156SDan McDonald# the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04 1946f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2 1947f63cc156SDan McDonald# ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR 1948f63cc156SDan McDonald# time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt 1949f63cc156SDan McDonald# plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be 1950f63cc156SDan McDonald# adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer" 1951f63cc156SDan McDonald# time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and 1952f63cc156SDan McDonald# reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00. 1953f63cc156SDan McDonald 19542f9aa4a7Srobbin# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 19552f9aa4a7Srobbin# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 19562f9aa4a7Srobbin# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 19577c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 19587c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 19597c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 19607c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 196180868c53Srobbin# But [two people] separately reported via 19626f8e8937SDan McDonald# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 19637c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1964abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# 1965abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1966abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1967abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1968abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# to the Winter Time). 1969abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# 1970abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# News (in Russian): 1971abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1972abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1973abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# 1974abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1975abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1976abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# 1977abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1978abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1979abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1980abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# 1981abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1982a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 1983a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1984a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1985a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1986a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# decision to abolish DST this winter. 1987a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1988a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1989a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# News from Moldova (in russian): 1990b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1991a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi 199256b82ca8SDan McDonald# From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02): 199356b82ca8SDan McDonald# http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077 199456b82ca8SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01): 199556b82ca8SDan McDonald# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that 199656b82ca8SDan McDonald# 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time. Also, 1997b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara 199856b82ca8SDan McDonald# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time. 199956b82ca8SDan McDonald# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU. 200056b82ca8SDan McDonald 2001f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 200256b82ca8SDan McDonaldRule Moldova 1997 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 200356b82ca8SDan McDonaldRule Moldova 1997 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 20047c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2005374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 20067c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 20077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 20087c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 20097c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 20107c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 20117c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 2012f63cc156SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 May 6 2:00 20137c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 20147c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 20157c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 201656b82ca8SDan McDonald 2:00 Moldova EE%sT 20177c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 20187c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Poland 20196f8e8937SDan McDonald 20206f8e8937SDan McDonald# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20), 20216f8e8937SDan McDonald# <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2. 20226f8e8937SDan McDonald 2023f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 20247c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 20257c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 20262f9aa4a7SrobbinRule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 20272f9aa4a7Srobbin# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 20287c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 20292f9aa4a7Srobbin# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 20307c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 20317c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 203280868c53Srobbin# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 20336f8e8937SDan McDonald# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 2034b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1 20356f8e8937SDan McDonald# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 203680868c53Srobbin# He also gives these further references: 203780868c53Srobbin# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 203880868c53Srobbin# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 203980868c53SrobbinRule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 204080868c53SrobbinRule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 204180868c53SrobbinRule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 204280868c53SrobbinRule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 204380868c53SrobbinRule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 204480868c53SrobbinRule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 20457c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 20467c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 20477c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 20487c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 20497c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 20507c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 205180868c53SrobbinRule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 20527c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2053374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 20547c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 20556f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 20566f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 20577c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 20586f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 20597c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 206080868c53Srobbin 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 206180868c53Srobbin 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 20627c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 EU CE%sT 20637c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 20647c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Portugal 20653508b934SYuri Pankov 20666f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne: 20676f8e8937SDan McDonald# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26) 2068b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 20696f8e8937SDan McDonald# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00. 20706f8e8937SDan McDonald# 20713508b934SYuri Pankov# From Michael Deckers (2018-02-15): 20723508b934SYuri Pankov# article 5 [of the 1911 decree; Deckers's translation] ...: 20733508b934SYuri Pankov# These dispositions shall enter into force at the instant at which, 20743508b934SYuri Pankov# according to the 2nd article, the civil day January 1, 1912 begins, 20753508b934SYuri Pankov# all clocks therefore having to be advanced or set back correspondingly ... 20763508b934SYuri Pankov 207780868c53Srobbin# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 20787c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 20797c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 20807c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 208180868c53Srobbin# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 20827c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 20837c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 20847c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 20857c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 20867c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 20877c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 20887c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 20897c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 20907c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 20914b8ee424SYuri Pankov# harmonized with EU rules), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 20927c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 2093f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 20947c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 20957c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 20962f9aa4a7Srobbin# Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 20977c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 20982f9aa4a7Srobbin# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 20997c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 21007c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 21017c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 21027c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 21037c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 21047c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 21057c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 21067c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 21077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 21087c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 21097c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 21107c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 21117c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 21127c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 21137c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 21142f9aa4a7Srobbin# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 21157c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 21167c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 21177c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 21182f9aa4a7Srobbin# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 21197c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 21202f9aa4a7Srobbin# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 21217c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 21227c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 21232f9aa4a7Srobbin# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 21247c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 21257c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 21267c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 21272f9aa4a7Srobbin# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 21287c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 21297c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 21302f9aa4a7Srobbin# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 21317c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 21327c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 21337c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 21347c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 21357c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 21367c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 21377c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 21387c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 21397c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 21407c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 21417c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 214206965442SAndy Fiddaman# Whitman says DST was not observed in 1950; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 21432f9aa4a7Srobbin# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 214406965442SAndy FiddamanRule Port 1947 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 214506965442SAndy FiddamanRule Port 1947 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 21467c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 21477c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 21487c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 21497c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 21507c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 21517c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 21527c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 21537c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 21546f8e8937SDan McDonald# 2155374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2156427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman #STDOFF -0:36:44.68 21576f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:45 - LMT 1884 21583508b934SYuri Pankov -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 0:00u # Lisbon MT 21596f8e8937SDan McDonald 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 21606f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 21616f8e8937SDan McDonald 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 21626f8e8937SDan McDonald 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 21636f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 21647c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 EU WE%sT 21656f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 21663508b934SYuri Pankov -1:54:32 - HMT 1912 Jan 1 2:00u # Horta MT 2167427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support %z. 2168427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# -2:00 Port %z 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2169427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# -1:00 Port %z 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2170427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# -1:00 W-Eur %z 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2171427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk. 2172dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port -02/-01 1942 Apr 25 22:00s 2173dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port +00 1942 Aug 15 22:00s 2174dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port -02/-01 1943 Apr 17 22:00s 2175dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port +00 1943 Aug 28 22:00s 2176dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port -02/-01 1944 Apr 22 22:00s 2177dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port +00 1944 Aug 26 22:00s 2178dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port -02/-01 1945 Apr 21 22:00s 2179dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port +00 1945 Aug 25 22:00s 2180dafc4501SDan McDonald -2:00 Port -02/-01 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2181dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port -01/+00 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2182dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 W-Eur -01/+00 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2183427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# End of rearguard section. 21846f8e8937SDan McDonald 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 2185dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 EU -01/+00 21866f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 21873508b934SYuri Pankov -1:07:36 - FMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u # Funchal MT 2188427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support %z. 2189427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# -1:00 Port %z 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2190427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking %z; see ziguard.awk. 2191dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port -01/+00 1942 Apr 25 22:00s 2192dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port +01 1942 Aug 15 22:00s 2193dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port -01/+00 1943 Apr 17 22:00s 2194dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port +01 1943 Aug 28 22:00s 2195dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port -01/+00 1944 Apr 22 22:00s 2196dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port +01 1944 Aug 26 22:00s 2197dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port -01/+00 1945 Apr 21 22:00s 2198dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port +01 1945 Aug 25 22:00s 2199dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 Port -01/+00 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2200427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# End of rearguard section. 22016f8e8937SDan McDonald 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 22027c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 EU WE%sT 22037c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 22047c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Romania 22057c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 22067c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 22076f8e8937SDan McDonald# Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html> 22086f8e8937SDan McDonald# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 22097c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 22107c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 22117c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# the same year as Bulgaria. 22127c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 2213f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 22147c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 22157c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 22167c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 22177c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 22187c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 22197c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 22207c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 22217c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 22227c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 2223374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 22247c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 22256f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 22266f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 22277c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 22287c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 22297c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 22307c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 EU EE%sT 22317c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 22326f8e8937SDan McDonald 22337c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Russia 22347c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2235a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): 223656b82ca8SDan McDonald# Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011 2237a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# (Government document 2238a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ 2239a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# in Russian) 2240a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... 2241a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English 2242a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: 2243a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm 2244a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi 2245a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): 224656b82ca8SDan McDonald# Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: 2247a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 2248a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). 2249a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi 2250a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2251a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia 2252a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# changed in September 2011: 2253a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 2254a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# One source is 2255a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ 2256a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, 225756b82ca8SDan McDonald# 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. 2258a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 2259a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Another source is 2260b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html 2261a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the 2262a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also 2263a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: 226456b82ca8SDan McDonald# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which 2265a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# does not contain any "effective date" information. 2266a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 2267a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Another source is 2268b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 226956b82ca8SDan McDonald# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011... 2270a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2271a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. 2272a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 2273a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# The Wikipedia article refers to 2274a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 2275a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. 2276a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 2277a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's 2278a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 22796f8e8937SDan McDonald# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to 22806f8e8937SDan McDonald# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias 22816f8e8937SDan McDonald# Conradi notes). 2282a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 2283a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. 2284a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 2285a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. 2286a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi 22876f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01): 22886f8e8937SDan McDonald# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency) 22896f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562 22906f8e8937SDan McDonald# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to 22916f8e8937SDan McDonald# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new 22926f8e8937SDan McDonald# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ... 2293af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02 22946f8e8937SDan McDonald# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N 22956f8e8937SDan McDonald# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding 22966f8e8937SDan McDonald# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English): 22976f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html 22986f8e8937SDan McDonald# 22996f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22): 23006f8e8937SDan McDonald# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian) 23016f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711 23026f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660 23036f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279 2304b654b02dSYuri Pankov# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will look like this: 23056f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html 23066f8e8937SDan McDonald 23072f9aa4a7Srobbin# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 23087c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 23092f9aa4a7Srobbin# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 23102f9aa4a7Srobbin# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 23112f9aa4a7Srobbin# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 23127c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 231380868c53Srobbin# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 23147c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 23157c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 23167c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 23177c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 23187c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 231980868c53Srobbin# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2320a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 23217c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 23227c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 23237c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 23247c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 232580868c53Srobbin# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 23267c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 23277c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 23287c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 23297c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 23307c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 23317c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 23326f8e8937SDan McDonald# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 23337c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 23346f8e8937SDan McDonald# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began 23357c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 23367c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 23377c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 23387c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 23397c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 23407c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 23417c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 23427c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 23437c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 23447c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 23456f8e8937SDan McDonald 234605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Marat Nigametzianov (2018-07-16): 234705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# this is link to order from 1956 about timezone in USSR 234805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2011/11/novyie-granitsyi-chasovyih-poyasov-v-sssr/ 234905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 235005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2018-07-16): 235105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Perhaps someone could translate the above-mentioned link and use it 235205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# to correct our data for the ex-Soviet Union. It cites the following: 235305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# «Поясное время и новые границы часовых поясов» / сост. П.Н. Долгов, 235405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# отв. ред. Г.Д. Бурдун - М: Комитет стандартов, мер и измерительных 235505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# приборов при Совете Министров СССР, Междуведомственная комиссия 235605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# единой службы времени, 1956 г. 235705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# This book looks like it would be a helpful resource for the Soviet 235805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Union through 1956. Although a copy was in the Scientific Library 235905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# of Tomsk State University, I have not been able to track down a copy nearby. 236005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 236105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Stepan Golosunov (2018-07-21): 236205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2015/05/center-reforma-ischisleniya-vremeni-br-na-territorii-sssr-v-1957-godu-center/ 236305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# says that the 1956 decision to change time belts' borders was not 236405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# implemented as planned in 1956 and the change happened in 1957. 236505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# There is also the problem that actual time zones were different from 236605e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# the official time belts (and from many time belts' maps) as there were 236705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# numerous exceptions to application of time belt rules. For example, 236805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Московское_время#Перемещение_границы_применения_московского_времени_на_восток 236905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# says that by 1962 there were many regions in the 3rd time belt that 237005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# were on Moscow time, referring to a 1962 map. By 1989 number of such 237105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# exceptions grew considerably. 237205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 23736f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 23746f8e8937SDan McDonald# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist 23756f8e8937SDan McDonald# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions 23766f8e8937SDan McDonald# are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative 23776f8e8937SDan McDonald# listing. The region codes listed come from 2378b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498 23796f8e8937SDan McDonald# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their 23806f8e8937SDan McDonald# future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level 23816f8e8937SDan McDonald# divisions where available. 23826f8e8937SDan McDonald 23836f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 23846f8e8937SDan McDonald# Europe/Kaliningrad covers... 23856f8e8937SDan McDonald# 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast 23866f8e8937SDan McDonald 2387374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25): 2388374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Although Shanks lists 1945-01-01 as the date for transition from 2389374df668SAndy Fiddaman# +01/+02 to +02/+03, more likely this is a placeholder. Guess that 2390374df668SAndy Fiddaman# the transition occurred at 1945-04-10 00:00, which is about when 239106965442SAndy Fiddaman# Königsberg surrendered to Soviet troops. (Thanks to Alois Treindl.) 2392374df668SAndy Fiddaman 2393f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2394f63cc156SDan McDonald# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2395f63cc156SDan McDonald 2396f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2397f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni 2398f63cc156SDan McDonald# confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented. 2399f63cc156SDan McDonald# (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that 2400f63cc156SDan McDonald# summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But 2401f63cc156SDan McDonald# 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.) 2402f63cc156SDan McDonald# ... 2403f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 2404f63cc156SDan McDonald# says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided 2405f63cc156SDan McDonald# at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to 2406f63cc156SDan McDonald# Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19. 2407f63cc156SDan McDonald 24087c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2409374df668SAndy Fiddaman 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 10 2410374df668SAndy Fiddaman 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1946 Apr 7 2411f63cc156SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 24126f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2413c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 24146f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:00 - EET 24156f8e8937SDan McDonald 24166f8e8937SDan McDonald 2417f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and 2418f63cc156SDan McDonald# Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 24196f8e8937SDan McDonald# Europe/Moscow covers... 24206f8e8937SDan McDonald# 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of 24216f8e8937SDan McDonald# 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of 24226f8e8937SDan McDonald# 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of 24236f8e8937SDan McDonald# 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic 24246f8e8937SDan McDonald# 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of 24256f8e8937SDan McDonald# 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic 24266f8e8937SDan McDonald# 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of 24276f8e8937SDan McDonald# 11 RU-KO Komi Republic 24286f8e8937SDan McDonald# 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic 24296f8e8937SDan McDonald# 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of 24306f8e8937SDan McDonald# 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of 24316f8e8937SDan McDonald# 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of 24326f8e8937SDan McDonald# 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic 24336f8e8937SDan McDonald# 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic 24346f8e8937SDan McDonald# 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai 24356f8e8937SDan McDonald# 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai 24366f8e8937SDan McDonald# 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast 24376f8e8937SDan McDonald# 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast 24386f8e8937SDan McDonald# 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast 24396f8e8937SDan McDonald# 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast 24406f8e8937SDan McDonald# 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast 24416f8e8937SDan McDonald# 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast 24426f8e8937SDan McDonald# 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast 24436f8e8937SDan McDonald# 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast 24446f8e8937SDan McDonald# 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast 24456f8e8937SDan McDonald# 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast 24466f8e8937SDan McDonald# 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast 24476f8e8937SDan McDonald# 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast 24486f8e8937SDan McDonald# 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast 24496f8e8937SDan McDonald# 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast 24506f8e8937SDan McDonald# 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast 24516f8e8937SDan McDonald# 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast 24526f8e8937SDan McDonald# 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast 24536f8e8937SDan McDonald# 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast 24546f8e8937SDan McDonald# 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast 24556f8e8937SDan McDonald# 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast 24566f8e8937SDan McDonald# 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast 24576f8e8937SDan McDonald# 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast 24586f8e8937SDan McDonald# 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast 24596f8e8937SDan McDonald# 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast 24606f8e8937SDan McDonald# 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast 24616f8e8937SDan McDonald# 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast 24626f8e8937SDan McDonald# 77 RU-MOW Moscow 24636f8e8937SDan McDonald# 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg 24646f8e8937SDan McDonald# 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug 24656f8e8937SDan McDonald 2466c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23): 2467c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919. Decree No. 59 2468c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time 2469c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854 2470c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT. 2471c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date; 2472c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are 2473c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks. 2474c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.) 2475c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 2476f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2477f63cc156SDan McDonald# 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982. 2478f63cc156SDan McDonald# Wikipedia refers to 2479f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html 2480f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm 2481f63cc156SDan McDonald# 2482f63cc156SDan McDonald# The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn 2483f63cc156SDan McDonald# magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to 2484f63cc156SDan McDonald# the Trud newspaper from February 1982. The first link provides the 2485f63cc156SDan McDonald# same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses 2486f63cc156SDan McDonald# time belt changes map). 2487f63cc156SDan McDonald# 2488f63cc156SDan McDonald# The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to 2489f63cc156SDan McDonald# introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt 2490f63cc156SDan McDonald# border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous 2491f63cc156SDan McDonald# Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka 2492f63cc156SDan McDonald# according to the provided map (colored one). In addition to that 2493f63cc156SDan McDonald# "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time 2494f63cc156SDan McDonald# belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on 2495f63cc156SDan McDonald# 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage. (Komi ASSR was 2496f63cc156SDan McDonald# supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2 2497f63cc156SDan McDonald# hour difference.) Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01 2498f63cc156SDan McDonald# is also provided. 2499f63cc156SDan McDonald# 2500f63cc156SDan McDonald# The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems 2501f63cc156SDan McDonald# and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not 2502f63cc156SDan McDonald# moving to summer time on 1982-04-01. Namely: Dagestan, 2503f63cc156SDan McDonald# Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian, 2504f63cc156SDan McDonald# Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol 2505f63cc156SDan McDonald# krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo, 2506f63cc156SDan McDonald# Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and 2507f63cc156SDan McDonald# Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky 2508f63cc156SDan McDonald# district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. As a result Evenk Autonomous 2509f63cc156SDan McDonald# Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end 2510f63cc156SDan McDonald# up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow 2511f63cc156SDan McDonald# time. 2512f63cc156SDan McDonald# 2513f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt 2514f63cc156SDan McDonald# attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers 2515f63cc156SDan McDonald# of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982. 1980-925.txt also adds 2516f63cc156SDan McDonald# Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky 2517c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. Probably erroneously. 2518f63cc156SDan McDonald# 2519f63cc156SDan McDonald# The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow, 2520f63cc156SDan McDonald# Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk. 2521f63cc156SDan McDonald# 2522f63cc156SDan McDonald# 12. Udmurtia 2523f63cc156SDan McDonald# The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i 2524f63cc156SDan McDonald# Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from 2525f63cc156SDan McDonald# Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act. 2526f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt 2527f63cc156SDan McDonald# implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01. 2528f63cc156SDan McDonald# Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991. 2529f63cc156SDan McDonald# 2530f63cc156SDan McDonald# ... 2531f63cc156SDan McDonald# 2532f63cc156SDan McDonald# All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at 2533f63cc156SDan McDonald# 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1 2534f63cc156SDan McDonald# change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia). 2535f63cc156SDan McDonald# 2536f63cc156SDan McDonald# There were some exceptions, though. 2537f63cc156SDan McDonald# Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd, 2538f63cc156SDan McDonald# Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992 2539f63cc156SDan McDonald# change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some 2540f63cc156SDan McDonald# lists found in the internet are quite wild.) 2541f63cc156SDan McDonald# 2542f63cc156SDan McDonald# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment. 2543f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091 2544f63cc156SDan McDonald# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the 2545f63cc156SDan McDonald# 1991-03-31 switch and one person at 2546b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html 2547f63cc156SDan McDonald# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception 2548f63cc156SDan McDonald# 2 days before the switch. 2549f63cc156SDan McDonald# 25502de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# From Alois Treindl (2022-02-15): 25512de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# the Russian wikipedia page 25522de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Московское_время#Перемещение_границы_применения_московского_времени_на_восток 25532de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# contains the sentence (in Google translation) "In the autumn of 25542de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# 1981, Arkhangelsk, Vologda, Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Ryazan, 25552de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# Lipetsk, Voronezh, Rostov-on-Don, Krasnodar and regions to the east 25562de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# of those named (about 30 in total) parted ways with Moscow time. 25572de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# However, the convenience of common time with Moscow turned out to be 25582de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# decisive - in 1982, these regions again switched to Moscow time." 25592de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# Shanks International atlas has similar information, and also the 25602de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# Russian book Zaitsev A., Kutalev D. A new astrologer's reference 25612de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# book. Coordinates of cities and time corrections, - The World of 25622de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# Urania, 2012 (Russian: Зайцев А., Куталёв Д., Новый справочник 25632de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# астролога. Координаты городов и временные поправки). 25642de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# To me it seems that an extra zone is needed, which starts with LMT 25652de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# util 1919, later follows Moscow since 1930, but deviates from it 25662de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# between 1 October 1981 until 1 April 1982. 25672de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# 25682de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# 25692de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2022-02-15): 2570f63cc156SDan McDonald# Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the 2571f63cc156SDan McDonald# chaotic early 1980s in Russia. It's not clear what these entries 2572f63cc156SDan McDonald# should be. For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the 2573f63cc156SDan McDonald# time in Moscow. 2574f63cc156SDan McDonald 25756f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08): 25766f8e8937SDan McDonald# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow 25773508b934SYuri Pankov# Observatory (coordinates: 55° 45' 29.70", 37° 34' 05.30").... 25786f8e8937SDan McDonald# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard. 25796f8e8937SDan McDonald# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.) 25806f8e8937SDan McDonald# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by 25816f8e8937SDan McDonald# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow 25826f8e8937SDan McDonald# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory 25833508b934SYuri Pankov# coordinates: 59° 46' 18.70", 30° 19' 40.70") so 30° 19' 40.70" > 25846f8e8937SDan McDonald# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 = 25856f8e8937SDan McDonald# 2:31:19 ... 25866f8e8937SDan McDonald# 25876f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 25886f8e8937SDan McDonald# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in 25896f8e8937SDan McDonald# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895). 25906f8e8937SDan McDonald# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in 25916f8e8937SDan McDonald# Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky. 25926f8e8937SDan McDonald 25936f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880 25946f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2595c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 25966f8e8937SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct 25977c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 25987c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 25996f8e8937SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 26006f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 26016f8e8937SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 26026f8e8937SDan McDonald 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 26036f8e8937SDan McDonald 3:00 - MSK 26046f8e8937SDan McDonald 26056f8e8937SDan McDonald 2606dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06): 2607dafc4501SDan McDonald# Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea. 26086f8e8937SDan McDonald 26096f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 26106f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 26116f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 26126f8e8937SDan McDonald 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 26136f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 26146f8e8937SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 26156f8e8937SDan McDonald 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 26162de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 20 26176f8e8937SDan McDonald# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 26186f8e8937SDan McDonald# 2619427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2022-07-21): 2620427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reported that central Crimea switched 2621427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# from Kyiv to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 26226f8e8937SDan McDonald# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened 26236f8e8937SDan McDonald# sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 26246f8e8937SDan McDonald# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2625427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# changed in May. This change evidently didn't last long; see below. 26262de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2627427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also said that Kerch is still like Kyiv. 2628427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 3:00 C-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 0:00s 26296f8e8937SDan McDonald 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2630427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# IATA SSIM (1997-09) said Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 26316f8e8937SDan McDonald# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 26326f8e8937SDan McDonald 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 26336f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): 26346f8e8937SDan McDonald# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 2635b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html 2636fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# From Tim Parenti (2022-07-01), per Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): 2637fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# The clocks at the railway station in Simferopol were put forward from 22:00 2638fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# to 24:00 the previous day in a "symbolic ceremony"; however, per 2639fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# contemporaneous news reports, "ordinary Crimeans [made] the daylight savings 2640fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# time switch at 2am" on Sunday. 2641fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/crimea-to-set-clocks-to-russia-time-114033000014_1.html 2642fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-crisis-crimea-time/crimea-switches-to-moscow-time-amid-incorporation-frenzy-idUKBREA2S0LT20140329 2643fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-26806583 26446f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 26456f8e8937SDan McDonald 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 26466f8e8937SDan McDonald 3:00 - MSK 26476f8e8937SDan McDonald 26486f8e8937SDan McDonald 2649f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2650f63cc156SDan McDonald# Europe/Astrakhan covers: 26516f8e8937SDan McDonald# 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast 2652f63cc156SDan McDonald# 2653f63cc156SDan McDonald# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2654f63cc156SDan McDonald 2655f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12): 2656f63cc156SDan McDonald# On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation 2657f63cc156SDan McDonald# Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time).... 2658f63cc156SDan McDonald# This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00. 2659f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2660f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056 2661f63cc156SDan McDonald 2662f63cc156SDan McDonaldZone Europe/Astrakhan 3:12:12 - LMT 1924 May 2663f63cc156SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2664f63cc156SDan McDonald 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2665f63cc156SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2666f63cc156SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2667f63cc156SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2668f63cc156SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2669f63cc156SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2670f63cc156SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 2671f63cc156SDan McDonald 2672dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11): 2673f63cc156SDan McDonald# Europe/Volgograd covers: 26746f8e8937SDan McDonald# 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast 2675f63cc156SDan McDonald# The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04). 26766f8e8937SDan McDonald 267705e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Alexander Fetisov (2018-09-20): 267805e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Volgograd region in southern Russia (Europe/Volgograd) change 267905e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# timezone from UTC+3 to UTC+4 from 28oct2018. 268005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# http://sozd.parliament.gov.ru/bill/452878-7 268105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# 268205e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# From Stepan Golosunov (2018-10-11): 268305e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# The law has been published today on 268405e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201810110037 268505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 2686f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2020-11-27): 2687f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# The State Duma approved (Nov 24, 2020) the transition of the Volgograd 2688f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# region to the Moscow time zone.... 2689f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/1012130-7 2690f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 2691f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Stepan Golosunov (2020-12-05): 2692f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Currently proposed text for the second reading (expected on December 8) ... 2693f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# changes the date to December 27. https://v1.ru/text/gorod/2020/12/04/69601031/ 2694f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# 2695f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# From Stepan Golosunov (2020-12-22): 2696f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# The law was published today on 2697f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202012220002 2698f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 26992f9aa4a7SrobbinZone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2700c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2701c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 1961 Nov 11 2702c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s 2703af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2704c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2705af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2706af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2707af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 3:00 - MSK 2018 Oct 28 2:00s 2708f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi 4:00 - +04 2020 Dec 27 2:00s 2709af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 3:00 - MSK 27106f8e8937SDan McDonald 2711dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11): 2712dafc4501SDan McDonald# Europe/Saratov covers: 2713dafc4501SDan McDonald# 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast 2714dafc4501SDan McDonald 2715dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11): 2716dafc4501SDan McDonald# Dec 4, 2016 02:00 UTC+3.... Saratov Region's local time will be ... UTC+4. 2717dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11): 2718dafc4501SDan McDonald# ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on 03:04:18. 2719dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22): 2720dafc4501SDan McDonald# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031 2721dafc4501SDan McDonald 2722dafc4501SDan McDonaldZone Europe/Saratov 3:04:18 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2723dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2724dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1988 Mar 27 2:00s 2725dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2726dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2727dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2728dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2729dafc4501SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 2016 Dec 4 2:00s 2730dafc4501SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 2731dafc4501SDan McDonald 2732f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2733f63cc156SDan McDonald# Europe/Kirov covers: 2734f63cc156SDan McDonald# 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast 2735f63cc156SDan McDonald# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2736f63cc156SDan McDonald# 2737c2d5ab87SDan McDonaldZone Europe/Kirov 3:18:48 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2738c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2739c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2740af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2741c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2742af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2743af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2744af2e290bSAndy Fiddaman 3:00 - MSK 27456f8e8937SDan McDonald 27466f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 27476f8e8937SDan McDonald# Europe/Samara covers... 27486f8e8937SDan McDonald# 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic 27496f8e8937SDan McDonald# 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast 27506f8e8937SDan McDonald 2751f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 27526f8e8937SDan McDonald# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20. 2753f63cc156SDan McDonald# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 27546f8e8937SDan McDonald 2755c2d5ab87SDan McDonaldZone Europe/Samara 3:20:20 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2756c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2757c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 1935 Jan 27 2758c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2759c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2760c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2761c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2762c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 4:00 Russia +04/+05 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2763c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2764c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 2765cedde648SNobutomo Nakano 2766f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2767f63cc156SDan McDonald# Europe/Ulyanovsk covers: 2768f63cc156SDan McDonald# 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast 2769f63cc156SDan McDonald 2770f63cc156SDan McDonald# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14). 2771f63cc156SDan McDonald 2772f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): 2773f63cc156SDan McDonald# Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am. 2774f63cc156SDan McDonald# Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ... 2775f63cc156SDan McDonald# 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading. 2776f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2777f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051 2778f63cc156SDan McDonald 2779c2d5ab87SDan McDonaldZone Europe/Ulyanovsk 3:13:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 0:00u 2780f63cc156SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 1930 Jun 21 2781f63cc156SDan McDonald 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 2782f63cc156SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia +03/+04 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2783f63cc156SDan McDonald 2:00 Russia +02/+03 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2784f63cc156SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia +03/+04 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2785f63cc156SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2786f63cc156SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2787f63cc156SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 27886f8e8937SDan McDonald 27896f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 27906f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers... 27916f8e8937SDan McDonald# 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of 27926f8e8937SDan McDonald# 90 RU-PER Perm Krai 27936f8e8937SDan McDonald# 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast 27946f8e8937SDan McDonald# 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast 27956f8e8937SDan McDonald# 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast 27966f8e8937SDan McDonald# 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast 27976f8e8937SDan McDonald# 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast 27986f8e8937SDan McDonald# 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra 27996f8e8937SDan McDonald# 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 28006f8e8937SDan McDonald# 28016f8e8937SDan McDonald# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak 28026f8e8937SDan McDonald# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai. 28036f8e8937SDan McDonald 2804427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9. 28056f8e8937SDan McDonald# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05. 28066f8e8937SDan McDonald# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard. 28076f8e8937SDan McDonald# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks. 28086f8e8937SDan McDonald 2809427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman #STDOFF 4:02:32.9 28106f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1916 Jul 3 28116f8e8937SDan McDonald 3:45:05 - PMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 2812c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 4:00 - +04 1930 Jun 21 2813c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2814c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 4:00 Russia +04/+05 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2815c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 5:00 Russia +05/+06 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2816c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2817c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 5:00 - +05 28186f8e8937SDan McDonald 28196f8e8937SDan McDonald 28206f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 28216f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Omsk covers... 28226f8e8937SDan McDonald# 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast 28236f8e8937SDan McDonald 28246f8e8937SDan McDonald# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30. 28256f8e8937SDan McDonald 28266f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Asia/Omsk 4:53:30 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 2827c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 5:00 - +05 1930 Jun 21 2828c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2829c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 5:00 Russia +05/+06 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2830c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2831c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2832c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 28336f8e8937SDan McDonald 2834f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22): 2835f63cc156SDan McDonald# Asia/Barnaul covers: 2836f63cc156SDan McDonald# 04 RU-AL Altai Republic 2837f63cc156SDan McDonald# 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai 28386f8e8937SDan McDonald 2839f63cc156SDan McDonald# Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2840f63cc156SDan McDonald 2841f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07): 2842f63cc156SDan McDonald# Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25 2843f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm 2844f63cc156SDan McDonald# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on 2845f63cc156SDan McDonald# 1995-05-28. 2846f63cc156SDan McDonald# 2847b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html 2848f63cc156SDan McDonald# has some historical data for Altai Krai: 28494b8ee424SYuri Pankov# before 1957: west part on UT+6, east on UT+7 28504b8ee424SYuri Pankov# after 1957: UT+7 28514b8ee424SYuri Pankov# since 1995: UT+6 2852f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html 2853f63cc156SDan McDonald# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date. 2854f63cc156SDan McDonald 2855f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17): 2856f63cc156SDan McDonald# Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones 2857f63cc156SDan McDonald# by March 27, 2016 at 2am.... 2858f63cc156SDan McDonald# Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ... 2859f63cc156SDan McDonald# Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) 2860f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09): 2861f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043 2862f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038 2863f63cc156SDan McDonald 2864f63cc156SDan McDonaldZone Asia/Barnaul 5:35:00 - LMT 1919 Dec 10 2865f63cc156SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2866f63cc156SDan McDonald 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2867f63cc156SDan McDonald 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2868f63cc156SDan McDonald 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1995 May 28 2869f63cc156SDan McDonald 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2870f63cc156SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2871f63cc156SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 2872f63cc156SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 2873f63cc156SDan McDonald 2874f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2875f63cc156SDan McDonald# Asia/Novosibirsk covers: 28766f8e8937SDan McDonald# 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast 28776f8e8937SDan McDonald 2878c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30): 2879c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6 2880c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7. 2881c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04): 2882c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# The law was signed yesterday and published today on 2883c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064 2884c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 28856f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 2886c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2887c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2888c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2889c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2890c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2891c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2892c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 2016 Jul 24 2:00s 2893c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 28946f8e8937SDan McDonald 2895f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18): 2896f63cc156SDan McDonald# Asia/Tomsk covers: 2897f63cc156SDan McDonald# 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast 2898c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 2899c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24): 2900c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51. 2901f63cc156SDan McDonald 2902f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2903f63cc156SDan McDonald# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow. 2904f63cc156SDan McDonald 2905f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19): 2906f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743 2907f63cc156SDan McDonald# (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time) 2908f63cc156SDan McDonald# / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ... 2909f63cc156SDan McDonald# Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their 2910f63cc156SDan McDonald# GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally 2911f63cc156SDan McDonald# belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced 2912c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a 2913f63cc156SDan McDonald# 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014). 2914f63cc156SDan McDonald 2915c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12): 2916c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6 2917c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# This bill was approved in the first reading today. It moves Tomsk oblast 2918c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at 2919c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 2:00. The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by 2920c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President 2921c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# and published to become a law. Minor changes in the text are to be expected 2922c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the 2923c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# recent changes). 2924c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 2925c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws, 2926c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule 2927c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/ 2928c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303 2929c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the 2930c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday, 2931c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and 2932c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# published as a law around 2016-04-26. 2933c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 2934c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26): 2935c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048 2936c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 2937c2d5ab87SDan McDonaldZone Asia/Tomsk 5:39:51 - LMT 1919 Dec 22 2938c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2939c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2940c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2941c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2002 May 1 3:00 2942c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2943c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 2944c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 2016 May 29 2:00s 2945c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 2946f63cc156SDan McDonald 29476f8e8937SDan McDonald 29486f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 29496f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers... 29506f8e8937SDan McDonald# 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast 29513254abe6SNobutomo Nakano 29523254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 29533254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 29543254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# March 28, 2010: 29553254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 29563254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 29573254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# 295856b82ca8SDan McDonald# This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September 29593254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 29603254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 29613254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# 29623254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# Russian Government web site (Russian language) 29633254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 29643254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 29653254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 29663254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 29673254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# 29683254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 29693254abe6SNobutomo Nakano# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 29703254abe6SNobutomo Nakano 29716f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 29726f8e8937SDan McDonald# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus 29736f8e8937SDan McDonald# realigning itself with KRAT. 29746f8e8937SDan McDonald 297500973057SDan McDonaldZone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - LMT 1924 May 1 2976c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2977c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2978c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2979c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2980c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 Russia +06/+07 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2981c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 29826f8e8937SDan McDonald 29836f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 29846f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers... 29856f8e8937SDan McDonald# 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic 29866f8e8937SDan McDonald# 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of 29876f8e8937SDan McDonald# 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai 29886f8e8937SDan McDonald# 29896f8e8937SDan McDonald# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr 29906f8e8937SDan McDonald# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai. 29916f8e8937SDan McDonald 29926f8e8937SDan McDonald# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26. 29936f8e8937SDan McDonald 29946f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:26 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 2995c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 - +06 1930 Jun 21 2996c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2997c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 6:00 Russia +06/+07 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2998c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 Russia +07/+08 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2999c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3000c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 30016f8e8937SDan McDonald 30026f8e8937SDan McDonald 30036f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 30046f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Irkutsk covers... 30056f8e8937SDan McDonald# 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of 30066f8e8937SDan McDonald# 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast 30076f8e8937SDan McDonald# 30086f8e8937SDan McDonald# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was 30096f8e8937SDan McDonald# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast. 30106f8e8937SDan McDonald 30116f8e8937SDan McDonald# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15. 30126f8e8937SDan McDonald# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05. 30136f8e8937SDan McDonald# Go with Byalokoz. 30146f8e8937SDan McDonald 30156f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:05 - LMT 1880 30166f8e8937SDan McDonald 6:57:05 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 3017c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 - +07 1930 Jun 21 3018c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3019c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 7:00 Russia +07/+08 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3020c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 8:00 Russia +08/+09 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3021c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3022c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 30236f8e8937SDan McDonald 30246f8e8937SDan McDonald 30256f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 30266f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Chita covers... 30276f8e8937SDan McDonald# 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai 30286f8e8937SDan McDonald# 30296f8e8937SDan McDonald# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat 30306f8e8937SDan McDonald# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai. 30316f8e8937SDan McDonald 3032f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02): 3033f63cc156SDan McDonald# [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) - 3034f63cc156SDan McDonald# Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9. Effective date will 3035f63cc156SDan McDonald# be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am.... 3036f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107 3037f63cc156SDan McDonald 30386f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3039c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3040c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3041c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3042c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3043c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3044c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 2016 Mar 27 2:00 3045c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 30466f8e8937SDan McDonald 30476f8e8937SDan McDonald 30486f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 30496f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Yakutsk covers... 30506f8e8937SDan McDonald# 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast 30516f8e8937SDan McDonald# 30526f8e8937SDan McDonald# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 30536f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-02 **** Aldansky District 30546f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-04 **** Amginsky District 30556f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-05 **** Anabarsky District 30566f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-06 **** Bulunsky District 30576f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District 30586f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District 30596f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-11 **** Gorny District 30606f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-12 **** Zhigansky District 30616f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District 30626f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-14 **** Lensky District 30636f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District 30646f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-16 **** Mirninsky District 30656f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-18 **** Namsky District 30666f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District 30676f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District 30686f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District 30696f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District 30706f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-26 **** Suntarsky District 30716f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-27 **** Tattinsky District 30726f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District 30736f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-32 **** Khangalassky District 30746f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District 30756f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District 30766f8e8937SDan McDonald 30776f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 30786f8e8937SDan McDonald# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District. 30796f8e8937SDan McDonald# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too. 30806f8e8937SDan McDonald# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk. 30816f8e8937SDan McDonald 30826f8e8937SDan McDonald# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58. 30836f8e8937SDan McDonald 30846f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:58 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3085c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3086c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3087c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3088c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3089c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3090c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 30916f8e8937SDan McDonald 30926f8e8937SDan McDonald 30936f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 30946f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Vladivostok covers... 30956f8e8937SDan McDonald# 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai 30966f8e8937SDan McDonald# 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai 30976f8e8937SDan McDonald# 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast 30986f8e8937SDan McDonald# 30996f8e8937SDan McDonald# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 31006f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District 31016f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District 31026f8e8937SDan McDonald 31036f8e8937SDan McDonald# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5. 31046f8e8937SDan McDonald# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31. 31056f8e8937SDan McDonald# Go with Byalokoz. 31066f8e8937SDan McDonald 31076f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:31 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 3108c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1930 Jun 21 3109c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3110c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3111c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3112c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3113c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 - +10 31146f8e8937SDan McDonald 31156f8e8937SDan McDonald 31166f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 31176f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 31186f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-28 **** Tomponsky District 31196f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District 3120a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi 3121427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Arthur David Olson (2022-03-21): 3122427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Tomponsky and Ust-Maysky switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time 3123a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# in 2011. 31246f8e8937SDan McDonald 3125a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): 3126a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. 3127a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. 3128a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. 31296f8e8937SDan McDonald 3130a43ba736SRobert MustacchiZone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3131c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3132c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3133c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 8:00 Russia +08/+09 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3134c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 9:00 Russia +09/+10 2004 3135c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3136c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 - +11 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 3137c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 - +10 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3138c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 3139a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi 31406f8e8937SDan McDonald 31416f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 31426f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Sakhalin covers... 31436f8e8937SDan McDonald# 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast 31446f8e8937SDan McDonald# ...with the exception of: 31456f8e8937SDan McDonald# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 31466f8e8937SDan McDonald 3147f63cc156SDan McDonald# From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22): 3148f63cc156SDan McDonald# Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... 3149f63cc156SDan McDonald# (2016-03-09): 3150f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044 3151f63cc156SDan McDonald 31526f8e8937SDan McDonald# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 31537c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 3154c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 25 3155c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T 3156c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3157c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 3158c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 Russia +10/+11 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3159c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3160c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 - +10 2016 Mar 27 2:00s 3161c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 - +11 31626f8e8937SDan McDonald 31636f8e8937SDan McDonald 31646f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 31656f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Magadan covers... 31666f8e8937SDan McDonald# 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast 31676f8e8937SDan McDonald 31686f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 31696f8e8937SDan McDonald# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however, 31706f8e8937SDan McDonald# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of 31716f8e8937SDan McDonald# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented 31726f8e8937SDan McDonald# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will 31736f8e8937SDan McDonald# need their own zone. 31746f8e8937SDan McDonald 3175c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27): 3176c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ... 3177c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock 3178c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 3179c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05): 3180c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# ... signed by the President today ... 3181c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038 3182f63cc156SDan McDonald 31837c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 3184c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 3185c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3186c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3187c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3188c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3189c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 - +10 2016 Apr 24 2:00s 3190c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 - +11 31916f8e8937SDan McDonald 31926f8e8937SDan McDonald 31936f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 31946f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 31956f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-01 **** Abyysky District 31966f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District 31976f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District 31986f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-17 **** Momsky District 31996f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District 32006f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District 32016f8e8937SDan McDonald# 32026f8e8937SDan McDonald# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast: 32036f8e8937SDan McDonald# 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands) 32046f8e8937SDan McDonald 32056f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02): 32066f8e8937SDan McDonald# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with 32076f8e8937SDan McDonald# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on 32086f8e8937SDan McDonald# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District 32096f8e8937SDan McDonald# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by 32106f8e8937SDan McDonald# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11. 32116f8e8937SDan McDonald 32126f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06): 32136f8e8937SDan McDonald# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27. 32146f8e8937SDan McDonald# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone 32156f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary. 32166f8e8937SDan McDonald# 32176f8e8937SDan McDonald# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these 32186f8e8937SDan McDonald# districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently 32196f8e8937SDan McDonald# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females 32206f8e8937SDan McDonald# each! (Yikes!) 3221b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276 3222b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493 32236f8e8937SDan McDonald# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one. 32246f8e8937SDan McDonald# 32256f8e8937SDan McDonald# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have 32266f8e8937SDan McDonald# fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the 32276f8e8937SDan McDonald# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most 32286f8e8937SDan McDonald# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of 32296f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf 32306f8e8937SDan McDonald# in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older 32316f8e8937SDan McDonald# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining. 32326f8e8937SDan McDonald# Go with Srednekolymsk. 32336f8e8937SDan McDonald 32346f8e8937SDan McDonaldZone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 3235c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 - +10 1930 Jun 21 3236c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3237c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3238c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3239c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 12:00 - +12 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3240c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 - +11 32416f8e8937SDan McDonald 32426f8e8937SDan McDonald 32436f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 32446f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic: 32456f8e8937SDan McDonald# 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District 3246a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi 3247427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Arthur David Olson (2022-03-21): 3248427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Oymyakonsky and the Kuril Islands switched from 3249a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. 32506f8e8937SDan McDonald# 32516f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02): 32526f8e8937SDan McDonald# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch, 32536f8e8937SDan McDonald# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of 32546f8e8937SDan McDonald# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on 32556f8e8937SDan McDonald# UTC+12 since at least then, too. 32566f8e8937SDan McDonald 3257a43ba736SRobert MustacchiZone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 3258c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 8:00 - +08 1930 Jun 21 3259c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 9:00 Russia +09/+10 1981 Apr 1 3260c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3261c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 Russia +10/+11 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3262c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3263c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 12:00 - +12 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 3264c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 - +11 2014 Oct 26 2:00s 3265c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 10:00 - +10 3266a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi 32676f8e8937SDan McDonald 32686f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): 32696f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Kamchatka covers... 32706f8e8937SDan McDonald# 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai 32717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 32726f8e8937SDan McDonald# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak 32736f8e8937SDan McDonald# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai. 32746f8e8937SDan McDonald 32756f8e8937SDan McDonald# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps 32766f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long. 32777c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 3278c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 - +11 1930 Jun 21 3279c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3280c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3281c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3282c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3283c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 12:00 - +12 32846f8e8937SDan McDonald 32856f8e8937SDan McDonald 32866f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03): 32876f8e8937SDan McDonald# Asia/Anadyr covers... 32886f8e8937SDan McDonald# 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug 32896f8e8937SDan McDonald 32907c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 3291c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 12:00 - +12 1930 Jun 21 3292c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 13:00 Russia +13/+14 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 3293c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 12:00 Russia +12/+13 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 3294c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 Russia +11/+12 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 3295c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 12:00 Russia +12/+13 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 3296c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 11:00 Russia +11/+12 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 3297c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 12:00 - +12 32987c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 3299f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Bosnia & Herzegovina 3300f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Croatia 3301f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Kosovo 3302f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Montenegro 3303f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# North Macedonia 33042f9aa4a7Srobbin# Serbia 3305f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Slovenia 3306374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 33077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 33087c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 330956725381Srobbin 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 33106f8e8937SDan McDonald 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 33117c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 33126f8e8937SDan McDonald# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of 33137c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 33146f8e8937SDan McDonald# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj. 33157c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 33167c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 EU CE%sT 33177c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 33187c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Spain 3319dafc4501SDan McDonald# 3320dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14): 3321dafc4501SDan McDonald# 3322dafc4501SDan McDonald# The source for Europe/Madrid before 2013 is: 3323dafc4501SDan McDonald# Planesas P. La hora oficial en España y sus cambios. 3324dafc4501SDan McDonald# Anuario del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid (2013, in Spanish). 3325dafc4501SDan McDonald# http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf 3326dafc4501SDan McDonald# As this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure, 3327dafc4501SDan McDonald# and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks for now for that data. 3328dafc4501SDan McDonald# 3329dafc4501SDan McDonald# In the 1918 and 1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock for 3330dafc4501SDan McDonald# the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that 3331dafc4501SDan McDonald# the repeated instances of that day's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart, 3332dafc4501SDan McDonald# with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of 00:59... to 3333dafc4501SDan McDonald# the next day's 00:00. Our data format cannot represent this 3334dafc4501SDan McDonald# directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a 3335dafc4501SDan McDonald# fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00. 3336dafc4501SDan McDonald 3337dafc4501SDan McDonald# From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15): 3338f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# The Royal Decree of 1900-07-26 quoted by Planesas, online at 3339dafc4501SDan McDonald# https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf 3340dafc4501SDan McDonald# says in its article 5 (my translation): 3341dafc4501SDan McDonald# These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the 3342dafc4501SDan McDonald# instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1, 3343dafc4501SDan McDonald# the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin. 3344dafc4501SDan McDonald 3345f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3346dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S 3347dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1918 1919 - Oct 6 24:00s 0 - 3348dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1919 only - Apr 6 23:00 1:00 S 3349dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00 1:00 S 3350dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 24:00s 0 - 3351dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 3352dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 - 3353dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 3354dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1928 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 3355dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 3356dafc4501SDan McDonald# Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28. 3357dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1937 only - Jun 16 23:00 1:00 S 3358dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1937 only - Oct 2 24:00s 0 - 3359dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1938 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 3360dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1938 only - Apr 30 23:00 2:00 M 3361dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1938 only - Oct 2 24:00 1:00 S 3362dafc4501SDan McDonald# The following rules are for unified Spain again. 3363dafc4501SDan McDonald# 3364dafc4501SDan McDonald# Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on 3365dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on 3366dafc4501SDan McDonald# 1939-04-15. For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not 3367dafc4501SDan McDonald# change during that period. 3368dafc4501SDan McDonald# 3369dafc4501SDan McDonald# The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant for Republican Spain. 3370dafc4501SDan McDonald#Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00 1:00 S 3371dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1939 only - Oct 7 24:00s 0 - 3372dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1942 only - May 2 23:00 1:00 S 3373dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 1:00 0 - 3374dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 3375dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1943 1944 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 3376dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1945 1946 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 33777c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 3378dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1949 only - Oct 2 1:00 0 - 3379dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=12 23:00 1:00 S 33807c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 33817c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 33827c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 3383dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1977 only - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 3384dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1978 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 3385dafc4501SDan McDonaldRule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 3386dafc4501SDan McDonald# Nationalist Spain during the civil war 3387dafc4501SDan McDonald#Rule NatSpain 1937 only - May 22 23:00 1:00 S 3388dafc4501SDan McDonald#Rule NatSpain 1937 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 24:00s 0 - 3389dafc4501SDan McDonald#Rule NatSpain 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00 1:00 S 339005e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978, 339105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# except with "S" letters. 33927c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 33937c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 33947c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 33957c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 33967c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 33977c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 33987c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 33997c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 34007c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 3401374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3402427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanZone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00u 3403dafc4501SDan McDonald 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1940 Mar 16 23:00 34047c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 34057c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 EU CE%sT 3406f117aa50SRobert MustacchiZone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00u 34077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 34087c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 34097c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 - WET 1924 34107c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 341105e627dcSAndy Fiddaman 0:00 - WET 1967 # Help zishrink.awk. 34126f8e8937SDan McDonald 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 34137c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 - CET 1986 34147c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 EU CE%sT 34157c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 3416dafc4501SDan McDonald -1:00 - -01 1946 Sep 30 1:00 34176f8e8937SDan McDonald 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 341856b82ca8SDan McDonald 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 1:00u 34197c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 0:00 EU WE%sT 34207c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 34217c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 34227c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 34237c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 3424f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Germany (Busingen enclave) 3425f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# Liechtenstein 34267c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Switzerland 3427f117aa50SRobert Mustacchi# 34287c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Howse: 34297c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 34307c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 34316f8e8937SDan McDonald# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 .... 3432f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 3433a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): 343410355008SNobutomo Nakano# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 343510355008SNobutomo Nakano# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 34362f9aa4a7Srobbin# From Shanks & Pottenger: 343710355008SNobutomo Nakano# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 343810355008SNobutomo Nakano# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 343910355008SNobutomo Nakano 344010355008SNobutomo Nakano# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 344110355008SNobutomo Nakano# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 344210355008SNobutomo Nakano# 344310355008SNobutomo Nakano# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 344410355008SNobutomo Nakano# to be wrong. This is now verified. 344510355008SNobutomo Nakano# 344610355008SNobutomo Nakano# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 34476f8e8937SDan McDonald# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 344810355008SNobutomo Nakano# federal law collection)... 344910355008SNobutomo Nakano# 345010355008SNobutomo Nakano# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 345110355008SNobutomo Nakano# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 345210355008SNobutomo Nakano# 345310355008SNobutomo Nakano# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 345410355008SNobutomo Nakano# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 345510355008SNobutomo Nakano# 345610355008SNobutomo Nakano# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 345710355008SNobutomo Nakano# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 345810355008SNobutomo Nakano# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 345910355008SNobutomo Nakano# other years are made. 346010355008SNobutomo Nakano# 346110355008SNobutomo Nakano# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 346210355008SNobutomo Nakano# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 346310355008SNobutomo Nakano# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 346410355008SNobutomo Nakano# a thing had happened in Switzerland. 346510355008SNobutomo Nakano# 34666f8e8937SDan McDonald# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de 346710355008SNobutomo Nakano# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 346810355008SNobutomo Nakano# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 346910355008SNobutomo Nakano# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 347010355008SNobutomo Nakano# 347110355008SNobutomo Nakano# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 347210355008SNobutomo Nakano# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 347310355008SNobutomo Nakano# Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 347410355008SNobutomo Nakano# 347510355008SNobutomo Nakano# The 1940 rules must be deleted. 347610355008SNobutomo Nakano# 347710355008SNobutomo Nakano# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 3478a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... 347910355008SNobutomo Nakano# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 34806f8e8937SDan McDonald# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not 348110355008SNobutomo Nakano# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 348210355008SNobutomo Nakano# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 3483a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 3484a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): 3485a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# The Federal regulations say 3486b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html 34873508b934SYuri Pankov# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7° 26' 22.50". 3488a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. 3489a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi 3490a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): 34916f8e8937SDan McDonald# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893) 34926f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353 3493a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight 3494a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one 3495a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# hour before the beginning of service. 3496a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi 3497a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): 3498a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. 3499a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 3500a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland 3501a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: 3502a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 35036f8e8937SDan McDonald# Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und 3504a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, 3505a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. 3506a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 3507a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not 3508a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the 3509a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the 35106f8e8937SDan McDonald# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on 3511a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 3512a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in 3513a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph 3514a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" 3515a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on 3516a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and 3517a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. 351810355008SNobutomo Nakano 3519427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): 3520427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton 3521427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE 3522427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. 3523427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, 3524427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. 3525427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 3526427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980: 3527427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 3528427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# 3529427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): 3530427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. 3531427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 3532f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 353310355008SNobutomo NakanoRule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 353410355008SNobutomo NakanoRule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 3535374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3536a43ba736SRobert MustacchiZone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 35376f8e8937SDan McDonald 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 35387c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 35397c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 EU CE%sT 35407c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 35417c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Turkey 3542a68d064cSrobbin 3543374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Alois Treindl (2019-08-12): 3544374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.astrolojidergisi.com/yazsaati.htm has researched the time zone 3545374df668SAndy Fiddaman# history of Turkey, based on newspaper archives and official documents. 3546374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): 3547374df668SAndy Fiddaman# That source (Oya Vulaş, "Türkiye'de Yaz Saati Uygulamaları") 3548374df668SAndy Fiddaman# is used for 1940/1972, where it seems more reliable than our other 3549374df668SAndy Fiddaman# sources. 3550374df668SAndy Fiddaman 3551374df668SAndy Fiddaman# From Kıvanç Yazan (2019-08-12): 3552374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14539.pdf#page=24 3553374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1973-06-03 01:00 -> 02:00, 1973-11-04 02:00 -> 01:00 3554374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3555374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14829.pdf#page=1 3556374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1974-03-31 02:00 -> 03:00, 1974-11-03 02:00 -> 01:00 3557374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3558374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15161.pdf#page=1 3559374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1975-03-22 02:00 -> 03:00, 1975-11-02 02:00 -> 01:00 3560374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3561374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15535_1.pdf#page=1 3562374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1976-03-21 02:00 -> 03:00, 1976-10-31 02:00 -> 01:00 3563374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3564374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15778.pdf#page=5 3565374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1977-04-03 02:00 -> 03:00, 1977-10-16 02:00 -> 01:00, 3566374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below) 3567374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below) 3568374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1979-04-01 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below) 3569374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1979-10-14 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below) 3570374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3571374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16245.pdf#page=17 3572374df668SAndy Fiddaman# This cancels the previous decision, and repeats it only for 1978. 3573374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00, 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00 3574374df668SAndy Fiddaman# (not applied due to standard TZ change below) 3575374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3576374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16331.pdf#page=3 3577374df668SAndy Fiddaman# This decision changes the default longitude for Turkish time zone from 30 3578374df668SAndy Fiddaman# degrees East to 45 degrees East. This means a standard TZ change, from +2 3579374df668SAndy Fiddaman# to +3. This is published & applied on 1978-06-29. At that time, Turkey was 3580374df668SAndy Fiddaman# already on summer time (already on 45E). Hence, this new law just meant an 3581374df668SAndy Fiddaman# "continuous summer time". Note that this was reversed in a few years. 3582374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3583374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18119_1.pdf#page=1 3584374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1983-07-31 02:00 -> 03:00 (note that this jumps TZ to +4) 3585374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1983-10-02 02:00 -> 01:00 (back to +3) 3586374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3587374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18561.pdf (page 1 and 34) 3588374df668SAndy Fiddaman# At this time, Turkey is still on +3 with no spring-forward on early 3589374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1984. This decision is published on 10/31/1984. Page 1 declares 3590374df668SAndy Fiddaman# the decision of reverting the "default longitude change". So the 3591374df668SAndy Fiddaman# standard time should go back to +3 (30E). And page 34 explains when 3592374df668SAndy Fiddaman# that will happen: 1984-11-01 02:00 -> 01:00. You can think of this 3593374df668SAndy Fiddaman# as "end of continuous summer time, change of standard time zone". 3594374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 3595374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18713.pdf#page=1 3596374df668SAndy Fiddaman# 1985-04-20 01:00 -> 02:00, 1985-09-28 02:00 -> 01:00 3597374df668SAndy Fiddaman 3598c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25): 3599c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with 3600c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# no exceptions. 3601c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ... 3602c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# Here are official papers: 3603374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf#page=2 for 1986 3604374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf#page=4 for 1987 3605374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf#page=15 for 1988 3606374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf#page=6 for 1989 3607374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf#page=1 for 1990 - 1992 3608374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf#page=15 for 1993 - 1995 3609374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf#page=1 for overriding 1994 3610374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf#page=1 for 1996, 1997 3611374df668SAndy Fiddaman# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf#page=10 for 1998 - 2000 3612c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2 - for 2001 3613c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2 - for 2002-2006 3614c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25): 361505e627dcSAndy Fiddaman# Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for timestamps after 1985. 3616a68d064cSrobbin 3617a68d064cSrobbin# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 3618a68d064cSrobbin# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 3619a68d064cSrobbin# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 3620a68d064cSrobbin# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 3621a68d064cSrobbin# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 3622a68d064cSrobbin# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 3623a68d064cSrobbin# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 3624a68d064cSrobbin# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 3625a68d064cSrobbin# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 3626a68d064cSrobbin 36276f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): 3628abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 3629abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 3630abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 3631b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 3632abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# Turkish: 3633b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464 36346f8e8937SDan McDonald 36356f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): 36366f8e8937SDan McDonald# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the 36376f8e8937SDan McDonald# Turkish Local election.... 36386f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik 36396f8e8937SDan McDonald# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. 36406f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15): 36416f8e8937SDan McDonald# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31, 36426f8e8937SDan McDonald# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST 36436f8e8937SDan McDonald# change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time. 36446f8e8937SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15): 36456f8e8937SDan McDonald# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule 36466f8e8937SDan McDonald# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See: 36476f8e8937SDan McDonald# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency 36486f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30. 36496f8e8937SDan McDonald# I guess the best we can do is document the official time. 3650376a7c81SRobbin Kawabata 365156b82ca8SDan McDonald# From Fatih (2015-09-29): 365256b82ca8SDan McDonald# It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy. 365356b82ca8SDan McDonald# Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00 365456b82ca8SDan McDonald# http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217 3655f63cc156SDan McDonald# 3656f63cc156SDan McDonald# From BBC News (2015-10-25): 3657f63cc156SDan McDonald# Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a 3658f63cc156SDan McDonald# government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan 3659f63cc156SDan McDonald# Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan. 3660f63cc156SDan McDonald# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326 366156b82ca8SDan McDonald 3662c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08): 3663c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter.... 3664c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf 3665c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# 3666c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07): 3667c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey. 3668c2d5ab87SDan McDonald# It takes effect today, which is not much notice. 3669c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 36704b8ee424SYuri Pankov# From Kıvanç Yazan (2017-10-28): 36714b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Turkey will go back to Daylight Saving Time starting 2018-10. 36724b8ee424SYuri Pankov# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/10/20171028-5.pdf 36734b8ee424SYuri Pankov# 36744b8ee424SYuri Pankov# From Even Scharning (2017-11-08): 36754b8ee424SYuri Pankov# ... today it was announced that the DST will become "continuous": 36764b8ee424SYuri Pankov# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/son-dakika-yaz-saati-uygulamasi-surekli-hale-geldi-40637482 36774b8ee424SYuri Pankov# From Paul Eggert (2017-11-08): 36784b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Although Google Translate misfires on that source, it looks like 36794b8ee424SYuri Pankov# Turkey reversed last month's decision, and so will stay at +03. 36804b8ee424SYuri Pankov 3681f915e6d3SRobert Mustacchi# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 36827c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 36837c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 36847c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 36857c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 36867c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 36877c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 36887c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 36897c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 36902f9aa4a7Srobbin# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 36912f9aa4a7Srobbin# go with Shanks & Pottenger. 36927c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 36937c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 36947c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 3695374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1940 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 3696374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 36977c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 36987c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 36997c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 37007c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 37017c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 37027c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 37037c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 3704374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1947 1951 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 37057c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 3706374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 37077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 3708374df668SAndy Fiddaman# DST for 15 months; unusual but we'll let it pass. 37097c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 3710374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1963 only - Oct 30 0:00 0 - 37117c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 37127c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 37137c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 3714374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1973 1976 - Oct Sun>=31 2:00 0 - 37157c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateRule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 3716374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 22 2:00 1:00 S 3717374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1976 only - Mar 21 2:00 1:00 S 3718374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 3719374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1977 1978 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 3720374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1978 only - Jun 29 0:00 0 - 3721374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 2:00 1:00 S 3722374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 - 3723374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 1:00s 1:00 S 3724374df668SAndy FiddamanRule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 1:00s 0 - 3725c2d5ab87SDan McDonaldRule Turkey 1986 1993 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3726c2d5ab87SDan McDonaldRule Turkey 1986 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3727c2d5ab87SDan McDonaldRule Turkey 1994 only - Mar 20 1:00s 1:00 S 3728c2d5ab87SDan McDonaldRule Turkey 1995 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 3729a68d064cSrobbinRule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 3730374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 37317c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gateZone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 37327c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 3733374df668SAndy Fiddaman 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Jun 29 3734374df668SAndy Fiddaman 3:00 Turkey +03/+04 1984 Nov 1 2:00 3735a68d064cSrobbin 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 37366f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 37376f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 37386f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 37396f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 374056b82ca8SDan McDonald 2:00 EU EE%sT 2015 Oct 25 1:00u 374156b82ca8SDan McDonald 2:00 1:00 EEST 2015 Nov 8 1:00u 3742c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 2:00 EU EE%sT 2016 Sep 7 3743c2d5ab87SDan McDonald 3:00 - +03 37447c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 37457c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Ukraine 37467c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 3747427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Alois Treindl (2014-03-01): 37482de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# REGULATION A N O V A on March 20, 1992 N 139 ... means that from 37492de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# 1992 on, Ukraine had DST with begin time at 02:00 am, on last Sunday 37502de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# in March, and end time 03:00 am, last Sunday in September.... 37512de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# CABINET OF MINISTERS OF UKRAINE RESOLUTION on May 13, 1996 N 509 37522de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# "On the order of computation time on the territory of Ukraine" .... 37532de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# As this cabinet decision is from May 1996, it seems likely that the 37542de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# transition in March 1996, which predates it, was still at 2:00 am 37552de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# and not at 3:00 as would have been under EU rules. 37562de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# This is why I have set the change to EU rules into May 1996, 37572de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# so that the change in March is stil covered by the Ukraine rule. 3758b4eb54e1SRobert Mustacchi# The next change in October 1996 happened under EU rules. 37592de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# 3760fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# From Paul Eggert (2022-08-27): 3761fff4a956SAndy Fiddaman# For now, assume that Ukraine's zones all followed the same rules, 37622de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman# except that Crimea switched to Moscow time in 1994 as described elsewhere. 37632de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman 3764a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, 37657c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 3766a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government 376756b82ca8SDan McDonald# regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 37687c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 37697c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 37707c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 37717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 3772abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 3773abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 3774abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 3775abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# 377656b82ca8SDan McDonald# Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 3777abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# approval from 266 deputies. 3778abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# 37796f8e8937SDan McDonald# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian) 3780abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 3781abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# 3782abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 3783abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 3784abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# 3785abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 3786b654b02dSYuri Pankov# https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 3787abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# 3788abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 3789abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 3790abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 3791abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# time this year after all. 3792abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# 3793abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 3794a43ba736SRobert Mustacchi# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone 3795abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 3796abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# to Russia) was reverted today: 3797abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 3798abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# 3799abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 3800abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# The law documents themselves are at 3801abaa65c8SYuri Pankov# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 3802abaa65c8SYuri Pankov 3803427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kyiv time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): 38046f8e8937SDan McDonald# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: 38056f8e8937SDan McDonald# 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST 38066f8e8937SDan McDonald# 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 38076f8e8937SDan McDonald# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. 38086f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html 38096f8e8937SDan McDonald# 38106f8e8937SDan McDonald# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, 38116f8e8937SDan McDonald# "summer time" was still in action): 38126f8e8937SDan McDonald# 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 38136f8e8937SDan McDonald# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. 38146f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html 38156f8e8937SDan McDonald# 38166f8e8937SDan McDonald# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): 38176f8e8937SDan McDonald# 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 38186f8e8937SDan McDonald# 38196f8e8937SDan McDonald# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): 38206f8e8937SDan McDonald# 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST 38216f8e8937SDan McDonald# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. 38226f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm 38236f8e8937SDan McDonald# This is an answer. 38246f8e8937SDan McDonald# 38256f8e8937SDan McDonald# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: 38266f8e8937SDan McDonald# 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started 38276f8e8937SDan McDonald# 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended 38286f8e8937SDan McDonald# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. 38296f8e8937SDan McDonald# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm 3830abaa65c8SYuri Pankov 3831374df668SAndy Fiddaman# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 3832427b4c5cSAndy FiddamanZone Europe/Kyiv 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 3833427b4c5cSAndy Fiddaman 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kyiv Mean Time 38347c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 38357c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 38367c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 38376f8e8937SDan McDonald 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 38386f8e8937SDan McDonald 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 38392de2fd87SAndy Fiddaman 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1996 May 13 38407c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 2:00 EU EE%sT 38417c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 38427c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate############################################################################### 38437c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 38447c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 38457c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 38467c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 38477c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 38487c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 38497c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 38507c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 38517c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 38527c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 38537c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 38547c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 38557c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ... 38567c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 385780868c53Srobbin# From: Tom Hofmann 38587c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ... 38597c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 38607c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 38616f8e8937SDan McDonald# most European countries started DST. Before that year, only 38627c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 38637c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 38647c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 38657c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# years... 38667c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 38677c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 38687c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 38696f8e8937SDan McDonald# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now. 38707c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 38717c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 38727c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Soviet Union (as far as I know). 38737c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 38747c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 38757c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 4002 Basle, Switzerland 387680868c53Srobbin# ... 38777c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 38787c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ... 38797c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 388080868c53Srobbin# From: Dik T. Winter 38817c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ... 38827c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 38837c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 38847c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 38857c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 38867c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 38877c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 38887c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 38897c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 38907c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 38917c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 38927c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 38937c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# dates... 38947c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 38957c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 38967c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 38977c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 38987c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 38997c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 39007c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 39017c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 39027c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# in advance of normal time. 39037c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# 39047c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ... 39057c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 390680868c53Srobbin# ... 39077c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate 39087c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 39097c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ... 39107c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 39117c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Since 1978. Change at midnight. 39127c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ... 39137c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# Monaco: has same DST as France. 39147c478bd9Sstevel@tonic-gate# ... 3915