1# tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific 2 3# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 4# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 5 6# This file also includes Pacific islands. 7 8# Notes are at the end of this file 9 10############################################################################### 11 12# Australia 13 14# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 15 16# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 17Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D 18Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00s 1:00 D 20Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 21Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00s 1:00 D 22Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 23Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00s 1:00 D 24 25# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 26# Northern Territory 27Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 28 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 29 9:30 Aus AC%sT 30# Western Australia 31# 32# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 33Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 34Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 35Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 36Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 37Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 38Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 39Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 40Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 41Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 42Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 43 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 44 8:00 AW AW%sT 45Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 46 8:45 Aus +0845/+0945 1943 Jul 47 8:45 AW +0845/+0945 48 49# Queensland 50# 51# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 52# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 53# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 54# Queensland ceased to. 55# 56# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 57# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 58# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 59# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 60# so use Lindeman. 61# 62# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 63# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 64# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 65# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 66# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 67# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 68# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 69# 70# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 71Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 72Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 73Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 74Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 75Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 76Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 77Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 78 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 79 10:00 AQ AE%sT 80Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 81 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 82 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 83 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 84 85# South Australia 86# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 87Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 88Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 89Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 90Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 91Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 92Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 93Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 94Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 95Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 96Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 97Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 98Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 99Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 100Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 101Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 102# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 103Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 104 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 105 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 106 9:30 AS AC%sT 107 108# Tasmania 109# 110# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 111# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 112# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 113# 114# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 115Rule AT 1916 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 116Rule AT 1917 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 117Rule AT 1917 1918 - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 118Rule AT 1918 1919 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 119Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 120Rule AT 1968 only - Mar Sun>=29 2:00s 0 S 121Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 122Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 123Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 124Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 125Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 126Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 127Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 128Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 129Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 130Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 131Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 132Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 133Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 134Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 135Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 136Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 137Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 138# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 139Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 140 10:00 AT AE%sT 1919 Oct 24 141 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 142 10:00 AT AE%sT 143 144# Victoria 145# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 146Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 147Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 148Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 149Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 150Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 151Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 152Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 153Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 154Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 155Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 156Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 157Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 158Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 159Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 160# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 161Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 162 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 163 10:00 AV AE%sT 164 165# New South Wales 166# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 167Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 168Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 169Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 170Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 171Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 172Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 173Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 174Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 175Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 176Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 177Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 179Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 180Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 181Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 182Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 183# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 184Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 185 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 186 10:00 AN AE%sT 187Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 189 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 190 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 191 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 192 9:30 AS AC%sT 193 194# Lord Howe Island 195# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 196Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 197Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 198Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 199Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 200Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 201Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 202Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 203Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 204Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 205Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 206Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 207Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 208Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 209Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 210Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 211 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 212 10:30 LH +1030/+1130 1985 Jul 213 10:30 LH +1030/+11 214 215# Australian miscellany 216# 217# Ashmore Is, Cartier 218# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 219# no times are set 220# 221# Coral Sea Is 222# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 223# no times are set 224# 225# Macquarie 226# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 227# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 228# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 229# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 230# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 231# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 232# 233# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 234# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 235# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 236# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 237# on 4 April. 238# 239# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 240# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 241# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 242# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 243# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 244Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 245 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 246 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 247 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 248 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 249 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 250 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 251 10:00 1:00 AEDT 2011 252 10:00 AT AE%sT 253 254# Christmas 255# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 256Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 257 7:00 - +07 258 259# Cocos (Keeling) Is 260# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 261# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 262# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 263Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 264 6:30 - +0630 265 266 267# Fiji 268 269# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 270 271# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 272# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 273# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 274# 275# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 276# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 277# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 278 279# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 280# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 281# amendments: 282# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 283 284# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 285# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 286# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 287# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 288# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 289# 290# Official source: 291# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 292# 293# A bit more background info here: 294# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 295 296# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 297# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 298# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 299# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 300# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 301# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 302# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 303 304# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 305# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 306# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 307# 308# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 309# which says 310# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 311# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 312# 2am on February 26 next year. 313 314# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 315# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 316# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 317# 318# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 319# states: 320# 321# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 322# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 323# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 324# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 325 326# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 327# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 328# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 329# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 330# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 331 332# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 333# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 334# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 335# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 336 337# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 338# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 339# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 340 341# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 342# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 343# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 344 345# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 346# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 347# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 348# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 349# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 350# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 351 352# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 353# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 354# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 355# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 356# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 357 358# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21): 359# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing 360# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27), 361# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate. 362 363# From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13): 364# http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/ 365# ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019. 366 367# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-06): 368# Today Raymond Kumar reported the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 27 369# (2019-08-02) said that Fiji observes DST "commencing at 2.00 am on 370# Sunday, 10 November 2019 and ending at 3.00 am on Sunday, 12 January 2020." 371# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the second Sunday in November to 03:00 372# the first Sunday on or after January 12. January transitions reportedly 373# depend on when school terms start. Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches 374# transitions planned this year and seems more likely to match future practice 375# than guessing no DST. 376# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06): 377# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/downloadfile/848 378 379# From Raymond Kumar (2020-10-08): 380# [DST in Fiji] is from December 20th 2020, till 17th January 2021. 381# From Alan Mintz (2020-10-08): 382# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/GetFile/1071 383# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-08): 384# https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Daylight-saving-from-Dec-20th-this-year-to-Jan-17th-2021-8rf4x5/ 385# "Minister for Employment, Parveen Bala says they had never thought of 386# stopping daylight saving. He says it was just to decide on when it should 387# start and end. Bala says it is a short period..." 388# Since the end date is still in line with our ongoing predictions, assume for 389# now that the later-than-usual start date is a one-time departure from the 390# recent second Sunday in November pattern. 391 392# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 393Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 394Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 395Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 - 396Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 397Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 - 398Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 399Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 400Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 401Rule Fiji 2014 2018 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 402Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=12 3:00 0 - 403Rule Fiji 2019 only - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - 404Rule Fiji 2020 only - Dec 20 2:00 1:00 - 405Rule Fiji 2021 max - Nov Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 - 406# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 407Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 408 12:00 Fiji +12/+13 409 410# French Polynesia 411# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 412Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 413 -9:00 - -09 414Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 415 -9:30 - -0930 416Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 417 -10:00 - -10 418# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 419# it is uninhabited. 420 421# Guam 422 423# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 424# http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf 425# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf 426Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D 427# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf 428Rule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S 429# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 430Rule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D 431# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 432Rule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S 433# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 434Rule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D 435Rule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S 436# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 437# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf 438# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 439Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 440Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 441# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf 442Rule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D 443# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf 444Rule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S 445# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 446Rule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D 447# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf 448Rule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S 449# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf 450Rule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D 451# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf 452Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S 453 454# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 455Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 456 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 457 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam 458 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 31 459 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23 460 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 461Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 462 463# Kiribati 464# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 465Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 466 12:00 - +12 467Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 468 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct 469 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31 470 13:00 - +13 471Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 472 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct 473 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31 474 14:00 - +14 475 476# N Mariana Is 477# See Pacific/Guam. 478 479# Marshall Is 480# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 481Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 482 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 483 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 484 11:00 - +11 1937 485 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 486 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30 487 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 488 12:00 - +12 489Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 490 11:00 - +11 1937 491 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 492 9:00 - +09 1944 Feb 6 493 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 494 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 24:00 495 12:00 - +12 496 497# Micronesia 498# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 499Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 500 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 501 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct 502 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 503 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 504 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 505 10:00 - +10 506Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia 507 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 508 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 509 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 510 11:00 - +11 1937 511 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 512 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 513 11:00 - +11 514Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 515 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 516 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct 517 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1 518 11:00 - +11 1937 519 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1 520 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 521 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct 522 12:00 - +12 1999 523 11:00 - +11 524 525# Nauru 526# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 527Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 528 11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29 529 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8 530 11:30 - +1130 1979 Feb 10 2:00 531 12:00 - +12 532 533# New Caledonia 534# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 535Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 - 536Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 537Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 - 538# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 539Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 540# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 541Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 542 11:00 NC +11/+12 543 544 545############################################################################### 546 547# New Zealand 548 549# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 550Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 551Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 552Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 553Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 554Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 555Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 556Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 557# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a 558# there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this 559# transition. Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change 560# time to percolate out. 561Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 562Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 563Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 564Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 - 565Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 566Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 567Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 568Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 569Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 570Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 - 571Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 572Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 - 573Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 574Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 - 575Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 576Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 - 577Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 578Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 - 579# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 580Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 581 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 582 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 583Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 584 12:15 - +1215 1946 Jan 1 585 12:45 Chatham +1245/+1345 586 587Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 588 589# Auckland Is 590# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 591# and scientific personnel have wintered 592 593# Campbell I 594# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 595# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 596# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 597# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 598 599# Cook Is 600# From Shanks & Pottenger: 601# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 602Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 - 603Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 604Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 - 605# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 606Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 607 -10:30 - -1030 1978 Nov 12 608 -10:00 Cook -10/-0930 609 610############################################################################### 611 612 613# Niue 614# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 615Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 616 -11:20 - -1120 1951 617 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1 618 -11:00 - -11 619 620# Norfolk 621# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 622Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 623 11:12 - +1112 1951 624 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00s 625 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00s 626 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00s 627 11:00 - +11 2019 Jul 628 11:00 AN +11/+12 629 630# Palau (Belau) 631# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 632Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror 633 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 634 9:00 - +09 635 636# Papua New Guinea 637# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 638Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 639 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 640 10:00 - +10 641# 642# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 643# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 644# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 645# 646# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 647# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 648# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 649# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 650# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 651# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 652# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 653# 654# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 655# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time". 656# See: 657# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 658# 659Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 660 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 661 10:00 - +10 1942 Jul 662 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug 21 663 10:00 - +10 2014 Dec 28 2:00 664 11:00 - +11 665 666# Pitcairn 667# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 668Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 669 -8:30 - -0830 1998 Apr 27 0:00 670 -8:00 - -08 671 672# American Samoa 673Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 674 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 675 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 676Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 677 678# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 679 680# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 681# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 682# the following info: 683# 684# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 685# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 686# Sunday of April 2011." 687# 688# Background info: 689# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 690# 691# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 692# contain any dates: 693# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 694 695# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 696# Please see 697# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 698# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 699# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 700# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 701# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 702 703# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 704# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 705# 706# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 707# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 708# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 709# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 710 711# From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 712# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 713# 714# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 715 716# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 717# The International Date Line Act 2011 718# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 719# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 720# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 721# accordingly. 722 723# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 724# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 725# 726# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 727# 728# DST 729# Year End Time Start Time 730# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 731# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 732# 733# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 734# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 735# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 736# 737# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 738# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 739# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 740# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 741# 742# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 743# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 744# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 745# 746# From Geoffrey D. Bennett (2021-09-20): 747# https://www.mcil.gov.ws/storage/2021/09/MCIL-Scan_20210920_120553.pdf 748# DST has been cancelled for this year. 749 750# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 751Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 - 752Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 - 753Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 - 754Rule WS 2012 2021 - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 755Rule WS 2012 2020 - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 - 756# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 757Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1892 Jul 5 758 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 759 -11:30 - -1130 1950 760 -11:00 WS -11/-10 2011 Dec 29 24:00 761 13:00 WS +13/+14 762 763# Solomon Is 764# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 765# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 766Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 767 11:00 - +11 768 769# Tokelau 770# 771# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 772# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 773# December 31 this year ... 774# 775# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 776# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 777# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 778# Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 779# actually was to UT-11 back then. 780# 781# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 782# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 783# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 784# <https://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 785# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 786# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 787 788# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 789Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 790 -11:00 - -11 2011 Dec 30 791 13:00 - +13 792 793# Tonga 794# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 795Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 - 796Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 797Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 798Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 799Rule Tonga 2016 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 - 800Rule Tonga 2017 only - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 801# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 802Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 803 12:20 - +1220 1941 804 13:00 - +13 1999 805 13:00 Tonga +13/+14 806 807# Tuvalu 808# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 809Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 810 12:00 - +12 811 812 813# US minor outlying islands 814 815# Howland, Baker 816# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 817# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 818# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 819# uninhabited thereafter. 820# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 821# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 822# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 823# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 824# until they were abandoned after the war. 825 826# Jarvis 827# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 828# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 829# uninhabited thereafter. 830# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 831 832# Johnston 833# 834# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10): 835# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 836# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 837# treat it like Hawaii for now. Since Johnston is now uninhabited, 838# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file. 839# 840# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 841# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 842# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 843# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 844# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 845# 846# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 847# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 848# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 849# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 850# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 851# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 852# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 853# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 854# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 855# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 856# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 857# Minus One Hour". 858 859# Kingman 860# uninhabited 861 862# Midway 863# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 864 865# Palmyra 866# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 867 868# Wake 869# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 870Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 871 12:00 - +12 872 873 874# Vanuatu 875 876# From P Chan (2020-11-27): 877# Joint Daylight Saving Regulation No 59 of 1973 878# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. December 1973 879# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1973/11.pdf#page=15 880# 881# Joint Daylight Saving (Repeal) Regulation No 10 of 1974 882# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. March 1974 883# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1974/3.pdf#page=11 884# 885# Summer Time Act No. 35 of 1982 [commenced 1983-09-01] 886# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1982/32.pdf#page=48 887# 888# Summer Time Act (Cap 157) 889# Laws of the Republic of Vanuatu Revised Edition 1988 890# http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/sinodisp/vu/legis/consol_act1988/sta147/sta147.html 891# 892# Summer Time (Amendment) Act No. 6 of 1991 [commenced 1991-11-11] 893# http://www.paclii.org/vu/legis/num_act/sta1991227/ 894# 895# Summer Time (Repeal) Act No. 4 of 1993 [commenced 1993-05-03] 896# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1993/15.pdf#page=59 897 898# Rule NAME FROM TO - IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 899Rule Vanuatu 1973 only - Dec 22 12:00u 1:00 - 900Rule Vanuatu 1974 only - Mar 30 12:00u 0 - 901Rule Vanuatu 1983 1991 - Sep Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - 902Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sat>=22 24:00 0 - 903Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sat>=22 24:00 0 - 904Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sat>=22 24:00 1:00 - 905# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 906Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 907 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12 908 909# Wallis and Futuna 910# Zone NAME STDOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 911Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 912 12:00 - +12 913 914############################################################################### 915 916# NOTES 917 918# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 919# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 920# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 921# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 922 923# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 924# 925# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 926# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 927# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 928# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 929# 930# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 931# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 932# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 933# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 934# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 935# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 936# 937# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 938# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 939# I found in the UCLA library. 940# 941# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 942# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 943# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 944# 945# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 946# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 947# 948# I invented the abbreviation marked "*". 949# The following abbreviations are from other sources. 950# Corrections are welcome! 951# std dst 952# LMT Local Mean Time 953# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 954# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 955# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 956# 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000 957# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 958# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 959# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 960# -11:00 SST Samoa 961# -10:00 HST Hawaii 962# 963# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 964# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 965 966############################################################################### 967 968# Australia 969 970# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 971# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 972# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 973# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 974# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 975# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 976# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 977# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 978# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 979# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 980# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 981# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 982 983# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 984# Daylight Saving Act 1916 (No. 40 of 1916) [1916-12-21, commenced 1917-01-01] 985# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsa1916401916192/ 986# 987# Daylight Saving Repeal Act 1917 (No. 35 of 1917) [1917-09-25] 988# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsra1917351917243/ 989# 990# Statutory Rules 1941, No. 323 [1941-12-24] 991# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1941L00323 992# 993# Statutory Rules 1942, No. 392 [1942-09-10] 994# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1942L00392 995# 996# Statutory Rules 1943, No. 241 [1943-09-29] 997# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1943L00241 998# 999# All transition times should be 02:00 standard time. 1000 1001 1002# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 1003# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 1004# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 1005# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 1006 1007# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 1008# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 1009# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 1010# covers New South Wales in particular. 1011 1012# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1013# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 1014# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 1015# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 1016# abbreviation does _not_ change... 1017# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 1018# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 1019# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 1020# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 1021# time'. 1022# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 1023# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 1024# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 1025# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 1026# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 1027# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 1028# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 1029 1030# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 1031# 1032# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 1033# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 1034# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 1035# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 1036# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 1037# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 1038# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 1039# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 1040# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 1041# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 1042# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 1043# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 1044# 1045# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 1046# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 1047# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 1048# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 1049# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 1050# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 1051# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 1052# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1053# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 1054# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 1055# 1056# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 1057# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 1058# 1059# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 1060# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 1061# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 1062# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 1063# 1064# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 1065# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 1066# 1067# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 1068# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 1069# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 1070# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 1071# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 1072# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 1073# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 1074# 1075# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 1076# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 1077# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 1078# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 1079# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 1080# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 1081# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 1082# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 1083# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 1084# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 1085# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 1086# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 1087# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 1088# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 1089# 1090# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 1091# 1092# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 1093# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 1094# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 1095# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1096# 1097# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 1098# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 1099# EST CST WST EDT CDT 1100# 1101# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 1102# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 1103# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 1104# 1105# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 1106# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 1107# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 1108# 1109# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 1110# https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 1111# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 1112# 1113# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 1114# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 1115# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 1116# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 1117# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 1118# appear in reports of events with international implications. 1119# 1120# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 1121# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 1122# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 1123# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 1124# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1125# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1126# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1127# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1128# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1129 1130# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1131# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1132# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1133# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1134# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1135# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1136# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1137 1138# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1139# 1140# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1141# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1142# relevant entries in this database. 1143# 1144# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1145# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1146# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1147# ACT 1148# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1149# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1150# SA 1151# Standard Time Act, 1898 1152# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1153 1154# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1155# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1156# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1157# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1158# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1159# 1160# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1161# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1162# to extend DST together in 2006. 1163# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1164# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1165# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1166# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1167# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1168# allude to it. 1169# But not Queensland 1170# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1171 1172# Northern Territory 1173 1174# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1175# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1176# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1177# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1178# ... 1179# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1180 1181# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1182# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1183# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1184 1185# Western Australia 1186 1187# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1188# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1189# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1190# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1191# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1192# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1193# # before reaching parliament. 1194# ... 1195# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1196# ... 1197# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1198# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1199# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1200# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1201 1202# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1203# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1204# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1205 1206# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1207# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1208# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1209# work at 9.00am.) 1210# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1211# everybody again. 1212 1213# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1214# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1215# it matches what was used in the past. 1216 1217# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1218# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1219# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1220# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1221 1222# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01): 1223# The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the 1224# government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1, 1225# 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09. The article noted that an exemption 1226# would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing 1227# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area." See: 1228# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01. 1229# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/ 1230 1231# Queensland 1232 1233# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26): 1234# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST: 1235# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland. 1236# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403 1237# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS 1238 1239# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1240# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1241# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1242# ... 1243# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1244# ... 1245# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1246# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1247# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1248# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1249 1250# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1251# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1252# October 1989). 1253 1254# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1255# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1256# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1257# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1258 1259# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1260# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1261# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1262# me.) 1263 1264# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1265# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1266# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1267# ... 1268# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1269# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1270# ... 1271 1272# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1273# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1274 1275# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1276# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1277# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1278# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1279 1280# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1281# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1282# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1283# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1284# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1285# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1286# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1287# Australia and Western Australia.... 1288# 1289# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1290# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1291# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1292# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1293# 1294# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1295# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1296# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1297# coast of the continent. 1298# 1299# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1300# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1301# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1302# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1303# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1304# 1305# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1306# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1307# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1308# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1309# 1310# (2006-12-09): 1311# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1312# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1313# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1314# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1315# 1316# From Gilmore Davidson (2019-04-08): 1317# https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-08/this-remote-stretch-of-desert-has-its-own-custom-time-zone/10981000 1318# ... include[s] a rough description of the geographical boundaries... 1319# "The time zone exists for about 340 kilometres and takes in the tiny 1320# roadhouse communities of Cocklebiddy, Madura, Eucla and Border Village." 1321# ... and an indication that the zone has definitely been in existence 1322# since before the 1970 cut-off of the database ... 1323# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-17): 1324# That ABC Esperance story by Christien de Garis also says: 1325# Although the Central Western Time Zone is not officially recognised (your 1326# phones won't automatically change), there is a sign instructing you which 1327# way to wind your clocks 45 minutes and scrawled underneath one of them in 1328# Texta is the word: 'Why'? 1329# "Good question," Mr Pike said. 1330# "I don't even know that, and it's been going for over 50 years." 1331 1332# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1333# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1334# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1335 1336 1337# southeast Australia 1338# 1339# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1340# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1341# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1342# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1343 1344 1345# South Australia 1346 1347# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1348# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1349# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1350# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1351 1352# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1353# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1354# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1355# ... 1356# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1357# ... 1358# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1359# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1360# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1361# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1362 1363# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1364# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1365# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1366# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1367 1368# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1369# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1370# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1371# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1372# is on... 1373 1374# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1375# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1376# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1377# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1378 1379# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1380# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1381# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1382# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1383 1384# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1385# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1386# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1387# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1388 1389# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1390# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1391 1392# Tasmania 1393 1394# From P Chan (2020-11-20): 1395# Tasmania observed DST in 1916-1919. 1396# 1397# Daylight Saving Act, 1916 (7 Geo V, No 2) [1916-09-22] 1398# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsa19167gvn2267/ 1399# 1400# Daylight Saving Amendment Act, 1917 (8 Geo V, No 5) [1917-10-01] 1401# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsaa19178gvn5347/ 1402# 1403# Daylight Saving Act Repeal Act, 1919 (10 Geo V, No 9) [1919-10-24] 1404# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsara191910gvn9339/ 1405# 1406# King Island is mentioned in the 1967 Act but not the 1968 Act. 1407# Therefore it possibly observed DST from 1968/69. 1408# 1409# Daylight Saving Act 1967 (No. 33 of 1967) [1967-09-22] 1410# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196733o1967211/ 1411# 1412# Daylight Saving Act 1968 (No. 42 of 1968) [1968-10-15] 1413# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196842o1968211/ 1414 1415# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1416# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1417# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1418# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1419 1420# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1421# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1422# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1423# (but nothing new about that). 1424 1425# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1426# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1427# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1428# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1429# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1430# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1431 1432# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1433# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1434 1435# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1436# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1437 1438# Victoria 1439 1440# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1441# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1442# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1443# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1444 1445# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1446# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1447# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1448# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1449# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1450# in Melbourne, Australia. 1451# 1452# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1453# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1454# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1455# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1456# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1457# expected time. 1458# 1459# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1460# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1461# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1462# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1463# 1464# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1465# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1466 1467# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1468# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1469 1470# New South Wales 1471 1472# From Arthur David Olson: 1473# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1474# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1475# who notes: 1476# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1477# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1478# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1479# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1480# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1481# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1482 1483# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1484# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1485# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1486# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1487# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1488 1489# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1490# See the following official NSW source: 1491# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1492# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1493# 1494# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1495# daylight saving next year. See: 1496# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1497# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1498# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1499# 1500# Victoria will follow NSW. See: 1501# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1502# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1503# 1504# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1505# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1506# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1507# 1508# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1509# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1510# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1511# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1512# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1513# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1514# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1515# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1516# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1517# 1518# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1519# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1520# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1521 1522# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1523# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1524# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1525 1526# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1527# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1528# towns to use Queensland time. 1529 1530# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1531# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1532 1533# Yancowinna 1534 1535# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1536# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1537 1538# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1539# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1540# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1541# ... 1542# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1543# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1544# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1545# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1546# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1547# # presently available. 1548# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1549# ... 1550# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1551# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1552# [followed by other Rules] 1553 1554# Lord Howe Island 1555 1556# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1557# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1558# [ Dec 1990 ] 1559# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1560# hour ahead of NSW time. 1561 1562# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1563# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1564# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1565# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1566# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1567# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1568# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1569# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1570# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1571# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1572 1573# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1574# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1575# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1576# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1577# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1578# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1579 1580# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1581# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1582# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1583 1584# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1585# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1586 1587# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1588# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1589# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1590# summer (southern hemisphere). 1591# 1592# From 1593# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1594# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1595# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1596# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1597# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1598# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1599# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1600# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1601# 1602# We have a wrap-up here: 1603# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1604############################################################################### 1605 1606# New Zealand 1607 1608# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1609# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1610# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1611# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1612# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1613 1614# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1615# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1616# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1617# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1618# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1619# ... 1620# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1621# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1622# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1623# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1624# ... 1625# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1626# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1627 1628# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1629# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1630# rather than the October 1 value. 1631 1632# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1633# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1634# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1635# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1636# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1637# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1638# 1639# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1640# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1641# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references. 1642# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1643# 1644# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1645# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1646# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1647 1648# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1649# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1650# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1651# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1652# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1653 1654# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1655# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1656# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1657# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1658# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1659# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1660# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1661# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1662# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1663# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1664# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1665# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1666 1667############################################################################### 1668 1669 1670# Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands and Marcus Island (Minami-Tori-shima) 1671 1672# From Wakaba (2019-01-28) via Phake Nick: 1673# National Diet Library of Japan has several reports by Japanese Government 1674# officers that describe the time used in islands when they visited there. 1675# According to them (and other sources such as newspapers), standard time UTC 1676# + 10 (JST + 1) and DST UTC + 11 (JST + 2) was used until its return to Japan 1677# at 1968-06-26 00:00 JST. The exact periods of DST are still unknown. 1678# I guessed Guam, Mariana, and Bonin and Marcus districts might have 1679# synchronized their DST periods, but reports imply they had their own 1680# decisions, i.e. there were three or more different time zones.... 1681# 1682# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/小笠原諸島の標準時 1683 1684# From Phake Nick (2019-02-12): 1685# Because their last time change to return to Japanese time when they returned 1686# to Japanese rule was right before 1970, ... per the current tz database 1687# rule, the information doesn't warrant creation of a new timezone for Bonin 1688# Islands itself and is thus as an anecdotal note for interest purpose only. 1689# ... [The abovementioned link] described some special timekeeping phenomenon 1690# regarding Marcus island, another remote island currently owned by Japanese 1691# in the same administrative unit as Bonin Islands. Many reports claim that 1692# the American coastal guard on the American quarter of the island use its own 1693# coastal guard time, and most sources describe the time as UTC+11, being two 1694# hours faster than JST used by some Japanese personnel on the island. Some 1695# sites describe it as same as Wake Island/Guam time although it would be 1696# incorrect to be same as Guam. And then in a few Japanese governmental 1697# report from 1980s (from National Institute of Information and Communications 1698# Technology) regarding the construction of VLBI facility on the Marcus 1699# Island, it claimed that there are three time standards being used on the 1700# island at the time which include not just JST (UTC+9) or [US]CG time 1701# (UTC+11) but also a JMSDF time (UTC+10) (Japan Maritime Self-Defense 1702# Force). Unfortunately there are no other sources that mentioned such time 1703# and there are also no information on things like how the time was used. 1704 1705 1706# Fiji 1707 1708# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1709# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1710# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1711 1712# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1713# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1714# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1715# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1716 1717# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1718# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1719 1720# From the BBC World Service in 1721# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1722# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1723# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1724# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1725# of the new millennium. 1726 1727# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1728# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1729 1730 1731# Kiribati 1732 1733# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1734# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1735# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1736# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1737 1738# From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03): 1739# December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition 1740# would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995. 1741# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04): 1742# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All: 1743# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007). 1744 1745# Kwajalein 1746 1747# From an AP article (1993-08-22): 1748# "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good 1749# excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were 1750# going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight 1751# -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from 1752# one side of the international date line to the other." 1753# "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22. 1754# https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html 1755 1756# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1757# <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時> ... pointed out that 1758# currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in 1759# 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it 1760# synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch 1761# should occur at around 1950s instead. 1762# 1763# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1764# The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this. 1765# The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States 1766# Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test 1767# Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was 1768# transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground" 1769# <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>. 1770# Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined 1771# to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence. 1772 1773 1774# N Mariana Is, Guam 1775 1776# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1777# Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ... 1778# however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that 1779# period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during 1780# that period of time like the surrounding area. 1781 1782# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1783# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1784# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1785# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1786# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1787# see Asia/Manila. 1788# 1789# Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start 1790# and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern 1791# Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume 1792# they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff. 1793# 1794# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1795# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1796# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1797# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1798 1799# See also the commentary for Micronesia. 1800 1801 1802# Marshall Is 1803# See the commentary for Micronesia. 1804 1805 1806# Micronesia (and nearby) 1807 1808# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1809# Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies 1810# kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844. 1811 1812# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1813# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1814# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1815# 1816# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1817# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1818 1819# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1820# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1821# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1822# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1823# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1824# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1825 1826# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27): 1827# 1828# From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時 1829# ... 1830# For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of 1831# Micronesia + Marshall Islands): 1832# 1833# A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands 1834# who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like 1835# of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been 1836# implemented (yet). No further information after that were found. 1837# 1838# Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were 1839# instructed to use JST at the time. 1840# 1841# 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use 1842# the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the 1843# longitude of the atoll. 1844# 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until 1845# February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST. 1846# However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and 1847# probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that 1848# is if they keep their own time back then) 1849# 1850# In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area 1851# into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1, 1852# +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same 1853# year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying 1854# force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard 1855# time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such. 1856# * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area 1857# (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1858# * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil 1859# administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time) 1860# * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil 1861# administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time). 1862# * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been 1863# formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal 1864# governance structure have been established, these district [become 1865# subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard 1866# time of the area. 1867# * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was 1868# occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the 1869# Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape 1870# subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape 1871# subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E 1872# starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the 1873# Marshall Islands. 1874# 1875# And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the 1876# area into 2 timezones: 1877# * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and 1878# Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time) 1879# * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk), 1880# Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern 1881# Standard Time) 1882# 1883# Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year, 1884# standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian 1885# of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area. 1886# 1887# Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the 1888# island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this 1889# period of time.... 1890# 1891# After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the 1892# (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time 1893# different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking 1894# time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10. 1895# 1896# After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands 1897# under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some 1898# American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those 1899# area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable 1900# information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable 1901# information can be found. 1902# 1903# 1904# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18): 1905# 1906# For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that 1907# plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information 1908# for Wake is too sketchy to act on. 1909# 1910# The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been 1911# done, so omit it from the data for now. 1912# 1913# The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein. 1914 1915 1916# Midway 1917 1918# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1919# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1920# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1921# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1922# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1923# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1924# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1925# air at 6am your time. 1926# 1927# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1928# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1929# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1930# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1931 1932# Nauru 1933 1934# From Phake Nick (2018-10-31): 1935# Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then 1936# switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades. 1937# However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then 1938# showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時 1939# And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced. 1940# ... 1941# The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1942# http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3 1943# based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change" 1944# http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru 1945# Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb. 1946# 1947# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19): 1948# The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in 1949# "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935), 1950# page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by 1951# Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to 1952# 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from: 1953# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru 1954 1955# Norfolk 1956 1957# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1958# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1959# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1960# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1961# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1962 1963# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28): 1964# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1965# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1966# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1967# other than in 1974/5. See: 1968# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1969# However, disagree with timeanddate about the 1975-03-02 transition; 1970# timeanddate has 02:00 but 02:00s corresponds to what the NSW law said 1971# (thanks to Michael Deckers). 1972 1973# Norfolk started observing Australian DST in spring 2019. 1974# From Kyle Czech (2019-08-13): 1975# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2018L01702 1976# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14): 1977# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010 1978 1979# Palau 1980# See commentary for Micronesia. 1981 1982# Pitcairn 1983 1984# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1985# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1986# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1987# 1988# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1989# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1990# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1991# 1992# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1993# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1994# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1995 1996# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1997# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1998# ... at midnight. 1999 2000# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 2001# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 2002# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in 2003# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 2004 2005 2006# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 2007 2008# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean 2009# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change 2010# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 2011# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 2012# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 2013# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20. 2014# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm 2015 2016# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 2017# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 2018# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 2019# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 2020# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 2021# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 2022# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 2023# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 2024 2025 2026# Tonga 2027 2028# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 2029# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 2030# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 2031# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 2032 2033# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 2034# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 2035# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 2036# 2037# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 2038# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 2039# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 2040# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 2041# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13° 2042# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 2043# 2044# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 2045# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 2046# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 2047# 2048# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 2049# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 2050# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 2051# minutes we have lost?" 2052# 2053# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 2054# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 2055# to say your prayers in the morning." 2056 2057# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2058# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 2059 2060# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 2061# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 2062# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 2063# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 2064# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 2065# Government. 2066 2067# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 2068# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 2069# 2070# I was given this link by John Letts: 2071# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 2072# 2073# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 2074# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 2075# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 2076# (12 + 1 hour DST). 2077 2078# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 2079# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 2080# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 2081# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 2082# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 2083# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 2084# set back an hour on the closing date." 2085# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 2086 2087# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 2088# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 2089# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 2090 2091# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 2092# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 2093# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 2094# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 2095# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 2096# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 2097# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 2098 2099# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 2100# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 2101 2102# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 2103# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 2104# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 2105# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 2106# hour to 1:00am. 2107 2108# From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05): 2109# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 2110 2111# From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27): 2112# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017 2113# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen 2114# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set. 2115# 2116# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26): 2117# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00 2118# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now. 2119 2120# From David Wade (2017-10-18): 2121# In August government was disolved by the King. The current prime minister 2122# continued in office in care taker mode. It is easy to see that few 2123# decisions will be made until elections 16th November. 2124# 2125# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 2126# For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing. 2127 2128 2129# Wake 2130 2131# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 2132# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 2133# 2134# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 2135# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 2136# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 2137# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 2138# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 2139# impossible. 2140# 2141# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm 2142 2143# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 2144# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 2145 2146# See also the commentary for Micronesia. 2147 2148 2149############################################################################### 2150 2151# The International Date Line 2152 2153# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 2154# 2155# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 2156# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 2157# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 2158# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 2159# 2160# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 2161# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 2162# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 2163# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 2164# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 2165# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 2166# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 2167# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 2168# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 2169# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 2170# correct date is ambiguous. 2171 2172# From Wikipedia <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 2173# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 2174# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 2175# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 2176# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 2177# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 2178# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 2179# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 2180# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 2181# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 2182# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 2183# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 2184# independent merchant ships until World War II. 2185 2186# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 2187# (2005-03-20): 2188# 2189# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 2190# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 2191# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 2192# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 2193