1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This file also includes Pacific islands. 5 6# Notes are at the end of this file 7 8############################################################################### 9 10# Australia 11 12# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 13 14# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 15Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 16Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 17Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 18Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 19Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 20Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 21Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 22# Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 23# says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 24# 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 25 26# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 27# Northern Territory 28Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 29 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 30 9:30 Aus AC%sT 31# Western Australia 32# 33# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 34Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 35Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 36Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 37Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 38Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 39Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 40Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 41Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 42Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 43Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 44 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 45 8:00 AW AW%sT 46Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 47 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul 48 8:45 AW ACW%sT 49 50# Queensland 51# 52# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 53# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 54# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 55# Queensland ceased to. 56# 57# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 58# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 59# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 60# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 61# so use Lindeman. 62# 63# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20): 64# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday 65# islands is a colloquial term used globally. Hayman and Lindeman are at the 66# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and 67# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone 68# applies to all of the Whitsundays. 69# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands 70# 71# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 72Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 73Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 74Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 75Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 76Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 77Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 78Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 79 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 80 10:00 AQ AE%sT 81Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 82 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 83 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 84 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 85 86# South Australia 87# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 88Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 89Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 90Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 91Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 92Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 93Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 94Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 95Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 96Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 97Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 98Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 99Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 100Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 101Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 102Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 103# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 104Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 105 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 106 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 107 9:30 AS AC%sT 108 109# Tasmania 110# 111# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 112# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 113# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 114# 115# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 116Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 117Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 118Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 119Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 120Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 121Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 122Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 123Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 124Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 125Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 126Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 127Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 128Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 129Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 130Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 131Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 132Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 133Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 134Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 135# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 136Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 137 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 138 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 139 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 140 10:00 AT AE%sT 141Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 142 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 143 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 144 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 145 10:00 AT AE%sT 146 147# Victoria 148# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 149Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 150Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 151Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 152Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 153Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 154Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 155Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 156Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 157Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 158Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 159Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 160Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 161Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 162Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 163# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 164Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 165 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 166 10:00 AV AE%sT 167 168# New South Wales 169# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 170Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 171Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 172Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 173Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 174Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 176Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 177Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 178Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 179Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 180Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 181Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 182Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 183Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 184Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 185Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 186# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 187Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 188 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 189 10:00 AN AE%sT 190Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 191 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 192 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 193 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 194 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 195 9:30 AS AC%sT 196 197# Lord Howe Island 198# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 199Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 200Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 201Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 202Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 203Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 204Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 205Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 206Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 207Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 208Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 209Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 210Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 211Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 212Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 213Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 214 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 215 10:30 LH LH%sT 216 217# Australian miscellany 218# 219# Ashmore Is, Cartier 220# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 221# no times are set 222# 223# Coral Sea Is 224# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 225# no times are set 226# 227# Macquarie 228# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 229# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 230# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 231# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 232# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 233# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 234# 235# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 236# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 237# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 238# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 239# on 4 April. 240# 241# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 242# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 243# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 244# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 245# pre-2013 versions of localtime. 246Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - -00 1899 Nov 247 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 248 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 249 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 250 0 - -00 1948 Mar 25 251 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 252 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 253 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 254 255# Christmas 256# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 257Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 258 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 259 260# Cocos (Keeling) Is 261# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 262# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 263# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 264Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 265 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 266 267 268# Fiji 269 270# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 271 272# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 273# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 274# from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 275# 276# "Daylight savings to commence this month" 277# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 278# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 279 280# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 281# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 282# amendments: 283# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 284 285# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 286# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 287# 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 288# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 289# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 290# 291# Official source: 292# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 293# 294# A bit more background info here: 295# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 296 297# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 298# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 299# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 300# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 301# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 302# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 303# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 304 305# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 306# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 307# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 308# 309# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 310# which says 311# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 312# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 313# 2am on February 26 next year. 314 315# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 316# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 317# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 318# 319# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 320# states: 321# 322# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 323# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 324# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 325# on the 23rd of October, 2011. 326 327# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 328# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 329# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 330# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 331# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 332 333# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 334# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 335# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 336# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 337 338# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 339# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 340# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 341 342# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 343# DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 344# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 345 346# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77 347# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28), 348# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02): 349# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time 350# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at 351# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016. 352 353# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04): 354# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx 355# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when 356# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am.... Daylight Saving will 357# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017." 358 359# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-03): 360# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 361# 03:00 the third Sunday in January. Although ad hoc, it matches 362# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future 363# practice than guessing no DST. 364 365# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 366Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 367Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 368Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 369Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 370Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 371Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 372Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 373Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 374Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 375Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=15 3:00 0 - 376# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 377Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 378 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 379 380# French Polynesia 381# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 382Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 383 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 384Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 385 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 386Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 387 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 388# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 389# it is uninhabited. 390 391# Guam 392# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 394 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 395 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 396 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 397Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is 398 399# Kiribati 400# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 401Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 402 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 403Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 404 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 405 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 406 13:00 - PHOT 407Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 408 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 409 -10:00 - LINT 1995 410 14:00 - LINT 411 412# N Mariana Is 413# See Pacific/Guam. 414 415# Marshall Is 416# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 417Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 418 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 419 12:00 - MHT 420Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 421 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 422 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 423 12:00 - MHT 424 425# Micronesia 426# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 427Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 428 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 429Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 430 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 431Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 432 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 433 12:00 - KOST 1999 434 11:00 - KOST 435 436# Nauru 437# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 438Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 439 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 440 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 441 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 442 12:00 - NRT 443 444# New Caledonia 445# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 446Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 447Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 448Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 449# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 450Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 451# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 452Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 453 11:00 NC NC%sT 454 455 456############################################################################### 457 458# New Zealand 459 460# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 461Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 462Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 463Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 464Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 465Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 466Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 467Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 468# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 469# convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 470# so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 471Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 472Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 473Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 474Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 475Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 476Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 477Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 478Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 479Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 480Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 481Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 482Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 483Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 484Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 485Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 486Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 487Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 488Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 489# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 490Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 491 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 492 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 493Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 494 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1 495 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 496 497Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 498 499# Auckland Is 500# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 501# and scientific personnel have wintered 502 503# Campbell I 504# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 505# scientific station operated 1941/1995; 506# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 507# was probably like Pacific/Auckland 508 509# Cook Is 510# From Shanks & Pottenger: 511# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 512Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 513Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 514Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 515# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 516Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 517 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 518 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 519 520############################################################################### 521 522 523# Niue 524# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 525Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 526 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 527 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 528 -11:00 - NUT 529 530# Norfolk 531# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 532Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 533 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 534 11:30 - NFT 1974 Oct 27 02:00 # Norfolk T. 535 11:30 1:00 NFST 1975 Mar 2 02:00 536 11:30 - NFT 2015 Oct 4 02:00 537 11:00 - NFT 538 539# Palau (Belau) 540# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 541Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 542 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 543 544# Papua New Guinea 545# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 546Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 547 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 548 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 549# 550# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 551# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 552# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 553# 554# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates 555# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 556# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 557# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 558# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 559# http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 560# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 561# 562# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11 563# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time"; 564# abbreviate this as BST. See: 565# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 566# 567Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 568 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 569 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul 570 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21 571 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00 572 11:00 - BST 573 574# Pitcairn 575# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 576Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 577 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00 578 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 579 580# American Samoa 581Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 582 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 583 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 584 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 585 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 586Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands 587 588# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 589 590# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 591# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 592# the following info: 593# 594# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 595# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 596# Sunday of April 2011." 597# 598# Background info: 599# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 600# 601# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 602# contain any dates: 603# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 604 605# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 606# Please see 607# http://www.mcil.gov.ws 608# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 609# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 610# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 611# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 612 613# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 614# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 615# 616# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 617# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 618# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 619# (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 620 621# From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 622# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 623# 624# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 625 626# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 627# The International Date Line Act 2011 628# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 629# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 630# Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 631# accordingly. 632 633# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 634# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 635# 636# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 637# 638# DST 639# Year End Time Start Time 640# 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 641# 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 642# 643# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 644# Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 645# Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 646# 647# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 648# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 649# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 650# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 651# 652# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 653# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 654# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 655 656# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 657Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 658Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 659Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 660Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 661Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 662# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 663Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 664 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 665 -11:30 - WSST 1950 666 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa 667 13:00 WS WS%sT 668 669# Solomon Is 670# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 671# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 672Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 673 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 674 675# Tokelau Is 676# 677# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 678# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 679# December 31 this year ... 680# 681# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 682# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 683# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 684# Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 685# actually was to UTC-11 back then. 686# 687# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 688# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 689# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 690# <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 691# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 692# are off by an hour starting in 1901. 693 694# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 695Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 696 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 697 13:00 - TKT 698 699# Tonga 700# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 701Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 702Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 703Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 704Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 705# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 706Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 707 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 708 13:00 - TOT 1999 709 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 710 711# Tuvalu 712# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 713Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 714 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 715 716 717# US minor outlying islands 718 719# Howland, Baker 720# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 721# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 722# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 723# uninhabited thereafter. 724# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937; 725# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 726# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 727# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 728# until they were abandoned after the war. 729 730# Jarvis 731# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 732# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 733# uninhabited thereafter. 734# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 735 736# Johnston 737# 738# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 739# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 740# Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 741# treat it like Hawaii for now. 742# 743# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 744# <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 745# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 746# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 747# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 748# 749# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 750# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 751# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 752# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 753# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 754# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 755# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 756# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 757# http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 758# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 759# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 760# Minus One Hour". 761# 762# See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 763 764# Kingman 765# uninhabited 766 767# Midway 768# See Pacific/Pago_Pago. 769 770# Palmyra 771# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 772 773# Wake 774# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 775Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 776 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 777 778 779# Vanuatu 780# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 781Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 782Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 783Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 784Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 785Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 786Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 787# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 788Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 789 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 790 791# Wallis and Futuna 792# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 793Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 794 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 795 796############################################################################### 797 798# NOTES 799 800# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 801# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 802# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 803# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 804 805# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 806# 807# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 808# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 809# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 810# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 811# 812# Gwillim Law writes that a good source 813# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 814# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 815# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 816# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 817# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 818# 819# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 820# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 821# I found in the UCLA library. 822# 823# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 824# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 825# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 826# 827# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 828# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 829# 830# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 831# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 832# Corrections are welcome! 833# std dst 834# LMT Local Mean Time 835# 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 836# 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* 837# 9:00 JST Japan 838# 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 839# 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 840# 10:00 ChST Chamorro 841# 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* 842# 11:00 BST Bougainville* 843# 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 844# 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 845# 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* 846# 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* 847# 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* 848# -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* 849# -11:00 SST Samoa 850# -10:00 HST Hawaii 851# - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 852# 853# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 854# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 855 856############################################################################### 857 858# Australia 859 860# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 861# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 862# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 863# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 864# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 865# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 866# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 867# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 868# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 869# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 870# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 871# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 872 873# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 874# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 875# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 876# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 877 878# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 879# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 880# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 881# covers New South Wales in particular. 882 883# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 884# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 885# It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 886# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 887# abbreviation does _not_ change... 888# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 889# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 890# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 891# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 892# time'. 893# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 894# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 895# or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 896# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 897# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 898# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 899# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 900 901# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 902# 903# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 904# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 905# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 906# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 907# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 908# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 909# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 910# what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 911# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 912# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 913# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 914# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 915# 916# 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 917# 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 918# 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 919# 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 920# 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 921# 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 922# 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 923# 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 924# 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 925# 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 926# 927# 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 928# 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 929# 930# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 931# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 932# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 933# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 934# 935# 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 936# 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 937# 938# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 939# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 940# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 941# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 942# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 943# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 944# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 945# 946# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 947# like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 948# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 949# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 950# fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 951# like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 952# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 953# (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 954# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 955# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 956# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 957# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 958# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 959# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 960# 961# I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 962# 963# The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 964# http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 965# (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 966# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 967# 968# Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 969# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 970# EST CST WST EDT CDT 971# 972# Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 973# http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 974# EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 975# 976# Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 977# http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 978# AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 979# 980# Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 981# http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 982# EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 983# 984# The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 985# and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 986# Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 987# 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 988# "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 989# appear in reports of events with international implications. 990# 991# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 992# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 993# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 994# the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 995# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 996# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 997# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 998# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 999# "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1000 1001# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1002# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1003# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1004# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1005# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1006# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1007# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1008 1009# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1010# 1011# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1012# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1013# relevant entries in this database. 1014# 1015# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1016# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1017# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1018# ACT 1019# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1020# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1021# SA 1022# Standard Time Act, 1898 1023# http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1024 1025# From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1026# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1027# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1028# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1029# in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1030# 1031# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1032# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1033# to extend DST together in 2006. 1034# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1035# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1036# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1037# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1038# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1039# allude to it. 1040# But not Queensland 1041# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1042 1043# Northern Territory 1044 1045# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1046# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1047# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1048# # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1049# ... 1050# Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1051 1052# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1053# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1054# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1055 1056# Western Australia 1057 1058# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1059# # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1060# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1061# # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1062# # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1063# # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1064# # before reaching parliament. 1065# ... 1066# Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1067# ... 1068# Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1069# Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1070# Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1071# Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1072 1073# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1074# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1075# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1076 1077# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1078# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1079# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1080# work at 9.00am.) 1081# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1082# everybody again. 1083 1084# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1085# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1086# it matches what was used in the past. 1087 1088# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1089# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1090# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1091# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1092 1093# Queensland 1094# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1095# # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1096# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1097# ... 1098# Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1099# ... 1100# Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1101# Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1102# Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1103# Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1104 1105# From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1106# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1107# October 1989). 1108 1109# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1110# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1111# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1112# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1113 1114# From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1115# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1116# end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1117# me.) 1118 1119# From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1120# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1121# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1122# ... 1123# Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1124# Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1125# ... 1126 1127# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1128# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1129 1130# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1131# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1132# WA are trialing DST for three years. 1133# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1134 1135# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1136# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1137# southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1138# Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1139# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1140# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1141# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1142# Australia and Western Australia.... 1143# 1144# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1145# This is confirmed by the section entitled 1146# "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1147# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1148# 1149# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1150# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1151# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1152# coast of the continent. 1153# 1154# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1155# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1156# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1157# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1158# the largest population centre in this zone.... 1159# 1160# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1161# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1162# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1163# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1164# 1165# (2006-12-09): 1166# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1167# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1168# of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1169# before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1170 1171# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1172# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1173# introduction of standard time in 1895. 1174 1175 1176# southeast Australia 1177# 1178# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1179# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1180# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1181# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1182 1183 1184# South Australia 1185 1186# From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1187# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1188# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1189# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1190 1191# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1192# # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1193# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1194# ... 1195# Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1196# ... 1197# Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1198# Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1199# Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1200# Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1201 1202# From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1203# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1204# contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1205# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1206 1207# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1208# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1209# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1210# numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1211# is on... 1212 1213# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1214# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1215# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1216# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1217 1218# From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1219# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1220# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1221# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1222 1223# From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1224# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1225# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1226# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1227 1228# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1229# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1230 1231# Tasmania 1232 1233# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1234# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1235# # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1236# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1237 1238# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1239# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1240# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1241# (but nothing new about that). 1242 1243# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1244# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1245# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1246# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1247# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1248# instead of the first Sunday in October. 1249 1250# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1251# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1252 1253# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1254# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1255 1256# Victoria 1257 1258# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1259# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1260# # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1261# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1262 1263# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1264# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1265# interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1266# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1267# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1268# in Melbourne, Australia. 1269# 1270# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1271# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1272# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1273# fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1274# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1275# expected time. 1276# 1277# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1278# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1279# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1280# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1281# 1282# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1283# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1284 1285# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1286# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1287 1288# New South Wales 1289 1290# From Arthur David Olson: 1291# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1292# Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1293# who notes: 1294# In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1295# individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1296# [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1297# use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1298# legislation. This is very important to understand. 1299# I have researched New South Wales time only... 1300 1301# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1302# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1303# October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1304# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1305# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1306 1307# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1308# See the following official NSW source: 1309# Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1310# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1311# 1312# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1313# daylight saving next year. See: 1314# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1315# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1316# (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1317# 1318# Victoria will following NSW. See: 1319# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1320# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1321# 1322# However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1323# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1324# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1325# 1326# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1327# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1328# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1329# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1330# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1331# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1332# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1333# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1334# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1335# 1336# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1337# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1338# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1339 1340# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1341# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1342# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1343 1344# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1345# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1346# towns to use Queensland time. 1347 1348# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1349# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1350 1351# Yancowinna 1352 1353# From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1354# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1355 1356# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1357# # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1358# # [ Dec 1990 ] 1359# ... 1360# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1361# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1362# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1363# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1364# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1365# # presently available. 1366# Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1367# ... 1368# Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1369# Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1370# [followed by other Rules] 1371 1372# Lord Howe Island 1373 1374# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1375# LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1376# [ Dec 1990 ] 1377# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1378# hour ahead of NSW time. 1379 1380# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1381# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1382# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1383# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1384# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1385# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1386# instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1387# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1388# arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1389# however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1390 1391# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1392# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1393# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1394# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1395# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1396# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1397 1398# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1399# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1400# Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1401 1402# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1403# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1404 1405# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1406# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1407# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1408# summer (southern hemisphere). 1409# 1410# From 1411# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1412# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1413# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1414# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1415# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1416# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1417# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1418# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1419# 1420# We have a wrap-up here: 1421# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1422############################################################################### 1423 1424# New Zealand 1425 1426# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1427# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1428# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1429# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1430# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1431 1432# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1433# # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1434# # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1435# # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1436# # [ Nov 1990 ] 1437# ... 1438# Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1439# Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1440# Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1441# Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1442# ... 1443# Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1444# Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1445 1446# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1447# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1448# rather than the October 1 value. 1449 1450# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1451# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1452# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1453# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1454# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1455# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1456# 1457# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1458# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1459# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1460# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1461# 1462# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1463# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1464# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1465 1466# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1467# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1468# first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1469# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1470# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1471 1472# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1473# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1474# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1475# http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1476# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1477# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1478# time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1479# Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1480# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1481# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1482# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1483# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1484 1485############################################################################### 1486 1487 1488# Fiji 1489 1490# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1491# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1492# instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1493 1494# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1495# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1496# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1497# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1498 1499# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1500# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1501 1502# From the BBC World Service in 1503# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1504# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1505# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1506# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1507# of the new millennium. 1508 1509# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1510# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1511 1512 1513# Kiribati 1514 1515# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1516# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1517# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1518# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1519 1520 1521# Kwajalein 1522 1523# In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1524# I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1525# 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1526# respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1527# going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1528 1529 1530# N Mariana Is, Guam 1531 1532# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1533# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1534# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1535# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1536# see Asia/Manila. 1537 1538# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time, 1539# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1540# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1541# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1542 1543 1544# Micronesia 1545 1546# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1547# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1548# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1549# 1550# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11 1551# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1552 1553# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1554# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1555# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1556# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1557# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11. 1558# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now. 1559 1560 1561# Midway 1562 1563# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1564# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1565# <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1566# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1567# Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1568# your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1569# we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1570# air at 6am your time. 1571# 1572# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1573# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1574# started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1575# in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1576 1577# Norfolk 1578 1579# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23): 1580# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100: 1581# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text 1582# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015. 1583# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf 1584 1585# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23): 1586# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted 1587# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's 1588# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST 1589# other than in 1974/5. See: 1590# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html 1591 1592# Pitcairn 1593 1594# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1595# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1596# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1597# 1598# The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1599# Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1600# as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1601# 1602# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1603# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1604# somehow in light of this proclamation. 1605 1606# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1607# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1608# ... at midnight. 1609 1610# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1611# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1612# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1613# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1614 1615 1616# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1617 1618# Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1619# that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1620# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1621# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1622# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1623 1624# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30 1625# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11 1626# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1627# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1628# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950, 1629# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1630# day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1631# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1632 1633# Tonga 1634 1635# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1636# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1637# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1638# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1639 1640# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1641# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1642# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1643# 1644# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1645# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1646# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1647# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1648# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1649# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1650# 1651# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1652# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1653# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1654# 1655# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1656# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1657# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1658# minutes we have lost?" 1659# 1660# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1661# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1662# to say your prayers in the morning." 1663 1664# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1665# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1666 1667# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1668# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1669# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1670# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1671# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1672# Government. 1673 1674# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1675# * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1676# 1677# I was given this link by John Letts: 1678# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1679# 1680# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1681# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1682# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1683# (12 + 1 hour DST). 1684 1685# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1686# According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1687# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1688# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1689# third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1690# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1691# set back an hour on the closing date." 1692# Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1693 1694# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1695# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1696# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1697 1698# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1699# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1700# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1701# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1702# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1703# text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1704# (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1705 1706# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1707# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1708 1709# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1710# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1711# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1712# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1713# hour to 1:00am. 1714 1715# From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1716# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1717 1718 1719# Wake 1720 1721# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1722# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1723# 1724# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1725# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1726# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1727# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1728# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1729# impossible. 1730# 1731# http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1732 1733# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1734# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1735 1736############################################################################### 1737 1738# The International Date Line 1739 1740# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1741# 1742# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1743# convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1744# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1745# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1746# 1747# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1748# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1749# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1750# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1751# has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1752# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1753# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1754# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1755# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1756# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1757# correct date is ambiguous. 1758 1759# From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1760# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1761# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1762# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1763# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1764# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1765# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1766# on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1767# nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1768# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1769# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1770# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1771# independent merchant ships until World War II. 1772 1773# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1774# (2005-03-20): 1775# 1776# The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1777# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1778# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1779# international waters; it ignores the international date line. 1780