xref: /illumos-gate/usr/src/data/zoneinfo/asia (revision 503609a9)
1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
3
4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
8
9# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
10#
11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
15#
16# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
17# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
19# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
20# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
22#
23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
25# I found in the UCLA library.
26#
27# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
28# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
29# http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
30#
31# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
32# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
33# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
34#
35# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
36# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
37#
38# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
39# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
40# Corrections are welcome!
41#	     std  dst
42#	     LMT	Local Mean Time
43#	2:00 EET  EEST	Eastern European Time
44#	2:00 IST  IDT	Israel
45#	3:00 AST  ADT	Arabia*
46#	3:30 IRST IRDT	Iran*
47#	4:00 GST	Gulf*
48#	5:30 IST	India
49#	7:00 ICT	Indochina, most times and locations*
50#	7:00 WIB	west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
51#	8:00 WITA	central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
52#	8:00 CST	China
53#	8:00 IDT	Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)*
54#	8:00 JWST	Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
55#	8:30 KST  KDT	Korea when at +0830*
56#	9:00 JCST	Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
57#	9:00 WIT	east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
58#	9:00 JST  JDT	Japan
59#	9:00 KST  KDT	Korea when at +09
60#	9:30 ACST	Australian Central Standard Time
61#
62# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
63
64# From Guy Harris:
65# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
66# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
67# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
68# Worldwide Edition).  The names for time zones are guesses.
69
70###############################################################################
71
72# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
73# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
74Rule	EUAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
75Rule	EUAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
76Rule	EUAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
77Rule E-EurAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
78Rule E-EurAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
79Rule E-EurAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
80Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	 0:00	1:00	S
81Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1983	-	Oct	1	 0:00	0	-
82Rule RussiaAsia	1984	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
83Rule RussiaAsia	1985	2011	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
84Rule RussiaAsia	1996	2011	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
85
86# Afghanistan
87# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
88Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
89			4:00	-	AFT	1945
90			4:30	-	AFT
91
92# Armenia
93# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
94# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
95# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
96# readopting Russian DST in 1997.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
97# when they disagree with others.  Edgar Der-Danieliantz
98# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
99# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995.  IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
100# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
101# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
102
103# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
104# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
105# follow Russia's "old" rules.
106
107# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
108# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
109# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
110#
111# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
112# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
113# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
114# or
115# (brief)
116# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
117# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
118Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
119			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
120			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
121			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1995 Sep 24  2:00s
122			4:00	-	+04	1997
123			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05
124
125# Azerbaijan
126
127# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
128# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
129# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
130# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
131
132# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
133# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
134# daylight saving time....
135# http://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
136# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
137# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
138
139# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
140Rule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	S
141Rule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
142# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
143Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
144			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
145			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
146			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1992 Sep lastSun  2:00s
147			4:00	-	+04	1996
148			4:00	EUAsia	+04/+05	1997
149			4:00	Azer	+04/+05
150
151# Bahrain
152# See Asia/Qatar.
153
154# Bangladesh
155# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
156# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
157# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
158#
159# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
160# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
161# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
162#
163# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
164# June
165# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
166# crippling power crisis. "
167#
168# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
169# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
170
171# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
172# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
173# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
174#
175# Some sources:
176# http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
177# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
178#
179# Our wrap-up:
180# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
181
182# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
183# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
184# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
185# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
186#
187# No DST end date has been announced yet.
188
189# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
190# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
191# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
192#
193# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
194# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
195# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
196# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
197
198# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
199# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
200# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
201# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
202# "continue for an indefinite period."
203#
204# One of many places where it is published:
205# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
206
207# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
208# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
209# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
210#
211# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
212# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
213# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
214#
215# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
216# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
217# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
218# Minister's Office last night..."
219
220# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
221# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
222# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
223# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
224# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
225
226# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
227Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Jun	19	23:00	1:00	S
228Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Dec	31	24:00	0	-
229
230# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
231Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
232			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
233			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
234			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
235			6:30	-	BURT	1951 Sep 30
236			6:00	-	DACT	1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time
237			6:00	-	BDT	2009
238			6:00	Dhaka	BD%sT
239
240# Bhutan
241# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
242Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
243			5:30	-	IST	1987 Oct
244			6:00	-	BTT	# Bhutan Time
245
246# British Indian Ocean Territory
247# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
248# 1997 and later maps say 6:00.  Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
249# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
250# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
251# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
252# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
253Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
254			5:00	-	IOT	1996 # BIOT Time
255			6:00	-	IOT
256
257# Brunei
258# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
259Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
260			7:30	-	BNT	1933
261			8:00	-	BNT
262
263# Burma / Myanmar
264
265# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
266
267# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
268Zone	Asia/Yangon	6:24:40 -	LMT	1880        # or Rangoon
269			6:24:40	-	RMT	1920        # Rangoon Mean Time?
270			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May    # Burma Time
271			9:00	-	JST	1945 May  3
272			6:30	-	MMT	# Myanmar Time
273
274# Cambodia
275# See Asia/Bangkok.
276
277
278# China
279
280# From Guy Harris:
281# People's Republic of China.  Yes, they really have only one time zone.
282
283# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
284# No they don't.  See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52.  Even though
285# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
286# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
287# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
288# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
289#
290# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
291# painful to suck in another copy.  So, here is what I have for
292# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
293#
294#     1986 May 4 - Sept 14
295#     1987 mid-April - ??
296
297# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
298# CHINA               8 H  AHEAD OF UTC  ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
299# CHINA               9 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 17 - SEP 10
300
301# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
302# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
303# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
304# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
305
306# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
307# Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but
308# this doesn't seem to be correct.  They also write that China observed summer
309# DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so
310# go with them for DST rules as follows:
311# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
312Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
313Rule	Shang	1940	1941	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
314Rule	Shang	1941	only	-	Mar	16	0:00	1:00	D
315Rule	PRC	1986	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	D
316Rule	PRC	1986	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=11	0:00	0	S
317Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=10	0:00	1:00	D
318
319# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
320# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
321# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites.  And yes, there are official
322# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
323#
324# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
325# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
326# http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
327# boundaries summarized below]....  A few other exceptions were two
328# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
329# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
330# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
331# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
332# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
333# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
334
335# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
336# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
337#
338# (1)
339# Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
340# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
341# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
342# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003)
343# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
344# officially apparent solar time!  However, Guo also says that the
345# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
346# been taken over by the PRC yet.  It's plausible that apparent solar
347# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
348# to use UT+8.  As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
349# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
350# could well have ignored any such mandate.
351#
352# (2)
353# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
354# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
355# [undated and unknown publication location]
356# It says several things:
357#   * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
358#   * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
359#     the official calendar book of 1914.
360#   * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
361#     French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
362#     Observatory and set to local mean time.
363#   * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
364#   * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
365#     eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
366#     became used by railways as well.
367#   * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
368#     five time zones (see below for details).  This caught on
369#     at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
370#   * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7.  In practice
371#     this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
372#     Japanese-occupied territory.
373#   * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
374#   * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
375#     place (with some modifications) in March 1948.  It's not clear
376#     how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
377#   * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
378#
379# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
380# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
381# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
382# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai."  Guess that the
383# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
384#
385# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
386# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
387# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
388# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
389# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
390# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
391#
392# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
393# Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
394# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
395#
396# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
397# Asia/Shanghai
398# most of China
399# This currently represents most other zones as well,
400# as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970.
401# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
402# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
403#
404# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of the area) UT +07
405# Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai)
406# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
407# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
408# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
409# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
410#
411# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
412# Asia/Urumqi
413# This currently represents Kunlun Time as well,
414# as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970.
415# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
416# the Guangdong counties  Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
417# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
418# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
419# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
420# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
421# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
422# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
423#
424# Kunlun Time UT +05:30
425# Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi)
426# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
427# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
428# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
429# and Yarkand.
430
431# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
432# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
433# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
434# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
435# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
436# they implicitly use Beijing time.
437#
438# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
439# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
440# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
441# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
442# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
443# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
444# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
445# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
446#
447# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
448# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
449# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
450#
451# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
452# or 1991 when summer time was in use.  The confusion was severe, with
453# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
454# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
455# others moving their clocks ahead.)
456
457# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
458# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
459# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
460#
461# 1. Wulumuqi...
462# 2. Kashi...
463# 3. Urumqi...
464# 4. Kashgar...
465# ...
466# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
467# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
468# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
469#
470# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
471# start date for Xinjiang time.
472#
473# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
474# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
475# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
476# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
477
478# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
479# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
480# http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
481
482# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
483# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
484# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
485# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
486# Cochrane.  Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
487# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
488# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
489# and Beijing Time.  There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
490# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
491# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other.  The only
492# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
493# having the same time as Beijing.
494
495# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
496# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
497# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
498# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
499# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
500# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
501#
502# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized.  E.g., see
503# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
504# <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22).
505# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
506# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
507# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
508# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
509# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
510# quite a trick.  Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
511# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
512# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
513# guess) as the transition from LMT.  Ignore the usage of +08 before
514# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
515# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
516# +08 mandate back then.
517
518# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
519# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
520Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:43	-	LMT	1901
521			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949
522			8:00	PRC	C%sT
523# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
524# / Wulumuqi.  (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
525Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928
526			6:00	-	XJT
527
528
529# Hong Kong (Xianggang)
530
531# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
532
533# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
534# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
535# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
536# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
537# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
538# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
539# think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be
540# obtained from
541# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
542
543# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
544# Here are the dates given at
545# http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm
546# as of 2009-10-28:
547# Year        Period
548# 1941        1 Apr to 30 Sep
549# 1942        Whole year
550# 1943        Whole year
551# 1944        Whole year
552# 1945        Whole year
553# 1946        20 Apr to 1 Dec
554# 1947        13 Apr to 30 Dec
555# 1948        2 May to 31 Oct
556# 1949        3 Apr to 30 Oct
557# 1950        2 Apr to 29 Oct
558# 1951        1 Apr to 28 Oct
559# 1952        6 Apr to 25 Oct
560# 1953        5 Apr to 1 Nov
561# 1954        21 Mar to 31 Oct
562# 1955        20 Mar to 6 Nov
563# 1956        18 Mar to 4 Nov
564# 1957        24 Mar to 3 Nov
565# 1958        23 Mar to 2 Nov
566# 1959        22 Mar to 1 Nov
567# 1960        20 Mar to 6 Nov
568# 1961        19 Mar to 5 Nov
569# 1962        18 Mar to 4 Nov
570# 1963        24 Mar to 3 Nov
571# 1964        22 Mar to 1 Nov
572# 1965        18 Apr to 17 Oct
573# 1966        17 Apr to 16 Oct
574# 1967        16 Apr to 22 Oct
575# 1968        21 Apr to 20 Oct
576# 1969        20 Apr to 19 Oct
577# 1970        19 Apr to 18 Oct
578# 1971        18 Apr to 17 Oct
579# 1972        16 Apr to 22 Oct
580# 1973        22 Apr to 21 Oct
581# 1973/74     30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
582# 1975        20 Apr to 19 Oct
583# 1976        18 Apr to 17 Oct
584# 1977        Nil
585# 1978        Nil
586# 1979        13 May to 21 Oct
587# 1980 to Now Nil
588# The page does not give start or end times of day.
589# The page does not give a start date for 1942.
590# The page does not givw an end date for 1945.
591# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25.
592# The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15.
593# For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times.
594
595# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
596Rule	HK	1941	only	-	Apr	1	3:30	1:00	S
597Rule	HK	1941	only	-	Sep	30	3:30	0	-
598Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Apr	20	3:30	1:00	S
599Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Dec	1	3:30	0	-
600Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Apr	13	3:30	1:00	S
601Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	0	-
602Rule	HK	1948	only	-	May	2	3:30	1:00	S
603Rule	HK	1948	1951	-	Oct	lastSun	3:30	0	-
604Rule	HK	1952	only	-	Oct	25	3:30	0	-
605Rule	HK	1949	1953	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:30	1:00	S
606Rule	HK	1953	only	-	Nov	1	3:30	0	-
607Rule	HK	1954	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=18	3:30	1:00	S
608Rule	HK	1954	only	-	Oct	31	3:30	0	-
609Rule	HK	1955	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
610Rule	HK	1965	1976	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
611Rule	HK	1965	1976	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
612Rule	HK	1973	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	1:00	S
613Rule	HK	1979	only	-	May	Sun>=8	3:30	1:00	S
614Rule	HK	1979	only	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
615# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
616Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:42 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
617			8:00	HK	HK%sT	1941 Dec 25
618			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 15
619			8:00	HK	HK%sT
620
621###############################################################################
622
623# Taiwan
624
625# From smallufo (2010-04-03):
626# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
627# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
628# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
629
630# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
631# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
632# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
633# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
634# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
635# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
636# found on Wikisource:
637# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
638# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
639# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
640# declared officially.
641#
642# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
643# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
644# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
645# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
646# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
647# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
648# (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
649# be found on Wikisource:
650# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
651#
652# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
653
654# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
655# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9
656# back to UTC+8 after WW2.  I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945.  In a document
657# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
658# zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21.  And in another
659# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
660# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time".  From these two
661# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21.  And
662# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
663# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
664# that:
665#
666# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
667# the time at 135E (GMT+9)
668#
669# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
670# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
671# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
672# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
673#
674# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
675# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
676# Time.
677#
678# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
679# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
680# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
681# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
682# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
683# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
684
685# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
686# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
687# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan.  It's Taiwan Governor-General
688# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
689# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
690# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
691# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21.  I think this bulletin is much more
692# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
693# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
694# would be a good one.
695# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
696# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
697
698# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
699# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
700# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
701#
702# Original Bulletin:
703# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
704# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
705#
706# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
707# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
708#
709# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
710#
711# Here is a brief translation:
712#
713#   The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
714#   midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
715#   adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
716#
717# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
718# be found from historical government announcement database.
719
720# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
721# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
722# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
723# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
724
725# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
726Rule	Taiwan	1946	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	D
727Rule	Taiwan	1946	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
728Rule	Taiwan	1947	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
729Rule	Taiwan	1947	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
730Rule	Taiwan	1948	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
731Rule	Taiwan	1948	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
732Rule	Taiwan	1952	only	-	Mar	1	0:00	1:00	D
733Rule	Taiwan	1952	1954	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
734Rule	Taiwan	1953	1959	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
735Rule	Taiwan	1955	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
736Rule	Taiwan	1960	1961	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
737Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
738Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
739Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	1:00	D
740Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
741
742# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
743# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
744Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896 Jan  1
745			8:00	-	JWST	1937 Oct  1
746			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 21  1:00
747			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT
748
749# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
750# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
751Rule	Macau	1961	1962	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
752Rule	Macau	1961	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	3:30	0	-
753Rule	Macau	1963	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
754Rule	Macau	1964	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
755Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
756Rule	Macau	1965	only	-	Oct	31	0:00	0	-
757Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
758Rule	Macau	1966	1971	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
759Rule	Macau	1972	1974	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
760Rule	Macau	1972	1973	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
761Rule	Macau	1974	1977	-	Oct	Sun>=15	3:30	0	-
762Rule	Macau	1975	1977	-	Apr	Sun>=15	3:30	1:00	S
763Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	S
764Rule	Macau	1978	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
765# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
766Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
767			8:00	Macau	MO%sT	1999 Dec 20 # return to China
768			8:00	PRC	C%sT
769
770
771###############################################################################
772
773# Cyprus
774#
775# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00.  Stick with LMT.
776#
777# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
778Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Apr	13	0:00	1:00	S
779Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Oct	12	0:00	0	-
780Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
781Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	Oct	11	0:00	0	-
782Rule	Cyprus	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
783Rule	Cyprus	1977	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
784Rule	Cyprus	1978	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	-
785Rule	Cyprus	1979	1997	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
786Rule	Cyprus	1981	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
787# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
788Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
789			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
790			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
791# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
792
793# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
794# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
795Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
796
797# Georgia
798# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
799# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
800# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
801# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
802# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
803#
804# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
805# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
806# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
807# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
808#
809# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
810#
811# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday...  The former Soviet
812# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow.  As a result it
813# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
814# ahead.  The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
815# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
816# of integration into Europe.
817
818# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
819# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
820# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
821# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
822# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
823# about it.  As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
824# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
825# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
826# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
827
828# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
829# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
830# Go with Byalokoz.
831
832# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
833Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:11 -	LMT	1880
834			2:59:11	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
835			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
836			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
837			3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04	1992
838			3:00 E-EurAsia	+03/+04	1994 Sep lastSun
839			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	1996 Oct lastSun
840			4:00	1:00	+05	1997 Mar lastSun
841			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	2004 Jun 27
842			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	2005 Mar lastSun  2:00
843			4:00	-	+04
844
845# East Timor
846
847# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
848
849# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
850# East Timor may be late for its millennium
851# <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31):
852# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
853# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
854# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
855# conflicts with their way of life.
856
857# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
858# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
859# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
860
861# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
862# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
863# (2000-08-16):
864# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
865# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour.  The time change,
866# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
867# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
868
869# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
870Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
871			8:00	-	TLT	1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time
872			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
873			9:00	-	TLT	1976 May  3
874			8:00	-	WITA	2000 Sep 17  0:00
875			9:00	-	TLT
876
877# India
878
879# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
880# http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
881# (2015-12-22):
882# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
883# outskirts of Bombay....  They were protesting the proposed abolition of
884# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time....  Journalists called this
885# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks."  It lasted nearly half a century.
886
887# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
888Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1880        # Kolkata
889			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
890			6:30	-	BURT	1942 May 15 # Burma Time
891			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
892			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
893			5:30	-	IST
894# The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
895#	Andaman Is
896#	Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
897#	Nicobar Is
898
899# Indonesia
900#
901# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
902# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
903# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
904#
905# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
906# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
907# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01.  Looking at some
908# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
909# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
910#
911# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
912# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
913# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
914# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
915# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
916# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
917# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
918# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
919# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
920# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
921# (Hollandia).  For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
922# switched on 1945-09-23.
923#
924# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
925# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
926# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
927# when writing in English.  For example, see the English-language
928# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
929# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
930# Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29).
931# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
932#
933# WIB  - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
934# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
935# WIT  - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
936#
937# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
938# Java, Sumatra
939Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
940# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
941# but this must be a typo.
942			7:07:12	-	BMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
943			7:20	-	JAVT	1932 Nov    # Java Time
944			7:30	-	WIB	1942 Mar 23
945			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
946			7:30	-	WIB	1948 May
947			8:00	-	WIB	1950 May
948			7:30	-	WIB	1964
949			7:00	-	WIB
950# west and central Borneo
951Zone Asia/Pontianak	7:17:20	-	LMT	1908 May
952			7:17:20	-	PMT	1932 Nov    # Pontianak MT
953			7:30	-	WIB	1942 Jan 29
954			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
955			7:30	-	WIB	1948 May
956			8:00	-	WIB	1950 May
957			7:30	-	WIB	1964
958			8:00	-	WITA	1988 Jan  1
959			7:00	-	WIB
960# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
961Zone Asia/Makassar	7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
962			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
963			8:00	-	WITA	1942 Feb  9
964			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 23
965			8:00	-	WITA
966# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
967Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
968			9:00	-	WIT	1944 Sep  1
969			9:30	-	ACST	1964
970			9:00	-	WIT
971
972# Iran
973
974# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
975# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
976# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
977#
978#	Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
979#	No. 16760/T233 H				1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
980#
981#	The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
982#
983#	The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
984#	based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
985#	of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
986#	and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
987#	and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
988#	for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
989#
990#	The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
991#	at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
992#	to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
993#	Shahrivar.
994#
995#	First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
996#
997# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
998# for at least the last 5 years.  Before that, for a few years, the
999# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
1000# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
1001# I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct
1002# here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time.
1003#
1004# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
1005# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
1006# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
1007# leap year calculation involved.  There has never been any serious
1008# plan to change that law....
1009#
1010# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1011# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
1012# I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates,
1013# stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow.
1014# That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar
1015# calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand.
1016#
1017# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
1018# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
1019# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
1020# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
1021# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
1022# known exactly, amongst other factors.  2157 is even closer:
1023# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT.  But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
1024# no interpretation problem whatsoever.  By the way, another instant
1025# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
1026# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
1027# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT.  The Java version of
1028# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
1029# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
1030#
1031# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
1032# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
1033# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
1034#
1035# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
1036# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
1037# daylight saving time ...
1038# http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
1039#
1040# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
1041# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
1042# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
1043# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
1044# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
1045# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
1046# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
1047# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
1048#
1049# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1050Rule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
1051Rule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	21	0:00	0	S
1052Rule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	19	0:00	0	S
1053Rule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	23	0:00	0	S
1054Rule	Iran	1991	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	D
1055Rule	Iran	1992	1995	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
1056Rule	Iran	1991	1995	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
1057Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
1058Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
1059Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
1060Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
1061Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
1062Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
1063Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
1064Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
1065Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
1066Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
1067Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
1068Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
1069Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
1070Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
1071Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
1072Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
1073Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
1074Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
1075Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
1076Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
1077Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
1078Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
1079Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
1080Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
1081Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
1082Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
1083Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
1084Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
1085Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
1086Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
1087Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
1088Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
1089Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
1090Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
1091Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
1092Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
1093Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
1094Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
1095Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
1096Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
1097#
1098# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2038.
1099# These are the best post-2037 approximations available, given the
1100# restrictions of a single rule using a Gregorian-based data format.
1101# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
1102# possibly Iran will change the rules first.
1103Rule	Iran	2036	max	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
1104Rule	Iran	2036	max	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
1105
1106# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1107Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
1108			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946     # Tehran Mean Time
1109			3:30	-	IRST	1977 Nov
1110			4:00	Iran	IR%sT	1979
1111			3:30	Iran	IR%sT
1112
1113
1114# Iraq
1115#
1116# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
1117# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
1118# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
1119# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
1120# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
1121#
1122# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
1123# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
1124# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time.  They referred
1125# to daylight saving as Saddam time.  But, as of today, the time zone
1126# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
1127#
1128# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
1129
1130# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
1131# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
1132# news sources (in Arabic):
1133# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
1134# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
1135#
1136# We have published a short article in English about the change:
1137# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
1138
1139# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1140Rule	Iraq	1982	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
1141Rule	Iraq	1982	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
1142Rule	Iraq	1983	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
1143Rule	Iraq	1984	1985	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
1144Rule	Iraq	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
1145Rule	Iraq	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	D
1146# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
1147# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
1148#
1149Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Apr	 1	3:00s	1:00	D
1150Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	S
1151# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1152Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
1153			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918     # Baghdad Mean Time?
1154			3:00	-	AST	1982 May
1155			3:00	Iraq	A%sT
1156
1157
1158###############################################################################
1159
1160# Israel
1161
1162# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
1163#
1164# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988.  Until then there were three
1165# different abbreviations in use:
1166#
1167# JST  Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
1168# IZT  Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
1169# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
1170#
1171# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
1172# I ruled out JST.  As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
1173# EEST was equally unacceptable.  Since "zonal" was not compatible with
1174# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
1175# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
1176# settings in Israeli computers.
1177#
1178# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
1179# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
1180# family is from India).
1181
1182# From Shanks & Pottenger:
1183# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1184Rule	Zion	1940	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
1185Rule	Zion	1942	1944	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
1186Rule	Zion	1943	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
1187Rule	Zion	1944	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
1188Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
1189Rule	Zion	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
1190Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Apr	16	2:00	1:00	D
1191Rule	Zion	1946	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
1192Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	May	23	0:00	2:00	DD
1193Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	D
1194Rule	Zion	1948	1949	-	Nov	 1	2:00	0	S
1195Rule	Zion	1949	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
1196Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	D
1197Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Sep	15	3:00	0	S
1198Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
1199Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Nov	11	3:00	0	S
1200Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Apr	20	2:00	1:00	D
1201Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Oct	19	3:00	0	S
1202Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Apr	12	2:00	1:00	D
1203Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Sep	13	3:00	0	S
1204Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Jun	13	0:00	1:00	D
1205Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Sep	12	0:00	0	S
1206Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Jun	11	2:00	1:00	D
1207Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Sep	11	0:00	0	S
1208Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Jun	 3	0:00	1:00	D
1209Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	S
1210Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	D
1211Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
1212Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	D
1213Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Oct	13	0:00	0	S
1214Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Apr	20	0:00	1:00	D
1215Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Aug	31	0:00	0	S
1216Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
1217Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
1218Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	May	18	0:00	1:00	D
1219Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	S
1220Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
1221Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
1222
1223# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
1224# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
1225# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
1226# ends and changes to Sunday.
1227Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	D
1228Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 4	0:00	0	S
1229
1230# From Ephraim Silverberg
1231# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
1232# and 2005-02-17):
1233
1234# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
1235# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
1236# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
1237# days of daylight savings time annually.  From 1993-1998, the change to
1238# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
1239# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
1240# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
1241# time.  1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
1242# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
1243# conflicts with the Jewish New Year.  In 1999, the change to
1244# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
1245# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
1246# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
1247# 1999 only.  In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
1248# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
1249# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST.  Starting in 2001, all
1250# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
1251# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
1252# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
1253# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
1254# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
1255# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
1256
1257# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1258Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
1259Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
1260Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Mar	25	0:00	1:00	D
1261Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Aug	26	0:00	0	S
1262Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Mar	24	0:00	1:00	D
1263Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	S
1264Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Mar	29	0:00	1:00	D
1265Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
1266Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	D
1267Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
1268
1269# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
1270# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel.  The spokeswoman can be reached by
1271# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
1272
1273# Rule	NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1274Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
1275Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Aug	28	0:00	0	S
1276Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
1277Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
1278
1279# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
1280# time, Haim Ramon.  The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
1281# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
1282#
1283#   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
1284#
1285# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
1286#
1287# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
1288#
1289#   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
1290#
1291#       where YYYY is the relevant year.
1292
1293# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1294Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	1:00	D
1295Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
1296Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	1:00	D
1297Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
1298Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	D
1299Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
1300Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	D
1301Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Sep	 3	2:00	0	S
1302
1303# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
1304# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
1305# years 2001-2004 as well.
1306#
1307# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
1308#
1309#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
1310#
1311# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
1312# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
1313#
1314#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
1315
1316# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1317Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
1318Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Oct	 6	1:00	0	S
1319Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Apr	 9	1:00	1:00	D
1320Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Sep	24	1:00	0	S
1321Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Mar	29	1:00	1:00	D
1322Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Oct	 7	1:00	0	S
1323Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Mar	28	1:00	1:00	D
1324Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Oct	 3	1:00	0	S
1325Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Apr	 7	1:00	1:00	D
1326Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Sep	22	1:00	0	S
1327
1328# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
1329# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
1330# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
1331# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
1332# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
1333#
1334# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
1335#
1336#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
1337
1338# From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26):
1339# I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program
1340# <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20)
1341# along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4,
1342# to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012.
1343# (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.)
1344# The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule:
1345#
1346# Rule	Zion	2005	2012	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
1347#
1348# but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support
1349# "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the
1350# springtime transitions explicitly.
1351
1352# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1353Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
1354Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	0	S
1355Rule	Zion	2006	2010	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
1356Rule	Zion	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00	0	S
1357Rule	Zion	2007	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
1358Rule	Zion	2008	only	-	Oct	 5	2:00	0	S
1359Rule	Zion	2009	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	0	S
1360Rule	Zion	2010	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
1361Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Apr	 1	2:00	1:00	D
1362Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
1363Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Mar	Fri>=26	2:00	1:00	D
1364Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Sep	23	2:00	0	S
1365
1366# From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27):
1367# On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the
1368# Time Decree Law.  The next day, the changes passed the First Reading
1369# in the Knesset.  The law is expected to pass the Second and Third
1370# (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013.
1371#
1372# As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday
1373# in March.  DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October.
1374
1375# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1376Rule	Zion	2013	max	-	Mar	Fri>=23	2:00	1:00	D
1377Rule	Zion	2013	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
1378
1379# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1380Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:54 -	LMT	1880
1381			2:20:40	-	JMT	1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
1382			2:00	Zion	I%sT
1383
1384
1385
1386###############################################################################
1387
1388# Japan
1389
1390# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
1391
1392# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
1393# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
1394# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
1395# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
1396
1397# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
1398# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
1399# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
1400# [1948-05-01]....  But lack of prior debate and the execution of
1401# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
1402# deep hatred of the concept....  The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
1403# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
1404# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed.  (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
1405# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
1406# wanted to keep it.)
1407
1408# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
1409# Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows:
1410# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1411Rule	Japan	1948	only	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
1412Rule	Japan	1948	1951	-	Sep	Sat>=8	2:00	0	S
1413Rule	Japan	1949	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
1414Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
1415# but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since
1416# their audience is astrologers) were US military bases.  For now, assume
1417# that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what
1418# would have been the point of the 1951 poll?
1419
1420# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
1421# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
1422# Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s),
1423# 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N.
1424# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
1425# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
1426# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
1427# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
1428
1429# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
1430# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
1431# which stands for the time on 135 degrees E.
1432# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
1433# standard time".  And the same ordinance also established "western standard
1434# time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E....  But "western standard
1435# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937).  In the ordinance No.
1436# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
1437# standard....
1438#
1439# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
1440# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
1441
1442# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
1443# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
1444# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
1445# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
1446#
1447# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
1448# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
1449# Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
1450# http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
1451
1452# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1453Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
1454			9:00	-	JST	1896 Jan  1
1455			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
1456			9:00	Japan	J%sT
1457# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo.
1458
1459# Jordan
1460#
1461# From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html>
1462# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
1463# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
1464# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
1465# all year round.
1466#
1467# From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html>
1468# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
1469# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
1470# by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
1471# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
1472# government's departments from six to seven hours.
1473#
1474# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
1475# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
1476#
1477# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
1478# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
1479# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
1480#
1481# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
1482# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
1483# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
1484#
1485
1486# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
1487# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
1488# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
1489#
1490# Google's translation:
1491#
1492# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
1493# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
1494# > of the month of March of each year.
1495#
1496# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
1497
1498# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
1499# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
1500
1501# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
1502# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
1503# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
1504# until about the same time next year (at least).
1505# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
1506
1507# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
1508# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
1509# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
1510# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
1511# Official, in Arabic:
1512# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
1513# ... Our background/permalink about it
1514# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
1515# ...
1516# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
1517# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
1518# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
1519
1520# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
1521# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
1522
1523# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1524Rule	Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
1525Rule	Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
1526Rule	Jordan	1974	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
1527Rule	Jordan	1976	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
1528Rule	Jordan	1977	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
1529Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
1530Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
1531Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
1532Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
1533Rule	Jordan	1986	1988	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
1534Rule	Jordan	1986	1990	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
1535Rule	Jordan	1989	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	S
1536Rule	Jordan	1990	only	-	Apr	27	0:00	1:00	S
1537Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	17	0:00	1:00	S
1538Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
1539Rule	Jordan	1992	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
1540Rule	Jordan	1992	1993	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
1541Rule	Jordan	1993	1998	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
1542Rule	Jordan	1994	only	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
1543Rule	Jordan	1995	1998	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
1544Rule	Jordan	1999	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
1545Rule	Jordan	1999	2002	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
1546Rule	Jordan	2000	2001	-	Mar	lastThu	0:00s	1:00	S
1547Rule	Jordan	2002	2012	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
1548Rule	Jordan	2003	only	-	Oct	24	0:00s	0	-
1549Rule	Jordan	2004	only	-	Oct	15	0:00s	0	-
1550Rule	Jordan	2005	only	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
1551Rule	Jordan	2006	2011	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
1552Rule	Jordan	2013	only	-	Dec	20	0:00	0	-
1553Rule	Jordan	2014	max	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
1554Rule	Jordan	2014	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
1555# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1556Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
1557			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
1558
1559
1560# Kazakhstan
1561
1562# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
1563# <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21):
1564# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
1565# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
1566# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
1567#
1568# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
1569# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
1570# was "blended" with the Central zone.  Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
1571# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour.  The zone
1572# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
1573# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau,
1574# Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan.  The other zone encompasses
1575# everything else....  I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
1576# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
1577
1578# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27) ([*] means see later comments below):
1579# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
1580# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
1581#
1582# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
1583# from 1991-02-04 No. 20
1584# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
1585# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
1586# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
1587# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
1588# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
1589#
1590# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
1591# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
1592# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
1593# text.
1594#
1595# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
1596# (page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
1597# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564) on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
1598# transition to "summer" time:
1599# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
1600# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
1601# were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
1602# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
1603# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
1604# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
1605# Other territories were to not move clocks.
1606# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
1607# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
1608# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
1609#
1610# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
1611# was one of such changes.
1612#
1613# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное время
1614# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
1615# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
1616# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
1617# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
1618# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
1619# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
1620# move clocks.)
1621#
1622# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
1623# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
1624# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Kzyl-Orda oblast moved into the fifth
1625# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
1626#
1627# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1628# from 1992-01-13 No. 28
1629# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
1630# (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
1631# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
1632# 1992-01-08 act.  It specified that time would be calculated
1633# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
1634# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
1635# 2:00, specified DST rules.  It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
1636# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
1637# border between them to be located east of Kustanay and Aktyubinsk
1638# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Kzyl-Orda oblasts into the fifth
1639# time belt).
1640#
1641# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
1642# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyrau and Kustanay oblasts; from
1643# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk) [*]....
1644#
1645# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1646# from 1992-03-27 No. 284
1647# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
1648# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Kzyl-Orda oblasts
1649# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
1650# and the fifth time belts respectively.
1651#
1652# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1653# from 1994-09-23 No. 384
1654# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
1655# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangystau
1656# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
1657# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
1658# result)....
1659#
1660# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1661# from 1996-05-08 No. 575
1662# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
1663# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
1664# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
1665#
1666# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1667# from 1999-03-26 No. 305
1668# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
1669# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyrau oblast since the
1670# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
1671# time belt.
1672#
1673# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05.
1674#
1675# There is no zone for Atyrau currently (listed under Asia/Aqtau in
1676# zone1970.tab).[*]
1677#
1678# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1679# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
1680# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
1681# replaces the previous five documents.
1682#
1683# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
1684# fourth and the fifth time belts.  They account for changes in spelling
1685# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
1686# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Kostanay oblast
1687# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Kyzylorda oblast
1688# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
1689# fourth time belt (no change in practice).[*]
1690#
1691# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1692# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
1693# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
1694# modified the 2000-11-23 act.  No relevant changes, apparently.
1695#
1696# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1697# from 2004-07-20 No. 775
1698# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
1699# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Kostanay and Kyzylorda oblasts into
1700# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
1701# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
1702# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07).  The changes were to be implemented
1703# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
1704# amended before implementation happened.
1705#
1706# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1707# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
1708# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
1709# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
1710# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
1711# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyrau, West Kazakhstan,
1712# Kostanay, Kyzylorda and Mangystau oblasts by not moving clocks
1713# during the 2014 transition to "winter" time.
1714#
1715# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyrau oblast (no
1716# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
1717# +06/+07 for Kostanay oblast (Kostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
1718# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....[*]
1719#
1720# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
1721# from 2005-03-15 No. 231
1722# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
1723# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
1724# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
1725# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
1726# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
1727# time.
1728#
1729# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
1730# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
1731# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
1732# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
1733
1734# From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
1735# The tables below should reflect Stepan Golosunov's remarks above,
1736# except for the items marked "[*]" which I haven't gotten to yet.
1737# It looks like we will need new zones Asia/Atyrau and Asia/Qostanay
1738# to handle changes from 1992 through 2004 that we did not previously
1739# know about.
1740
1741#
1742# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1743#
1744# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
1745# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
1746# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
1747Zone	Asia/Almaty	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
1748			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
1749			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
1750			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
1751			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
1752			6:00	-	+06
1753# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
1754Zone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
1755			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
1756			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
1757			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
1758			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
1759			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
1760			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
1761			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
1762			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
1763			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
1764			6:00	-	+06
1765# Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
1766Zone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
1767			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
1768			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
1769			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
1770			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
1771			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
1772			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
1773			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
1774			5:00	-	+05
1775# Qostanay (KZ-KUS)
1776
1777# Mangghystau (KZ-MAN)
1778# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
1779# so include time stamps before 1963.
1780Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2
1781			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
1782			5:00	-	+05	1963
1783			5:00	-	+05	1981 Oct  1
1784			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
1785			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
1786			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
1787			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1994 Sep 25  2:00s
1788			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
1789			5:00	-	+05
1790
1791# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
1792# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
1793# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
1794Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
1795			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
1796			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
1797			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
1798			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
1799			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
1800			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
1801			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
1802			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
1803			5:00	-	+05
1804
1805# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
1806# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
1807
1808# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
1809# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
1810# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
1811# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system.  I take the article
1812# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
1813# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
1814# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
1815# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
1816
1817# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1818Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Apr	Sun>=7	0:00s	1:00	S
1819Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
1820Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	S
1821Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2004	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
1822# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1823Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
1824			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
1825			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
1826			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Aug 31  2:00
1827			5:00	Kyrgyz	+05/+06	2005 Aug 12
1828			6:00	-	+06
1829
1830###############################################################################
1831
1832# Korea (North and South)
1833
1834# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
1835# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
1836# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
1837# during the 1950-53 Korean War.  The system was temporarily enforced
1838# between 1987 and 1988 ...
1839
1840# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
1841# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
1842# According to the Korean Wikipedia
1843# http://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
1844# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
1845# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows....  And I checked old
1846# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
1847# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
1848# started at June 1 in that year.  For another example, the article in
1849# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
1850
1851# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1852Rule	ROK	1948	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
1853Rule	ROK	1948	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
1854Rule	ROK	1949	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	D
1855Rule	ROK	1949	1951	-	Sep	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
1856Rule	ROK	1950	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
1857Rule	ROK	1951	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	D
1858Rule	ROK	1955	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	D
1859Rule	ROK	1955	only	-	Sep	 9	0:00	0	S
1860Rule	ROK	1956	only	-	May	20	0:00	1:00	D
1861Rule	ROK	1956	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
1862Rule	ROK	1957	1960	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
1863Rule	ROK	1957	1960	-	Sep	Sun>=18	0:00	0	S
1864Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
1865Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	3:00	0	S
1866
1867# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
1868# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
1869#
1870# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
1871# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
1872#       (Announcement No. 338)
1873# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
1874# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
1875#
1876# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
1877# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
1878#
1879# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
1880# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
1881# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
1882#
1883# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
1884# have no information otherwise.
1885
1886# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
1887# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
1888# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
1889# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
1890#
1891# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
1892# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations.  See:
1893# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
1894# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
1895# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
1896# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
1897
1898# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1899Zone	Asia/Seoul	8:27:52	-	LMT	1908 Apr  1
1900			8:30	-	KST	1912 Jan  1
1901			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
1902			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  8
1903			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
1904			8:30	ROK	K%sT	1961 Aug 10
1905			9:00	ROK	K%sT
1906Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1908 Apr  1
1907			8:30	-	KST	1912 Jan  1
1908			9:00	-	JCST	1937 Oct  1
1909			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 24
1910			9:00	-	KST	2015 Aug 15 00:00
1911			8:30	-	KST
1912
1913###############################################################################
1914
1915# Kuwait
1916# See Asia/Riyadh.
1917
1918# Laos
1919# See Asia/Bangkok.
1920
1921
1922# Lebanon
1923# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1924Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
1925Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
1926Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
1927Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
1928Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
1929Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	-
1930Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
1931Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
1932Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
1933Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
1934Rule	Lebanon	1972	only	-	Jun	22	0:00	1:00	S
1935Rule	Lebanon	1972	1977	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
1936Rule	Lebanon	1973	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
1937Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
1938Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
1939Rule	Lebanon	1984	1987	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
1940Rule	Lebanon	1984	1991	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
1941Rule	Lebanon	1988	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
1942Rule	Lebanon	1989	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
1943Rule	Lebanon	1990	1992	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
1944Rule	Lebanon	1992	only	-	Oct	4	0:00	0	-
1945Rule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
1946Rule	Lebanon	1993	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
1947Rule	Lebanon	1999	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
1948# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1949Zone	Asia/Beirut	2:22:00 -	LMT	1880
1950			2:00	Lebanon	EE%sT
1951
1952# Malaysia
1953# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
1954Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Sep	14	0:00	0:20	TS # one-Third Summer
1955Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
1956#
1957# peninsular Malaysia
1958# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
1959# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
1960# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1961Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:46 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
1962			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
1963			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
1964			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
1965			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
1966			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
1967			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
1968			7:30	-	MALT	1982 Jan  1
1969			8:00	-	MYT	# Malaysia Time
1970# Sabah & Sarawak
1971# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
1972# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
1973# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
1974# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1975Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
1976			7:30	-	BORT	1933        # Borneo Time
1977			8:00	NBorneo	BOR%sT	1942 Feb 16
1978			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
1979			8:00	-	BORT	1982 Jan  1
1980			8:00	-	MYT
1981
1982# Maldives
1983# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
1984Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880 # Male
1985			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960 # Male Mean Time
1986			5:00	-	MVT	# Maldives Time
1987
1988# Mongolia
1989
1990# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
1991# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
1992# (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
1993
1994# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
1995# General Information Mongolia
1996# <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09)
1997# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
1998# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
1999# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
2000# eight hours."
2001
2002# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
2003# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
2004# being the last year it was implemented.  The dates of implementation I am
2005# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
2006# of implementation may have been different....
2007# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
2008# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
2009# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
2010
2011# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
2012# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
2013# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
2014# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
2015# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
2016# is good enough for our purposes.
2017
2018# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
2019# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
2020# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
2021# there are three time zones.
2022#
2023# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
2024# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
2025#	Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
2026# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
2027#
2028# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
2029
2030# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
2031# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
2032# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
2033# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
2034#
2035# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
2036# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
2037# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
2038
2039# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
2040# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
2041# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
2042# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
2043# Windows XP as the source.  Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
2044# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
2045# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
2046# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
2047# He also found
2048# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
2049# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
2050# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
2051# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
2052# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
2053# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
2054# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
2055# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
2056
2057# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
2058# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
2059# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
2060# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
2061
2062# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
2063# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
2064# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
2065# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
2066# database on this, e.g.:
2067#
2068# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
2069# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
2070#
2071# both say GMT+08:00.
2072
2073# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
2074# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
2075# schedule here:
2076# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
2077# (click the English flag for English)
2078#
2079# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
2080# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
2081# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
2082# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
2083# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
2084# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
2085
2086# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2087# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
2088# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
2089# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
2090# this is almost surely wrong.
2091
2092# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
2093# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
2094# daylight saving time in Mongolia....  Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
2095# March 2015, daylight saving time starts.  And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
2096# September daylight saving time ends.  Source:
2097# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
2098
2099# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2100Rule	Mongol	1983	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
2101Rule	Mongol	1983	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
2102# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
2103# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00.  Also, IATA SSIM
2104# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
2105#
2106# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
2107# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
2108# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
2109# the country.  That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
2110# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
2111# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
2112
2113Rule	Mongol	1985	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
2114Rule	Mongol	1984	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
2115# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
2116Rule	Mongol	2001	only	-	Apr	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
2117Rule	Mongol	2001	2006	-	Sep	lastSat	2:00	0	-
2118Rule	Mongol	2002	2006	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
2119Rule	Mongol	2015	max	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	S
2120Rule	Mongol	2015	max	-	Sep	lastSat	0:00	0	-
2121
2122# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2123# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
2124Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
2125			6:00	-	HOVT	1978     # Hovd Time
2126			7:00	Mongol	HOV%sT
2127# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
2128Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
2129			7:00	-	ULAT	1978     # Ulaanbaatar Time
2130			8:00	Mongol	ULA%sT
2131# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
2132# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
2133Zone	Asia/Choibalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
2134			7:00	-	ULAT	1978
2135			8:00	-	ULAT	1983 Apr
2136			9:00	Mongol	CHO%sT	2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time
2137			8:00	Mongol	CHO%sT
2138
2139# Nepal
2140# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2141Zone	Asia/Kathmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
2142			5:30	-	IST	1986
2143			5:45	-	NPT	# Nepal Time
2144
2145# Oman
2146# See Asia/Dubai.
2147
2148# Pakistan
2149
2150# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
2151# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
2152# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
2153# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002.  This is what I was
2154# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
2155# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
2156
2157# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
2158# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
2159# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
2160# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
2161# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
2162# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
2163# 15th October each year".  This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
2164# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
2165# it's not on a trial basis.  Also, the "between the first Saturday
2166# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
2167# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
2168
2169# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
2170# DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05
2171# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight.  Go with McDow for now.
2172
2173# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
2174# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
2175# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
2176#
2177# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
2178# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
2179# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
2180# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
2181#
2182# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
2183# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
2184
2185# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
2186#
2187# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
2188# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
2189#
2190# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
2191# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
2192# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
2193#
2194# http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
2195# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
2196
2197# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
2198# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
2199
2200# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2201# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
2202# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
2203# instead of August 31.
2204#
2205# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
2206# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
2207
2208# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
2209# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
2210# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
2211# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
2212# official working."
2213# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
2214#
2215# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
2216# introduce DST from April 15, 2009
2217#
2218# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
2219# April 08, 2009
2220# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
2221# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
2222# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
2223#
2224# ....
2225# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
2226# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
2227# conserve energy"
2228
2229# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
2230# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
2231# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
2232# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
2233# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
2234# this regard."
2235# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
2236
2237# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
2238# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
2239# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
2240# October 1, 2009.
2241#
2242# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
2243# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
2244# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
2245#
2246# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
2247# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
2248# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
2249# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
2250# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
2251# Monday."
2252#
2253# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
2254# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
2255# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
2256# obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
2257#
2258# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
2259# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
2260# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
2261
2262# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
2263# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
2264# will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
2265
2266# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
2267# Steffen Thorsen wrote:
2268# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
2269# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
2270# >
2271# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
2272# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
2273# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
2274# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
2275# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
2276#
2277# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
2278# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
2279#
2280# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
2281# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
2282
2283# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2284Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
2285Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
2286Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
2287Rule Pakistan	2008	2009	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
2288Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
2289
2290# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2291Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
2292			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
2293			5:30	1:00	IST	1945 Oct 15
2294			5:30	-	IST	1951 Sep 30
2295			5:00	-	KART	1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time
2296			5:00 Pakistan	PK%sT	# Pakistan Time
2297
2298# Palestine
2299
2300# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
2301#
2302# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
2303# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
2304# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
2305#
2306# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
2307# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
2308# time zone was affected then).  It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
2309# though.
2310#
2311# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
2312# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
2313# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
2314# Trans-Jordan").  So the rules for Jordan for that time apply.  Major
2315# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
2316# East Jerusalem.
2317#
2318# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
2319# for East Jerusalem).  They were on Israel time since then; there might
2320# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
2321# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
2322# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
2323#
2324# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
2325# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995.  I know that in order to
2326# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
2327# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
2328# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
2329# Jordanian one).
2330#
2331# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
2332#
2333# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
2334# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
2335# Israel      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion
2336# West bank   | Zion      | Jordan    | Zion      | Jordan
2337# Gaza        | Zion      | Egypt     | Zion      | Jordan
2338#
2339# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
2340# have one).
2341
2342# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
2343# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
2344# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
2345# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
2346# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
2347# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
2348# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
2349# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
2350# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
2351# to Palestine's rules.
2352
2353# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
2354# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
2355#
2356# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
2357# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
2358# one-hour forward at this time.  As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
2359# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
2360
2361# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
2362# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
2363# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
2364# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
2365# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
2366# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
2367# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
2368# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
2369
2370# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
2371# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
2372
2373# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
2374# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
2375# the Ramadan.  Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
2376# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
2377# earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
2378
2379# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
2380# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
2381# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
2382# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel.  I was not
2383# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
2384# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
2385# the West Bank.
2386
2387# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
2388# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
2389# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
2390# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
2391# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday.  It is also time to turn
2392# > back the clocks for winter.  Friday will begin an hour late this week.
2393# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
2394# because of the Ramadan.
2395
2396# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
2397# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
2398# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
2399
2400# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
2401# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
2402# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
2403# surprised if they agreed about DST.  But for now, assume they agree.
2404# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
2405# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
2406
2407# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
2408# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
2409#
2410# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
2411# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
2412#
2413# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
2414# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
2415# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
2416
2417# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
2418# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
2419# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
2420# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
2421#
2422# (in Arabic)
2423# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
2424#
2425# (English translation)
2426# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
2427
2428# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
2429# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
2430# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
2431#
2432# One news source:
2433# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
2434# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
2435# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
2436# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
2437# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
2438# minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
2439#
2440# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
2441# end date, we will keep this page updated:
2442# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
2443
2444# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
2445# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
2446#
2447# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
2448# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
2449#
2450# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
2451# (from Palestinian National Authority):
2452# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
2453# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
2454
2455# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
2456# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
2457# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
2458# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
2459#
2460# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
2461# (in Arabic)
2462# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
2463
2464# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
2465# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
2466# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
2467# noon though:
2468#
2469# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
2470# (Ma'an News Agency)
2471# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
2472# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
2473
2474# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
2475# According to several sources, including
2476# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
2477# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
2478# Gaza and the West Bank.
2479# Some more background info:
2480# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
2481
2482# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
2483# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
2484# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
2485# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
2486# Ramadan.
2487#
2488# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
2489# Additional info:
2490# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
2491
2492# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
2493# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
2494# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
2495# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
2496# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
2497# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
2498# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
2499# ...
2500# http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
2501# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
2502# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
2503
2504# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
2505# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
2506# 00:00).
2507# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
2508#
2509# Many sources, including:
2510# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
2511
2512# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2513# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
2514# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
2515# Some of many sources in Arabic:
2516# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
2517#
2518# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
2519#
2520# Our brief summary:
2521# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
2522
2523# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
2524# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
2525# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
2526# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
2527# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
2528# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
2529
2530# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
2531# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
2532# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
2533# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
2534# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
2535# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
2536# official source...:
2537# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
2538
2539# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
2540# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
2541# and http://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
2542# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
2543#
2544# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
2545# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
2546# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
2547
2548# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
2549# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
2550# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
2551# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
2552# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
2553#
2554# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-12):
2555# Predict spring transitions on March's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2556
2557# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
2558# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
2559# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
2560# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
2561#
2562# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-19):
2563# Predict fall transitions on October's last Saturday at 01:00 from now on.
2564# This is consistent with the 2016 transition as well as our spring
2565# predictions.
2566#
2567# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-19):
2568# It's also consistent with predictions in the following URLs today:
2569# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/gaza-strip/gaza
2570# http://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/hebron
2571
2572# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2573Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
2574Rule EgyptAsia	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
2575Rule EgyptAsia	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
2576Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1967	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
2577Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
2578Rule EgyptAsia	1966	only	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
2579
2580Rule Palestine	1999	2005	-	Apr	Fri>=15	0:00	1:00	S
2581Rule Palestine	1999	2003	-	Oct	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
2582Rule Palestine	2004	only	-	Oct	 1	1:00	0	-
2583Rule Palestine	2005	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
2584Rule Palestine	2006	2007	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
2585Rule Palestine	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
2586Rule Palestine	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=8	2:00	0	-
2587Rule Palestine	2008	2009	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
2588Rule Palestine	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
2589Rule Palestine	2009	only	-	Sep	Fri>=1	1:00	0	-
2590Rule Palestine	2010	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
2591Rule Palestine	2010	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	0	-
2592Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Apr	 1	0:01	1:00	S
2593Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	-
2594Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Aug	30	0:00	1:00	S
2595Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
2596Rule Palestine	2012	2014	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
2597Rule Palestine	2012	only	-	Sep	21	1:00	0	-
2598Rule Palestine	2013	only	-	Sep	Fri>=21	0:00	0	-
2599Rule Palestine	2014	2015	-	Oct	Fri>=21	0:00	0	-
2600Rule Palestine	2015	only	-	Mar	lastFri	24:00	1:00	S
2601Rule Palestine	2016	max	-	Mar	lastSat	1:00	1:00	S
2602Rule Palestine	2016	max	-	Oct	lastSat	1:00	0	-
2603
2604# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2605Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
2606			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
2607			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
2608			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
2609			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
2610			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2008 Aug 29  0:00
2611			2:00	-	EET	2008 Sep
2612			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2010
2613			2:00	-	EET	2010 Mar 27  0:01
2614			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2011 Aug  1
2615			2:00	-	EET	2012
2616			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
2617
2618Zone	Asia/Hebron	2:20:23	-	LMT	1900 Oct
2619			2:00	Zion	EET	1948 May 15
2620			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
2621			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
2622			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
2623			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
2624
2625# Paracel Is
2626# no information
2627
2628# Philippines
2629# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
2630# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
2631# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
2632# History of the International Date Line
2633# http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
2634# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
2635
2636# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
2637# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
2638# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
2639# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
2640# but no details]
2641
2642# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
2643# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
2644# March-June, but this is not definite.  It also says DST was last proclaimed
2645# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
2646# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
2647# Philippine Star 2014-08-05
2648# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
2649
2650# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2651Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	S
2652Rule	Phil	1937	only	-	Feb	1	0:00	0	-
2653Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Apr	12	0:00	1:00	S
2654Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	0	-
2655Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	S
2656Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
2657# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2658Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
2659			8:04:00 -	LMT	1899 May 11
2660			8:00	Phil	PH%sT	1942 May
2661			9:00	-	JST	1944 Nov
2662			8:00	Phil	PH%sT
2663
2664# Qatar
2665# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2666Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920     # Al Dawhah / Doha
2667			4:00	-	GST	1972 Jun
2668			3:00	-	AST
2669Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
2670
2671# Saudi Arabia
2672#
2673# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
2674# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
2675# standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it
2676# has never been made official.  Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
2677# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
2678# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
2679# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
2680# o'clock for "Arab" time).
2681#
2682# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
2683# we can do.  The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
2684# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
2685# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
2686# Jidda, on March 14, 1947".  Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
2687# earlier date.
2688#
2689# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
2690# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
2691# the country.  Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
2692#
2693# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2694Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1947 Mar 14
2695			3:00	-	AST
2696Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden	# Yemen
2697Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
2698
2699# Singapore
2700# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
2701# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
2702# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2703Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
2704			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
2705			7:00	-	MALT	1933 Jan  1 # Malaya Time
2706			7:00	0:20	MALST	1936 Jan  1
2707			7:20	-	MALT	1941 Sep  1
2708			7:30	-	MALT	1942 Feb 16
2709			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 12
2710			7:30	-	MALT	1965 Aug  9 # independence
2711			7:30	-	SGT	1982 Jan  1 # Singapore Time
2712			8:00	-	SGT
2713
2714# Spratly Is
2715# no information
2716
2717# Sri Lanka
2718
2719# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2720# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898.  Prior to this Colombo
2721# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used."  But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
2722# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
2723# Shanks and Pottenger.
2724
2725# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
2726# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
2727# (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24,
2728# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
2729# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
2730# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
2731#
2732# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
2733# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
2734# <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26):
2735# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
2736# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
2737
2738# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
2739# <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13):
2740# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
2741# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
2742
2743# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
2744# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
2745# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
2746# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
2747# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
2748# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
2749# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
2750# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
2751
2752# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
2753# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
2754# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
2755# standard time is SLST.
2756#
2757# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
2758# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
2759# zone nerd sources.  I searched Google News and found three uses of
2760# it in the International Business Times of India in February and
2761# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
2762# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
2763# other English-language news sources.  Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
2764# even worse.  For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
2765# switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
2766
2767# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2768Zone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
2769			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906        # Moratuwa Mean Time
2770			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Jan  5
2771			5:30	0:30	+0530/+06 1942 Sep
2772			5:30	1:00	+0530/+0630 1945 Oct 16  2:00
2773			5:30	-	+0530	1996 May 25  0:00
2774			6:30	-	+0630	1996 Oct 26  0:30
2775			6:00	-	+06	2006 Apr 15  0:30
2776			5:30	-	+0530
2777
2778# Syria
2779# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
2780Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
2781Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
2782Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	S
2783Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
2784Rule	Syria	1963	1965	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
2785Rule	Syria	1963	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
2786Rule	Syria	1964	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
2787Rule	Syria	1965	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
2788Rule	Syria	1966	only	-	Apr	24	2:00	1:00	S
2789Rule	Syria	1966	1976	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
2790Rule	Syria	1967	1978	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
2791Rule	Syria	1977	1978	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	-
2792Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Apr	9	2:00	1:00	S
2793Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
2794Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Feb	16	2:00	1:00	S
2795Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Oct	9	2:00	0	-
2796Rule	Syria	1987	only	-	Mar	1	2:00	1:00	S
2797Rule	Syria	1987	1988	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	-
2798Rule	Syria	1988	only	-	Mar	15	2:00	1:00	S
2799Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
2800Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
2801Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Apr	1	2:00	1:00	S
2802Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
2803Rule	Syria	1991	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
2804Rule	Syria	1991	1992	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
2805Rule	Syria	1992	only	-	Apr	 8	0:00	1:00	S
2806Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
2807Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
2808# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
2809# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
2810# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
2811# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
2812# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
2813# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
2814Rule	Syria	1994	1996	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
2815Rule	Syria	1994	2005	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
2816Rule	Syria	1997	1998	-	Mar	lastMon	0:00	1:00	S
2817Rule	Syria	1999	2006	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
2818# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
2819# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
2820# this year [only]....  This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
2821Rule	Syria	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
2822# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
2823# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
2824# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
2825Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
2826# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
2827# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
2828# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
2829# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
2830# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
2831# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
2832# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
2833#
2834# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
2835# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
2836#
2837# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
2838# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
2839#
2840# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
2841# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
2842#
2843# which using Google's translate tools says:
2844# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
2845# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
2846# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
2847Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
2848
2849# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
2850# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
2851# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
2852# Country     Time Standard   --- DST Start ---   --- DST End ---  DST
2853# Name        Zone Variation   Time    Date        Time    Date
2854# Variation
2855# Syrian Arab
2856# Republic    SY    +0200      2200  03APR08       2100  30SEP08   +0300
2857#                              2200  02APR09       2100  30SEP09   +0300
2858#                              2200  01APR10       2100  30SEP10   +0300
2859
2860# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
2861# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
2862# Agency (SANA)...
2863# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
2864# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
2865# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
2866# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
2867# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
2868# shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
2869
2870# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2871# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
2872# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
2873# compilers can't handle  or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
2874# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
2875
2876# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
2877# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
2878# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
2879#
2880# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
2881# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
2882# clocks back 60 minutes).
2883#
2884# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
2885
2886# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
2887# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
2888# two examples:
2889#
2890# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
2891# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
2892# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
2893# (Arabic, gov-site)
2894#
2895# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
2896#
2897# Our summary
2898# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
2899
2900# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
2901# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
2902# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
2903# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
2904# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
2905
2906# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
2907# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
2908# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
2909# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
2910
2911# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
2912# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
2913# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
2914# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
2915# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
2916
2917# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
2918# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
2919# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
2920#
2921# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
2922# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
2923#
2924# Our brief summary:
2925# http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
2926
2927# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
2928# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
2929
2930Rule	Syria	2008	only	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
2931Rule	Syria	2008	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
2932Rule	Syria	2009	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
2933Rule	Syria	2010	2011	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
2934Rule	Syria	2012	max	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
2935Rule	Syria	2009	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00	0	-
2936
2937# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2938Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920 # Dimashq
2939			2:00	Syria	EE%sT
2940
2941# Tajikistan
2942# From Shanks & Pottenger.
2943# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2944Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
2945			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
2946			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
2947			5:00	1:00	+05/+06	1991 Sep  9  2:00s
2948			5:00	-	+05
2949
2950# Thailand
2951# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2952Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
2953			6:42:04	-	BMT	1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2954			7:00	-	ICT
2955Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh	# Cambodia
2956Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane	# Laos
2957
2958# Turkmenistan
2959# From Shanks & Pottenger.
2960# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2961Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
2962			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
2963			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00
2964			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00
2965			5:00	-	+05
2966
2967# United Arab Emirates
2968# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2969Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
2970			4:00	-	GST
2971Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat	# Oman
2972
2973# Uzbekistan
2974# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
2975# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
2976Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:53 -	LMT	1924 May  2
2977			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
2978			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
2979			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
2980			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
2981			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
2982			5:00	-	+05
2983# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
2984Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
2985			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
2986			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00
2987			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
2988			5:00	-	+05
2989
2990# Vietnam
2991
2992# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
2993# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
2994# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam.  But this is quite a ways
2995# from Saigon's location.  For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
2996# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
2997
2998# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2999# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
3000# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
3001
3002# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
3003# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
3004# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
3005# is quoted verbatim in:
3006# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
3007# is translated by Brian Inglis in:
3008# http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
3009# and is the basis for the information below.
3010#
3011# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
3012# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris.
3013# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
3014# the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
3015# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
3016# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
3017# is closer to 07:06:31.  Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
3018#
3019# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
3020# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
3021# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
3022# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
3023# To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
3024# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
3025# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
3026# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
3027# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
3028# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
3029#
3030# Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
3031#
3032# Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
3033# No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
3034#
3035# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
3036# NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
3037#
3038# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
3039# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
3040
3041# Zone	NAME		GMTOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
3042Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
3043			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
3044			7:00	-	ICT	1942 Dec 31 23:00
3045			8:00	-	IDT	1945 Mar 14 23:00
3046			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  2
3047			7:00	-	ICT	1947 Apr  1
3048			8:00	-	IDT	1955 Jul  1
3049			7:00	-	ICT	1959 Dec 31 23:00
3050			8:00	-	IDT	1975 Jun 13
3051			7:00	-	ICT
3052
3053# Yemen
3054# See Asia/Riyadh.
3055