1# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 3 4# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 5# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 6# tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 7# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 8 9# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 10# 11# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 12# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 13# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 14# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 15# 16# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source 17# for time zone data was the International Air Transport 18# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 19# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 20# of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 21# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 22# 23# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 24# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 25# I found in the UCLA library. 26# 27# For data circa 1899, a common source is: 28# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 29# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 30# 31# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 32# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 33# 34# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean. 35# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized. 36# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 37# for UT +00 through +03, respectively, 38# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that 39# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa, 40# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and 41# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for 42# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 43# 44# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency: 45# +00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 46# +02 CAT Central Africa Time 47# +02 SAST South Africa Standard Time 48# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation: 49# +01 WAT West Africa Time 50# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like. 51# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but 52# cannot now come up with solid citations. 53# 54# I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 55# +02 WAST West Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 56# +03 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 57# +03 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 58# +03 EAT East Africa Time 59# 'EAT' also seems to have caught on; the others are rare but are paired 60# with better-attested non-DST abbreviations. 61 62# Algeria 63# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 64Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 65Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 66Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 67Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 68Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 69Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 70Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 71Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 72Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 73Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 74Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 75Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 76Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 77Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 78Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 79Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 80Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 81Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 82Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 83Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 84Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 85Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 86# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 87# more precise 0:09:21. 88# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 89Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 90 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 91 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 92 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 93 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 94 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 95 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 96 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 97 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 98 1:00 - CET 99 100# Angola 101# Benin 102# See Africa/Lagos. 103 104# Botswana 105# See Africa/Maputo. 106 107# Burkina Faso 108# See Africa/Abidjan. 109 110# Burundi 111# See Africa/Maputo. 112 113# Cameroon 114# See Africa/Lagos. 115 116# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde 117# 118# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 119# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02. 120# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 121# (see Europe/Lisbon). 122# 123# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 124Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1912 Jan 01 2:00u # Praia 125 -2:00 - -02 1942 Sep 126 -2:00 1:00 -01 1945 Oct 15 127 -2:00 - -02 1975 Nov 25 2:00 128 -1:00 - -01 129 130# Central African Republic 131# See Africa/Lagos. 132 133# Chad 134# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 135Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 136 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 137 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 138 1:00 - WAT 139 140# Comoros 141# See Africa/Nairobi. 142 143# Democratic Republic of the Congo 144# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 145 146# Republic of the Congo 147# See Africa/Lagos. 148 149# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 150# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 152 0:00 - GMT 153Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 154Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 155Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 156Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 157Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 158Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 159Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 160Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 161Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 162 163# Djibouti 164# See Africa/Nairobi. 165 166############################################################################### 167 168# Egypt 169 170# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 171# observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 172# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 173# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 174 175# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 176Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 177Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 178Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 179Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 180Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 181Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 182Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 183Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 184Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 185Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 186Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 187Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 188Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 189Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 190Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 191Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 192Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 193Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 194Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 195# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 196# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 197 198# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 199# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 200# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 201# Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 202# 203# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 204# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 205# or 206# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 207Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 208Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 209# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 210# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 211# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 212# after observing the daylight saving time since May. 213# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 214Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 215# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 216# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 217# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 218# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 219# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 220# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 221# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 222# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 223Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 224# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 225# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 226# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 227# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 228# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 229# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 230# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 231# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 232# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 233 234# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 235# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 236# 237# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 238# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 239# Apr 23 240# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 241# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 242# Apr 24 243# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 244# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 245# Aug 27 246# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 247# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 248# Aug 27 249# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 250# 251# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 252# :59) 253# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 254# 255# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 256# 257# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 258# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 259# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 260 261# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 262# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 263# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 264# in September. 265 266# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 267# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 268# Information and Decision Support Center: 269# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 270# 271# The Middle East News Agency 272# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 273# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 274# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 275# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 276# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 277# (at least today). 278 279# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 280# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 281# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 282# Ramadan. 283# 284# Arabic translation: 285# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 286# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 287# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 288 289# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 290# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 291# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 292 293# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 294# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 295 296# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 297# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 298# in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 299# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 300# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 301# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 302# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 303# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 304# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 305# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 306# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 307# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 308 309# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 310# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 311# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 312# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 313# no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 314# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 315 316# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 317# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 318# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 319# Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 320# dates not yet announced.... 321# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 322# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 323 324# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 325# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 326# least for 2015. 327# 328# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 329# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 330# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 331# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 332# practice altogether in future years." 333# 334# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24): 335# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his 336# decision to abandon DST permanently. See Ahram Online 2015-04-24. 337# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx 338 339# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29): 340# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October.... 341# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx 342# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04): 343# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST, 344 345Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 346Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 347Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 348Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 349Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 350Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 351Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 352Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 353Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 354 355# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 356Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 357 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 358 359# Equatorial Guinea 360# See Africa/Lagos. 361 362# Eritrea 363# Ethiopia 364# See Africa/Nairobi. 365 366# Gabon 367# See Africa/Lagos. 368 369# Gambia 370# See Africa/Abidjan. 371 372# Ghana 373 374# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-30): 375# Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 376# Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942 with 20 minutes of DST, 377# with transitions on 09-01 and 12-31 at 00:00. 378# Page 33 of Parish GCB, Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 1066. Gold 379# Coast. Report for 1919. (March 1921), OCLC 784024077 380# http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/africana/books2011-05/5530214/5530214_1919/5530214_1919_opt.pdf 381# lists the Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919, No. 18, 382# "to advance the time observed locally by the space of twenty minutes 383# during the last four months of each year; the object in view being 384# to extend during those months the period of daylight-time available 385# for evening recreation after office hours." 386# Vanessa Ogle, The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950 (2015), p 33, 387# writes "In 1919, the Gold Coast (Ghana as of 1957) made Greenwich 388# time its legal time and simultaneously legalized a summer time of 389# UTC - 00:20 minutes from March to October."; a footnote lists 390# the ordinance as being dated 1919-11-24. 391# The Crown Colonist, Volume 12 (1942), p 176, says "the Government 392# intend advancing Gold Coast time half an hour ahead of G.M.T. 393# The actual date of the alteration has not yet been announced." 394# These sources are incomplete and contradictory. Possibly what is 395# now Ghana observed different DST regimes in different years. For 396# lack of better info, use Shanks except treat the minus sign as a 397# typo, and assume DST started in 1920 not 1936. 398# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 399Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 - 400Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 401# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 402Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 403 0:00 Ghana GMT/+0020 404 405# Guinea 406# See Africa/Abidjan. 407 408# Guinea-Bissau 409# 410# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16): 411# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 412# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 413# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect. 414# 415# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 416Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 1:00u 417 -1:00 - -01 1975 418 0:00 - GMT 419 420# Kenya 421# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 422Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 423 3:00 - EAT 1930 424 2:30 - +0230 1940 425 2:45 - +0245 1960 426 3:00 - EAT 427Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 428Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 429Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 430Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 431Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 432Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 433Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 434Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 435Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 436 437# Lesotho 438# See Africa/Johannesburg. 439 440# Liberia 441# 442# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02): 443# 444# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30. 445# 446# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset 447# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. The 1972 change was on 448# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of: 449# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of 450# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972. 451# Monrovia: Executive Mansion. 452# 453# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric 454# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit. 455# 456# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 457Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 458 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 459 -0:44:30 - MMT 1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT 460 0:00 - GMT 461 462############################################################################### 463 464# Libya 465 466# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 467# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 468# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 469# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 470# 471# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 472# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 473# 474# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 475# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 476# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 477# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 478# lastFri instead of lastSun). 479 480# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 481# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 482# cancelled yesterday.... 483# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 484# 485# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 486# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02. 487 488# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 489Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 490Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 491Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 492Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 493Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 494Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 495Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 496Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 497Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 498Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 499Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 500Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 501Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 502Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 503Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 504Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 505Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 506# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 507Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 508 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 509 2:00 - EET 1982 510 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 511# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 512# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 513 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 514 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 515 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 516 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 517 2:00 - EET 518 519# Madagascar 520# See Africa/Nairobi. 521 522# Malawi 523# See Africa/Maputo. 524 525# Mali 526# Mauritania 527# See Africa/Abidjan. 528 529# Mauritius 530 531# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 532# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 533# basis.... 534# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 535# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 536# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 537 538# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 539# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 540 541# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 542# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 543# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 544# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 545 546# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 547# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 548 549# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 550# According to 551# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 552# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 553# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 554# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 555# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 556# 557# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 558# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 559# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 560# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 561# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 562# changes two days later. 563 564# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 565# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 566# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 567# published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 568# 569# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 570# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 571# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 572# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 573 574# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 575# The Government of Mauritius weblink 576# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 577# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 578# 579# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 580# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 581# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 582# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 583# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 584# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 585# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 586# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 587# and end on 29 March 2009. 588 589# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 590# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 591# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 592# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 593# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 594 595# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 596# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 597# DST the coming summer... 598# 599# Some sources, in French: 600# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 601# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 602# 603# Our wrap-up: 604# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 605 606# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 607# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 608# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 609# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 610 611# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 612Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 - 613Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 614Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 615Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 616# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 617Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 618 4:00 Mauritius +04/+05 619# Agalega Is, Rodriguez 620# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 621 622# Mayotte 623# See Africa/Nairobi. 624 625# Morocco 626# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 627 628# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 629# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 630# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 631# 632# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 633# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 634# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 635# 636# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 637# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 638 639# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 640# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 641# Presse: 642# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 643# 644# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 645# spokesman. 646 647# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 648# According to this article: 649# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 650# (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 651# the changes occur at midnight: 652# 653# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 654# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 655# Sunday night the 28th at midnight 656# 657# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 658# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 659# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 660# June 1st to Sept 27th. 661# 662# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 663# published on the web. 664# 665# It's also confirmed here: 666# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 667# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 668# posted in English). 669# 670# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 671# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 672 673# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 674# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 675# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 676# of September: 677# 678# One article about it (in French): 679# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 680# 681# We have some further details posted here: 682# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 683 684# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 685# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 686# to many sources, such as 687# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 688# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 689# (French) 690# 691# Our summary: 692# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 693 694# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 695# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 696# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 697# 698# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967) 699# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 700# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 701# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 702# 703# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 704# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 705 706# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 707# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 708# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 709# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 710# 711# Example: 712# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 713# (French) 714# Our page: 715# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 716 717# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 718# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 719# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 720# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 721# ...Official links of change in morocco 722# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 723# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 724# +212.537.71.84.00 725# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 726# They said that 727# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 728# is the official publication to look at. 729# They said that the decision was already taken. 730# 731# More articles in the press 732# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 733# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 734# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 735 736# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 737# They have it written in English here: 738# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 739# 740# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 741# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 742# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 743# also been like that in the past. 744 745# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 746# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 747# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 748# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 749# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 750# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 751# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 752# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 753# except the month of Ramadan. 754# or (brief) 755# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 756 757# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 758# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 759# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 760# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 761# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 762# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 763 764# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 765# Seen Morocco change again: 766# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 767# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 768# comme annoncé précédemment." 769 770# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 771# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 772# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 773# 774# Google translation, lightly edited: 775# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 776# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 777# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 778# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 779# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 780# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 781# Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 782# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 783# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 784 785# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 786# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 787# announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 788# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 789# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 790# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 791 792# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 793# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 794# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 795# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 796 797# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 798# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 799# before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 800# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 801# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 802# source (French): 803# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 804# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 805# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 806 807# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 808# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 809 810# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 811# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 812# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 813# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 814# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 815 816# From Milamber (2015-06-08): 817# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes 818# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding 819# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19, 820# 2015 at 2:00. The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I 821# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of 822# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015). 823# Source (french): 824# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/ 825# 826# From Milamber (2015-06-09): 827# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863 828# 829# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09): 830# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go 831# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch.... 832# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in 833# <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees 834# with the patch. 835 836# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08): 837# For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules, 838# and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 839# Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after 840# Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were 841# determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 842# results integrated by hand into the table below. 843# (let ((islamic-year 1437)) 844# (require 'cal-islam) 845# (while (< islamic-year 1460) 846# (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 847# (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 848# (sunday 0)) 849# (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 850# (while (/= sunday (mod b 7)) 851# (setq b (1+ b))) 852# (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 853# (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 854# (insert 855# (format 856# (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 857# "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 858# (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 859# (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 860# (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 861 862# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 863 864Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 865Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 866Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 867Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 868Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 869Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 870Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 871Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 872Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 873Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 874Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 875Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 876Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 877Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 878Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 879Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 880Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 881Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 882Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 883Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 884Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 885Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 886Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0:00 0 - 887Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 888Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 889Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 890Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 891Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 892Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 893Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 894Rule Morocco 2014 2021 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 895Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 896Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 897Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 14 3:00 0 - 898Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 19 2:00 1:00 S 899Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 5 3:00 0 - 900Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 10 2:00 1:00 S 901Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 21 3:00 0 - 902Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 2 2:00 1:00 S 903Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 13 3:00 0 - 904Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 17 2:00 1:00 S 905Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 5 3:00 0 - 906Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 9 2:00 1:00 S 907Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 19 3:00 0 - 908Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 24 2:00 1:00 S 909Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 11 3:00 0 - 910Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 16 2:00 1:00 S 911Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 8 2:00 1:00 S 912Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 23 2:00 1:00 S 913Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 S 914Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 6 2:00 1:00 S 915Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 916Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 - 917Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 4 3:00 0 - 918 919# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 920Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 921 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 922 1:00 - CET 1986 923 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 924 925# Western Sahara 926# 927# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 928# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 929# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 930# Morocco does. 931# 932# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 933# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 934# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 935 936Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 937 -1:00 - -01 1976 Apr 14 938 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 939 940# Mozambique 941# 942# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 943# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 944# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 945# merely made it official? 946# 947# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 948Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 949 2:00 - CAT 950Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 951Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 952Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 953Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 954Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 955Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 956Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 957 958 959# Namibia 960 961# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09): 962# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at 963# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf 964# and includes this nugget: 965# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the 966# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall 967# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on 968# Sunday 4 September 1994. 969 970# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06): 971# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard" 972# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ... 973 974# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 975# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 976# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 977# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 978# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 979# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 980# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 981# of the country. 982# 983# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22): 984# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally 985# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice. 986# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 987# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23. 988# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers 989 990# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09): 991# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST: 992# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 993# This video is from the government decision: 994# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665 995# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at 996# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September: 997# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html 998 999# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09): 1000# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally. 1001# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST. See, e.g.: 1002# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706 1003# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia 1004# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/ 1005# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible 1006# with Namibia's neighbors. 1007 1008# RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1009# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1010Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 -1:00 WAT 1011Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 CAT 1012Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 -1:00 WAT 1013# Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST. 1014#Rule Namibia 1994 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 WAT 1015#Rule Namibia 1994 2017 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 CAT 1016#Rule Namibia 1995 2017 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 WAT 1017# End of rearguard section. 1018 1019# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1020Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1021 1:30 - +0130 1903 Mar 1022 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1023 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1024 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1025# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST. 1026 2:00 Namibia %s 1027# Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST. 1028# 2:00 - CAT 1994 Mar 21 0:00 1029# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07): 1030# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24. See: 1031# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf 1032# 1:00 Namibia %s 2017 Oct 24 1033# 2:00 - CAT 1034# End of rearguard section. 1035 1036# Niger 1037# See Africa/Lagos. 1038 1039# Nigeria 1040# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1041Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1042 1:00 - WAT 1043Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 1044Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 1045Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 1046Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 1047Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 1048Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 1049Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 1050Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 1051Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 1052 1053# Réunion 1054# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1055Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1056 4:00 - +04 1057# 1058# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1059# 1060# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. 1061# The following information about them is taken from 1062# Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1063# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1064# We have no info about their time zone histories. 1065# 1066# Bassas da India - uninhabited 1067# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1068# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1069# Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1070# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1071 1072# Rwanda 1073# See Africa/Maputo. 1074 1075# St Helena 1076# See Africa/Abidjan. 1077# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1078# Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1079# Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1080# Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1081# on GMT, says the CIA 1082# Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1083 1084# São Tomé and Príncipe 1085 1086# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition. 1087 1088# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08): 1089# Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as 1090# they entered the year 2018. 1091# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08): 1092# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017] 1093# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017 1094 1095Zone Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884 1096 -0:36:45 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 00:00u # Lisbon MT 1097 0:00 - GMT 2018 Jan 1 01:00 1098 1:00 - WAT 1099 1100# Senegal 1101# See Africa/Abidjan. 1102 1103# Seychelles 1104# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1105Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1106 4:00 - +04 1107# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1108# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1109# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1110# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1111# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1112# Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1113 1114# Sierra Leone 1115# See Africa/Abidjan. 1116 1117# Somalia 1118# See Africa/Nairobi. 1119 1120# South Africa 1121# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1122Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1123Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1124# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1125Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1126 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1127 2:00 SA SAST 1128Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1129Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1130# 1131# Marion and Prince Edward Is 1132# scientific station since 1947 1133# no information 1134 1135# Sudan 1136 1137# From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1138# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1139# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1140# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1141# Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1142# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1143 1144# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17): 1145# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00) 1146# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017. 1147# 1148# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18): 1149# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the 1150# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia 1151# Abdalla of NTC, archived at: 1152# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html 1153 1154# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1155Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1156Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1157Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1158Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1159# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1160Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1161 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1162 3:00 - EAT 2017 Nov 1 1163 2:00 - CAT 1164 1165# South Sudan 1166# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1167Zone Africa/Juba 2:06:28 - LMT 1931 1168 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1169 3:00 - EAT 1170 1171# Swaziland 1172# See Africa/Johannesburg. 1173 1174# Tanzania 1175# See Africa/Nairobi. 1176 1177# Togo 1178# See Africa/Abidjan. 1179 1180# Tunisia 1181 1182# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1183# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1184# this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1185# <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1186# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1187# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1188# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1189# Saturday." (My translation) 1190# 1191# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1192# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1193# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1194# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1195# 1h standard time. 1196# 1197# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1198# The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1199# Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1200# Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1201# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1202 1203# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1204# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1205# (Arabic) 1206# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1207# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1208# 1209# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1210# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1211# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1212 1213# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1214# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1215# 1216# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1217# 1218# (in English) 1219# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1220# 1221# (in Arabic) 1222# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1223 1224# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1225# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1226# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1227# concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1228# unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1229# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1230 1231# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1232# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1233# 1234# (translation): 1235# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1236# Sunday... 1237# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1238# coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1239# 1240# (in Arabic) 1241# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1242# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1243# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1244 1245# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1246Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1247Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1248Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1249Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1250Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1251Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1252Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1253Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1254Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1255Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1256Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1257Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1258Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1259Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1260Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1261Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1262Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1263Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1264Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1265Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1266Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1267Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1268Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1269Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1270Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1271 1272# Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1273# more precise 0:09:21. 1274# Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1275# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1276Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1277 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1278 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1279 1280# Uganda 1281# See Africa/Nairobi. 1282 1283# Zambia 1284# Zimbabwe 1285# See Africa/Maputo. 1286