%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	VARIOUS REQUIRED PACKAGES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\usepackage{titlesec} % Allows customization of titles

\usepackage[top=3cm,bottom=3cm,left=3.2cm,right=3.2cm,headsep=10pt,a4paper]{geometry} % Page margins

\usepackage{xcolor} % Required for specifying colors by name

\usepackage{graphicx} % Required for including pictures
% Font Settings
\usepackage{avant} % Use the Avantgarde font for headings
%\usepackage{times} % Use the Times font for headings
\usepackage{mathptmx} % Use the Adobe Times Roman as the default text font together with math symbols from the Sym­bol, Chancery and Com­puter Modern fonts
\usepackage{marvosym}

\usepackage{microtype} % Slightly tweak font spacing for aesthetics
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % Required for including letters with accents
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % Use 8-bit encoding that has 256 glyphs

\usepackage{pifont}
% Index
\usepackage{calc} % For simpler calculation - used for spacing the index letter headings correctly
\usepackage{makeidx} % Required to make an index

\graphicspath{{pictures/}} % Specifies the directory where pictures are stored

\usepackage{lipsum} % Inserts dummy text

\usepackage{tikz} % Required for drawing custom shapes

\usepackage[english]{babel} % English language/hyphenation

\usepackage{enumitem} % Customize lists
\setlist{nolistsep} % Reduce spacing between bullet points and numbered lists

\usepackage{booktabs} % Required for nicer horizontal rules in tables

\usepackage{eso-pic} % Required for specifying an image background in the title page

\usepackage{listings} % Required for inserting code snippets

\definecolor{ocre}{RGB}{243,102,25} % Define the orange color used for highlighting throughout the book
\definecolor{DarkGreen}{rgb}{0.0,0.4,0.0} % Comment color
\definecolor{highlight}{RGB}{255,251,204} % Code highlight color

\lstdefinestyle{Style1}{ % Define a style for your code snippet, multiple definitions can be made if, for example, you wish to insert multiple code snippets using different programming languages into one document
language=C, % Detects keywords, comments, strings, functions, etc for the language specified
backgroundcolor=\color{highlight}, % Set the background color for the snippet - useful for highlighting
basicstyle=\footnotesize\ttfamily, % The default font size and style of the code
breakatwhitespace=false, % If true, only allows line breaks at white space
breaklines=true, % Automatic line breaking (prevents code from protruding outside the box)
captionpos=b, % Sets the caption position: b for bottom; t for top
commentstyle=\usefont{T1}{pcr}{m}{sl}\color{DarkGreen}, % Style of comments within the code - dark green courier font
deletekeywords={}, % If you want to delete any keywords from the current language separate them by commas
%escapeinside={\%}, % This allows you to escape to LaTeX using the character in the bracket
firstnumber=1, % Line numbers begin at line 1
frame=single, % Frame around the code box, value can be: none, leftline, topline, bottomline, lines, single, shadowbox
frameround=tttt, % Rounds the corners of the frame for the top left, top right, bottom left and bottom right positions
keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bf, % Functions are bold and blue
morekeywords={}, % Add any functions no included by default here separated by commas
numbers=left, % Location of line numbers, can take the values of: none, left, right
numbersep=10pt, % Distance of line numbers from the code box
numberstyle=\tiny\color{gray}, % Style used for line numbers
rulecolor=\color{black}, % Frame border color
showstringspaces=false, % Don't put marks in string spaces
showtabs=false, % Display tabs in the code as lines
stepnumber=5, % The step distance between line numbers, i.e. how often will lines be numbered
stringstyle=\color{purple}, % Strings are purple
tabsize=2, % Number of spaces per tab in the code
}

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	MAIN TABLE OF CONTENTS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\usepackage{titletoc} % Required for manipulating the table of contents

\contentsmargin{0cm} % Removes the default margin
% Chapter text styling
\titlecontents{chapter}[1.25cm] % Indentation
{\addvspace{15pt}\large\sffamily\bfseries} % Spacing and font options for chapters
{\color{ocre!60}\contentslabel[\Large\thecontentslabel]{1.25cm}\color{ocre}} % Chapter number
{}  
{\color{ocre!60}\normalsize\sffamily\bfseries\;\titlerule*[.5pc]{.}\;\thecontentspage} % Page number
% Section text styling
\titlecontents{section}[1.25cm] % Indentation
{\addvspace{5pt}\sffamily\bfseries} % Spacing and font options for sections
{\contentslabel[\thecontentslabel]{1.25cm}} % Section number
{}
{\sffamily\hfill\color{black}\thecontentspage} % Page number
[]
% Subsection text styling
\titlecontents{subsection}[1.25cm] % Indentation
{\addvspace{1pt}\sffamily\small} % Spacing and font options for subsections
{\contentslabel[\thecontentslabel]{1.25cm}} % Subsection number
{}
{\sffamily\;\titlerule*[.5pc]{.}\;\thecontentspage} % Page number
[] 

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	MINI TABLE OF CONTENTS IN CHAPTER HEADS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

% Section text styling
\titlecontents{lsection}[0em] % Indendating
{\footnotesize\sffamily} % Font settings
{}
{}
{}

% Subsection text styling
\titlecontents{lsubsection}[.5em] % Indentation
{\normalfont\footnotesize\sffamily} % Font settings
{}
{}
{}
 
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	PAGE HEADERS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\usepackage{fancyhdr} % Required for header and footer configuration

\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{\sffamily\normalsize\bfseries #1}{}} % Chapter text font settings
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\sffamily\large\thesection\hspace{5pt} #1}{}} % Section text font settings

\fancyhf{} \fancyhead[LE,RO]{\sffamily\normalsize\thepage} % Font setting for the page number in the header
\fancyhead[LO]{\rightmark} % Print the nearest section name on the left side of odd pages
\fancyhead[RE]{\leftmark} % Print the current chapter name on the right side of even pages
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt} % Width of the rule under the header
\addtolength{\headheight}{2.5pt} % Increase the spacing around the header slightly
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt} % Removes the rule in the footer
\fancypagestyle{plain}{\fancyhead{}\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}} % Style for when a plain pagestyle is specified

% Removes the header from odd empty pages at the end of chapters
\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\cleardoublepage}{
\clearpage\ifodd\c@page\else
%\hbox{}
%\vspace*{\fill}
%\thispagestyle{empty}
%\newpage
\fi}

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	THEOREM STYLES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\usepackage{amsmath,amsfonts,amssymb,amsthm} % For including math equations, theorems, symbols, etc

\newcommand{\intoo}[2]{\mathopen{]}#1\,;#2\mathclose{[}}
\newcommand{\ud}{\mathop{\mathrm{{}d}}\mathopen{}}
\newcommand{\intff}[2]{\mathopen{[}#1\,;#2\mathclose{]}}
\newtheorem{notation}{Notation}[chapter]

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% dedicated to boxed/framed environements %%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newtheoremstyle{ocrenumbox}% % Theorem style name
{0pt}% Space above
{0pt}% Space below
{\normalfont}% % Body font
{}% Indent amount
{\small\bf\sffamily\color{ocre}}% % Theorem head font
{\;}% Punctuation after theorem head
{0.25em}% Space after theorem head
{\small\sffamily\color{ocre}\thmname{#1}\nobreakspace\thmnumber{\@ifnotempty{#1}{}\@upn{#2}}% Theorem text (e.g. Theorem 2.1)
\thmnote{\nobreakspace\the\thm@notefont\sffamily\bfseries\color{black}---\nobreakspace#3.}} % Optional theorem note
\renewcommand{\qedsymbol}{$\blacksquare$}% Optional qed square

\newtheoremstyle{blacknumex}% Theorem style name
{5pt}% Space above
{5pt}% Space below
{\normalfont}% Body font
{} % Indent amount
{\small\bf\sffamily}% Theorem head font
{\;}% Punctuation after theorem head
{0.25em}% Space after theorem head
{\small\sffamily{\tiny\ensuremath{\blacksquare}}\nobreakspace\thmname{#1}\nobreakspace\thmnumber{\@ifnotempty{#1}{}\@upn{#2}}% Theorem text (e.g. Theorem 2.1)
\thmnote{\nobreakspace\the\thm@notefont\sffamily\bfseries---\nobreakspace#3.}}% Optional theorem note

\newtheoremstyle{blacknumbox} % Theorem style name
{0pt}% Space above
{0pt}% Space below
{\normalfont}% Body font
{}% Indent amount
{\small\bf\sffamily}% Theorem head font
{\;}% Punctuation after theorem head
{0.25em}% Space after theorem head
{\small\sffamily\thmname{#1}\nobreakspace\thmnumber{\@ifnotempty{#1}{}\@upn{#2}}% Theorem text (e.g. Theorem 2.1)
\thmnote{\nobreakspace\the\thm@notefont\sffamily\bfseries---\nobreakspace#3.}}% Optional theorem note

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%% dedicated to non-boxed/non-framed environements %%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newtheoremstyle{ocrenum}% % Theorem style name
{5pt}% Space above
{5pt}% Space below
{\normalfont}% % Body font
{}% Indent amount
{\small\bf\sffamily\color{ocre}}% % Theorem head font
{\;}% Punctuation after theorem head
{0.25em}% Space after theorem head
{\small\sffamily\color{ocre}\thmname{#1}\nobreakspace\thmnumber{\@ifnotempty{#1}{}\@upn{#2}}% Theorem text (e.g. Theorem 2.1)
\thmnote{\nobreakspace\the\thm@notefont\sffamily\bfseries\color{black}---\nobreakspace#3.}} % Optional theorem note
\renewcommand{\qedsymbol}{$\blacksquare$}% Optional qed square
\makeatother

% Defines the theorem text style for each type of theorem to one of the three styles above
\newcounter{dummy} 
\numberwithin{dummy}{section}
\theoremstyle{ocrenumbox}
\newtheorem{theoremeT}[dummy]{Theorem}
\newtheorem{problem}{Problem}[chapter]
\newtheorem{question}{Question}[chapter]
\newtheorem{Warning}{Warning}[chapter]
\newtheorem{reminder}[question]{Reminder}
\newtheorem{exerciseT}{Exercise}[chapter]
\theoremstyle{blacknumex}
\newtheorem{exampleT}{Example}[chapter]
\theoremstyle{blacknumbox}
\newtheorem{vocabulary}{Vocabulary}[chapter]
\newtheorem{definitionT}{Definition}[section]
\newtheorem{corollaryT}[dummy]{Corollary}
\theoremstyle{ocrenum}
\newtheorem{proposition}[dummy]{Proposition}

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	DEFINITION OF COLORED BOXES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\newcommand\Loadedframemethod{TikZ}
\RequirePackage[framemethod=\Loadedframemethod]{mdframed}

%\RequirePackage[framemethod=default]{mdframed} % Required for creating the theorem, definition, exercise and corollary boxes

% Theorem box
\newmdenv[skipabove=7pt,
skipbelow=7pt,
backgroundcolor=black!5,
linecolor=ocre,
innerleftmargin=5pt,
innerrightmargin=5pt,
innertopmargin=5pt,
leftmargin=0cm,
rightmargin=0cm,
innerbottommargin=5pt]{tBox}

% Exercise box	  
\newmdenv[skipabove=7pt,
skipbelow=7pt,
rightline=false,
leftline=true,
topline=false,
bottomline=false,
backgroundcolor=ocre!10,
linecolor=ocre,
innerleftmargin=5pt,
innerrightmargin=5pt,
innertopmargin=5pt,
innerbottommargin=5pt,
leftmargin=0cm,
rightmargin=0cm,
linewidth=4pt]{eBox}	

% Definition box
\newmdenv[skipabove=7pt,
skipbelow=7pt,
rightline=false,
leftline=true,
topline=false,
bottomline=false,
linecolor=ocre,
innerleftmargin=5pt,
innerrightmargin=5pt,
innertopmargin=0pt,
leftmargin=0cm,
rightmargin=0cm,
linewidth=4pt,
innerbottommargin=0pt]{dBox}	

% Corollary box
\newmdenv[skipabove=7pt,
skipbelow=7pt,
rightline=false,
leftline=true,
topline=false,
bottomline=false,
linecolor=gray,
backgroundcolor=black!5,
innerleftmargin=5pt,
innerrightmargin=5pt,
innertopmargin=5pt,
leftmargin=0cm,
rightmargin=0cm,
linewidth=4pt,
innerbottommargin=5pt]{cBox}				  
		  

% Creates an environment for each type of theorem and assigns it a theorem text style from the "Theorem Styles" section above and a colored box from above
\newenvironment{theorem}{\begin{tBox}\begin{theoremeT}}{\end{theoremeT}\end{tBox}}
\newenvironment{exercise}{\begin{eBox}\begin{exerciseT}}{\hfill{\color{ocre}\tiny\ensuremath{\blacksquare}}\end{exerciseT}\end{eBox}}				  
\newenvironment{definition}{\begin{dBox}\begin{definitionT}}{\end{definitionT}\end{dBox}}	
\newenvironment{example}{\begin{exampleT}}{\hfill{\tiny\ensuremath{\blacksquare}}\end{exampleT}}		
\newenvironment{corollary}{\begin{cBox}\begin{corollaryT}}{\end{corollaryT}\end{cBox}}	

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	REMARK ENVIRONMENT
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\newenvironment{remark}{\par\vskip10pt\small % Vertical white space above the remark and smaller font size
\begin{list}{}{
\leftmargin=35pt % Indentation on the left
\rightmargin=25pt}\item\ignorespaces % Indentation on the right
\makebox[-2.5pt]{\begin{tikzpicture}[overlay]
\node[draw=ocre!60,line width=1pt,circle,fill=ocre!25,font=\sffamily\bfseries,inner sep=2pt,outer sep=0pt] at (-15pt,0pt){\textcolor{ocre}{R}};\end{tikzpicture}} % Orange R in a circle
\advance\baselineskip -1pt}{\end{list}\vskip5pt} % Tighter line spacing and white space after remark

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	SECTION NUMBERING IN THE MARGIN
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\@seccntformat}[1]{\llap{\textcolor{ocre}{\csname the#1\endcsname}\hspace{1em}}}                    
\renewcommand{\section}{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}
{-4ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.4ex}
{1ex \@plus.2ex }
{\normalfont\large\sffamily\bfseries}}
\renewcommand{\subsection}{\@startsection {subsection}{2}{\z@}
{-3ex \@plus -0.1ex \@minus -.4ex}
{0.5ex \@plus.2ex }
{\normalfont\sffamily\bfseries}}
\renewcommand{\subsubsection}{\@startsection {subsubsection}{3}{\z@}
{-2ex \@plus -0.1ex \@minus -.2ex}
{0.2ex \@plus.2ex }
{\normalfont\small\sffamily\bfseries}}                        
\renewcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}
{-2ex \@plus-.2ex \@minus .2ex}
{0.1ex}
{\normalfont\small\sffamily\bfseries}}

%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%	CHAPTER HEADINGS
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

\newcommand{\thechapterimage}{}
\newcommand{\chapterimage}[1]{\renewcommand{\thechapterimage}{#1}}
\def\thechapter{\arabic{chapter}}
\def\@makechapterhead#1{
\thispagestyle{empty}
{\centering \normalfont\sffamily
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
\if@mainmatter
\startcontents
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\node at (current page.north west)
{\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]

\node[anchor=north west,inner sep=0pt] at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=\paperwidth]{\thechapterimage}};

%Commenting the 3 lines below removes the small contents box in the chapter heading
\draw[fill=white,opacity=.6] (1cm,0) rectangle (7.7cm,-4.7cm);
\node[anchor=north west] at (1cm,.25cm) {\parbox[t][8cm][t]{6.6cm}{\huge\bfseries\flushleft \printcontents{l}{1}{\setcounter{tocdepth}{2}}}};

\draw[anchor=west] (5cm,-9cm) node [rounded corners=25pt,fill=white,fill opacity=.6,text opacity=1,draw=ocre,draw opacity=1,line width=2pt,inner sep=15pt]{\huge\sffamily\bfseries\textcolor{black}{\thechapter\ ---\ #1\vphantom{plPQq}\makebox[22cm]{}}};
\end{tikzpicture}};
\end{tikzpicture}}\par\vspace*{230\p@}
\fi
\fi
}
\def\@makeschapterhead#1{
\thispagestyle{empty}
{\centering \normalfont\sffamily
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
\if@mainmatter
\startcontents
\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\node at (current page.north west)
{\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
\node[anchor=north west] at (-4pt,4pt) {\includegraphics[width=\paperwidth]{\thechapterimage}};
\draw[anchor=west] (5cm,-9cm) node [rounded corners=25pt,fill=white,opacity=.7,inner sep=15.5pt]{\huge\sffamily\bfseries\textcolor{black}{\vphantom{plPQq}\makebox[22cm]{}}};
\draw[anchor=west] (5cm,-9cm) node [rounded corners=25pt,draw=ocre,line width=2pt,inner sep=15pt]{\huge\sffamily\bfseries\textcolor{black}{#1\vphantom{plPQq}\makebox[22cm]{}}};
\end{tikzpicture}};
\end{tikzpicture}}\par\vspace*{230\p@}
\fi
\fi
}
\makeatother